QUARTER I

Lesson1:
CLEAN LIVING ROOM, DINING ROOM, BEDROOMS,
BATHROOM AND KITCHEN

Learning Outcome 1:
Clean surfaces and floors

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learner is expected to:
1. Explain the types of floor and surface texture
2. Perform cleaning, sweeping and polishing techniques of different household
areas as per standard operating procedures.
3. Demonstrate proper maintenance of floor in accordance with relevant safety
procedures and manufacturer’s instructions.

This lesson with the learning competencies clean surfaces and floors discusses and
explain the types of floors and surface texture. Techniques in cleaning, sweeping
and polishing following the standard procedures are also demonstrated which will
guide you in developing the skills and knowledge to work effectively in industry
and with your daily tasks.

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 Pre - test: Let’s See What You Know
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction. Read the statement carefully and write the
letter that best describes the statement. Put your
answer in your answer sheet.

1. Type of floor that is durable, versatile and not easily pierced.

a. hard floor c. vinyl
b. soft floor d. terra cotta

2. Type of floor which is durable, light weight, easy to clean and has anti
bacterial properties.
a. bamboo floor c. linoleum
b. concrete d. marble

3. Mixture of sand and cement with gravel, broken stone and other elements.
a. ceramic c. linoleum
b. concrete d. terra cotta

4. Similar to linoleum but it is more durable and highly resistant to moisture.

a. rubber flooring c. wood floors
b. pebble washout d. vinyl

5. Floor surface texture developed through intense heat treated with sealer
and very porous.
a. bush hammered c. sawn
b. flamed d. tumbled

6. Major consideration for successful flooring.

a. spacing c. surface texture
b. styles d. versatility

7. The function of white scouring pads in cleaning.

a. cleaning painted surfaces
b. cleaning glass mirrors

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c. cleaning marble and porcelain

d. all of the above

8. The process which includes clearing, stripping, sealing and finishing

surfaces
a. bed making c. washing
b. floor cleaning d. sweeping

9. The process that uses a lightly wet mop to clear the floor with dirt and soil.
a. damp mopping c. floor stripping
b. dust mopping d. plain polishing

10. Floor cleaning process which involves elimination of embedded dirt, oil and
old layers in the floors.
a. finishing c. sealing
b. maintaining d. stripping

11. The process that removes dirt and trash from the floor
a. Shampooing c. spray buffing
b. Sweeping d. vacuuming

12. The process of eliminating embedded dirt on floors using a vacuum

cleaner
a. extraction c. spray buffing
b. plain polishing d. vacuuming

13. Cleaning equipment used for dry foam shampooing of carpets.

a. carpet extractor c. floor polisher
b. carpet sweeper d. vacuum cleaner

14. Equipment for cleaning and dusting the floor.

a. cleaning cloth c. mop
b. dustpan d. scrubbing pads

15. The removable furniture that can be moved from one area to another.
a. antique c. cantilevered
b. built – in d. upholstered

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16. Classification of sofas and chairs in furniture selection.
a. cantilevered c. free standing
b. fitted d. upholstered

17. Below are examples of fixtures and fittings except one:

a. air condition c. wardrobe
b. doors d. telephone

18. One of the principles to follow when arranging furniture

a. budget c. time
b. color d. unity

19. Easiest stain to remove by just completely rinsing in cold water with cool
biological soak.
a. Greasy stains c. Protein stains
b. Organic stains d. Tannin stains

20. These are stains that do not fall into any specific grouping such as scorch
and chewing gum.
a. Combination stains c. Organic
stains
b. Dye stains d. Special
stains

Lesson 1.1
TYPES OF FLOOR AND SURFACE TEXTURE

Floors are important aspect of house interiors as they are both functional
and decorative. It can make a good aura in the over - all appearance which
enhances the uniqueness and ambiance of one’s residence.

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Floors come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, sizes, and styles, which
adds to its versatility. The type of floor used can give a great impression when
used at home, hotels or other establishments.

Types of Floor

1. Hard floors
These are durable, versatile and not easily pierced which comes in
different sizes and colors. They are usually used in the living and dining
rooms, terraces and sometimes in the utility area.

Hard floors include the following:

a. Bamboo floors
- a form of flooring that is made from bamboo grass which is attractive
alternative for flooring because of its physical similarities to hardwoods.
It is durable, elegant, versatile, and insects and moisture resistance.

b. Ceramic Tiles
- it emulates the look of natural stone products, which are an
excellent alternative for the value-oriented buyer since it is less
expensive than other type of floors. These are hard, brittle, heat
resistant products which comes unglazed or with high glaze.

c. Concrete
- a mixture of sand and cement with gravel, broken stone and other
elements, which could be formed into a desired form.

d. Granite
- are expensive and more attractive types of floor

e. Marble
- are products that are processed from blocks that are quarried everywhere
in the world. It comes in variety of sizes and colors, which primarily
comprised of calcium carbonate and other minerals.

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 f. Pebble washout
- a mixture of cements and river stones, where color depends on the
stones used in the mixture and the cement.

g. Laminate flooring
- are cheaper and they are easy to maintain. Is virtually resistant to
burns, scratches, chipping and is great for high traffic areas.

h. Terra Cotta
- are hard baked clay tile reddish or red – yellow colors.

i. Wood floors
- a hard floor type that manufactured from timber which is either
structural or aesthetic. A common choice due to its durability, restorability
and environmental benefits.

2. Soft floors
Otherwise known as resilient floors which is one of the commonly used in
household.

Soft floors are classified as follows:

a. Rubber flooring
- an environmentally friendly natural product, which can be textured or
profiled, it has an anti slip inclusions which require a more aggressive
cleaning regime than smooth rubber floors.
Is a durable, lightweight and easy to clean, but often has a smooth
finish, which is likely to be slippery when wet.

b. Vinyl
- one of the finest choices for its long lasting quality and affordability
among other types of floors. Similar to linoleum but it is more durable
and highly resistant to moisture.
Mainly used in offices, malls and residential areas for it’s easy
to maintain and with a cheaper cost.

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c. Linoleum
- an environmentally friendly type with natural antibacterial
properties, which is durable, lightweight and easy to clean, but
usually, has a smooth finish. Usually comes rolled and ready to install

d. Carpet
- a floor or stair covering made from thick woven fabric, typically shaped to
fit a particular room.

Surface texture of floors is also considered in the choice of floors to

be used. Below are the different types of surface texture of floors.

Bush Hammered
develops a textured surface where degree of roughness can be
selected

Flamed a rough surface that developed through intense heat. It is very porous and
must be treated with sealers.

Honed
this surface is very smooth, but often very porous. This texture is common in
high traffic buildings which is always be protected with penetrating sealer
because of it has wide – open pores.

Polished very smooth and not very porous. It is a glossy surface that brings out
brilliant colors and grains of the natural stone.

Sand Blasted a surface type that is the result of a pressurized flow of sand and
water that provides a textured surface with a matte gloss.

Sawn
a process performed by using a gang saw

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Tumbled
a slightly rough texture that is achieved by tumbling small pieces of marble,
limestone, and sometimes granite to achieve an archaic / worn appearance.

Review of Lesson 1.1

A. DISCUSS THE TYPES OF FLOOR
Direction . Write in side the box the appropriate
chara cteristics of the type of floor.

Ceramic
Marble Concrete
tiles

Vinyl Linoleum Rubber

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A. CLASSIFICATION OF THE TYPES OF FLOOR

Direction. Classify the following floor types accordingly. Write the

initial HF for hard floor and SF for soft floor. Put your answer on your
notebook.

_______1. Ceramic tiles ________6. Concrete

_______2. Terra Cotta ________7. Vinyl
_______3. Rubber flooring ________ 8.
Linoleum
_______4. Bamboo floors ________9. Pebble
_______5. Wood floors ________10. Marble

B. DEMONSTRATION ON CLEANING THE FLOOR

Direction. The whole class will be divided based on the number of
students. The activity is to clean the floor applying its proper procedures. After
the activity the group will assess their performance using the rubrics provided
below.

SCORING RUBRICS ON CLEANING THE FLOOR

Highly Skilled (30- Skilled Moderately Skilled Unskilled (24- No attempt (22-
30% 29) (28-27) (26-25) 23) 21)

Proper and Appropriate and Appropriate and Appropriate and Never selects,
effective use effective selection, effective effective selection, prepares and No attempt to
of tools, preparation and selection, preparation and use use tools/
equipment, use of materials preparation and use of materials appropriate equipment to
and materials and tools use of materials and materials and task given
/equipment all the and tools/ tools/equipment tools/
time. equipment most some of the time. equipment
of the time.
30% (30-29) (28-27) (26-25) (24-23) (22-21)

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 Work Systematic Systematic Systematic Never follows No attempt to
Application application of all application of application of work systematic apply
Procedure work procedure all work procedure procedure some of application of procedure to
the time even most of the time the time with procedure and the task given
without proper with minimum constant highly
supervision supervision supervision development on
supervision
25% (25-24) (23-22) (21-20) (19-18) (17-16)

Safety and Highly self- Self- motivated Self- motivated Needs to be Not motivated
security work motivated and and observes and observes motivated and and totally
habits observes all safety most safety and sometimes some does not disregards
and security security of the safety and observe safety safety and
precautions all the precautions security and security security
time most of the precautions in precaution in precautions in
time in work work work
work

15% (15-14) (13-12) (11-10) (9-8) (7-6)

Speed/Time Finished the work Finished the Finished the work Finished the No work at all
ahead of time work on time close to given time work beyond
the given time.

Lesson 1.2
PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES ON
FLOOR AND SURFACE CLEANING

The type of floor and surface texture affects the aura of one’s home. It
adds elegance and quality, which needs care and maintenance for its
purpose.
Floors should not only look shiny and clean, but should be
maintained properly. Damages such as crack, broken or torn should be
repaired or replaced immediately to avoid any form of accidents.
Cleaning and polishing are the two main activities that household
workers should consider for floor and surface maintenance.

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The diagram below shows the floors cleaning processes that make floor
cleaning successful.

Clearing Stripping Sealing Finishing Maintaining

Step 1: Clearing

First step in floor cleaning where the area will be clear so it will be free from any
distraction and do the task effectively.

Step 2: Stripping
Second process in floor cleaning where embedded
dirt; oil and old layers of floor finish and sealer are
eliminated.
Apply the stripping chemicals with the use of mop
head; allow chemical to stay on the floor for five minutes
then scrub the area using the stripping pad. Rinse the
area with the use of water with soap and dry it with mop
head.
Mop, stripping pad, hand gloves, polisher, mop
wringer, warming device, ropes, cord, floor stripper or
wax remover are the supplies and materials needed in
these process.
Step 3: Sealing
Smoothing process to rough surfaces, scratches and other
types of floor damages to enhance it’s over all appearance
comprises this step.
It requires an application of a sealing solution, which
protect the glaze of the tiles, makes the floor look better,
cling together and last longer

Step 4: Finishing
Application of coats of wax to make it appear glossy and appealing
to the eyes deals with this process. A proper step to makes floor
better protected from damages and stains that will also prolongs the
life of the floors.

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 Mops, mop wringer, finishing solution are the materials needed in this process.

Step 5: Maintaining
Final step, which involves removal of tucked – in dirt
through the use of cleaners. Repeated buffing keeps
shine until the next stripping and finishing job becomes
absolutely necessary
Sweep the floor thoroughly until dusts are removed then
mop the area using open eight figure motion or over
lapping motion to remove dirt on the floor then buff it
thoroughly.

 The following are the specific procedures in daily cleaning of floors

Damp mopping – mopping the floor with lightly wet mop to clear the floor of dirt
and soil.

Dust mopping – dusting of dirt using mops with handle.

Extraction– cleaning process that is extracting deeply embedded dirt and soil in carpets
especially those in inner layers that cannot be removed by shampooing.

Finishing floors – performed on floors that are stripped of old wax and dirt and sealed for
protection. The finishing is accomplished through the application of wax or floor shine and
polishing thereafter using a floor polisher.

Floor stripping – requires application of stripping solution.

Plain polishing – retouching the shine of floors by using a polisher.

Shampooing–a process that apply to carpet which is the removal of embedded dirt and
stains using carpet shampoo either manually of by use of a machine.

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Spray buffing– spraying the floor with a buff finish to retouch it and to keep the gloss

Sweeping – removing dirt and trash from floors using sweepers and dustpan.

Vacuuming – the process of elimination of dirt on carpeted floors using a vacuum cleaner.

Here are some tips in cleaning and polishing types of floors, so beauty and elegance will
be maintained.

1. Ceramic tile, glazed

To clean: vacuum and damp mop with an all purpose cleaner; dry with a soft cloth
To polish: No need for polishing
Don’ts: Avoid using abrasive cleaners

2. Ceramic tile, unglazed

To clean: vacuum and damp-mop with an all purpose cleaner
To polish: Once a year, strip the finish and reseal with a commercial sealer and water-based
wax or acrylic self-polishing wax.
Don’ts: Avoid abrasive cleaners, strong soaps, or acids.

3. Linoleum
To clean: Vacuum and damp – mop with a mild all-purpose cleaner.
To polish: Apply two thin coats of self-polishing, water based floor wax; let dry between coats.
Don’ts: Avoid solvent-based products, hot water and strong soaps.

4. Vinyl
To clean: Vacuum and damp-mop with all-purpose cleaner dissolved in water.
To polish: Apply two thin coats of self-polishing, water-based floor wax; let dry between coats.
Don’ts: Avoid abrasive cleaners.

5. Vinyl, no wax
To clean: Vacuum and damp-mop with an all-purpose cleaner recommended for no wax
floors.
To polish: Surface should have a permanent shine, but if it becomes dull in high-traffic areas,
apply a commercial gloss-renewing product.
Don’ts: Avoid solvent-based products or cleaners with pine oil, strong soap, hot water or
abrasives.

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 (Excerpts from Managing a Household by Dismore)
Review of Lesson 1.2
A. IDENTIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Direction. Write the word TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if it is not correct. Write your
answer in your notebook.

1. Damages such as crack, broken or torn should be repaired or replaced immediately to

avoid any form of accidents

2. Sealing is an application of a solution which protect the glaze of the tiles, makes the
floor look better, cling together and last longer.

3. Finishing of floors is accomplished through the application of wax or floor shine and
polishing thereafter using a floor polisher.

4. Used abrasive cleaners when cleaning glazed ceramic tiles.

5. Solvent based products, strong soap and hot water should be used in cleaning
linoleum.

ESSAY
Direction. Identify the pictures below describing what type of cleaning procedure is
demonstrated. Explain briefly using the scoring rubrics below.

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____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ Scoring
Rubrics for Essay

Criteria Percentage

Content 5%

Delivery 2.5 %

Creativity 2.5 %

TOTAL 10 %

C. FIELD WORK
Direction. Visit at least two households in your community and request to
interview housekeeper in relation to proper procedures and techniques in cleaning
the floor. Document the interview and make a report to be presented in class.

Lesson 1.3
FLOOR CARE AND MAINTENANCE
Each area of the house needs proper care, maintenance and
supervision to enable household tasks done properly and effectively.

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 Floor surfaces require as much as other parts of the house daily cleaning. It is not
enough if we do not utilize the proper materials and equipment used in cleaning different
types of floors.

The idea is to identify the type of cleaning tools, materials and other implements to
use in keeping and preserving the beauty and quality of the floors.

The process of vacuuming, sweeping, dusting and mopping is applied to maintain the
good condition of the floors.

Below are the cleaning equipment, tools, and supplies needed for floor
maintenance

Cleaning Equipment

Carpet Extractor Carpet sweeper

It is a designated for dry

foam shampooing of
carpets. It removes dirt
Used to pick -up dirt and
that sticks to or penetrates
particles from the carpet.
into the carpet layers.

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Floor polisher Hydro-Vacuum or Wet and

dry vacuum

It is used in scrubbing, stripping It is an all -purpose vacuum for

and polishing hard floor surfaces dry and wet surfaces. It is also
and also vinyl, wood parquet, used for absorbing water in
etc. flooded or wet surface.

Vacuum cleaner

It is used to eliminate dust particles

from carpet surfaces, upholstered
furniture and even hard surfaces.

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 Cleaning tools and materials

Broom Cleaning cloth Dustpan

It is used for It is used for cleaning It is used to collect

sweeping the floor. It and dusting the floor dust and any type of
can be plastic or stick dirt with soft broom
broom.

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Hand brush Floor Scraper Mop with mop handle

It is used to remove
embedded dirt on top of It is used f or scraping It is used for manual
hard floor and stubborn hardened dirt floor mopping
dirt on top of the carpet.

Mop head Mop Wringer Push brush

It is used to maintain the

It is used to remove cleanliness of the finish
It is used for wringing / floor or some of the
embedded dirt on the
squeezing mops hard
sides and corners.
floor.

Scrubbing pads Stripping Pad

It is used to remove
It is used for floor stubborn dirt on top of
scrubbing and polishing hard floors

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 Cleaning chemicals

Polish Stripping Chemicals Wax

Used to polish smooth

surfaces made of wood, It is used for stripping It is used for polishing
leather or metal. the floor the floor

Cleaning and maintenance of the floor should be a daily routine.

Vacuuming is a cleaning process that uses an air pump (vacuum cleaner) to

remove loose dirt and dust, usually from floors, and optionally from other surfaces
as well. The dirt is collected by either a dust bag or filter for later disposal

Here are the steps in maintaining the floor:

1. Sweep the floor with clean broom, dust mop, or cleaning cloth to remove dirt
and litter.
2. Mix 1 part of cleaning solution with about 4 parts water. Use higher dilution if
the area will be disinfected.
3. Apply the cleaning solution on the floor with a wet mop. Let the solution
penetrate on floor for 2 minutes. Use warm water for its best cleaning results.
4. Spray buff regularly with buffing chemicals. Spray 2 – 3 squirts on the floor,
then buff immediately to restore the shine. Damp – mop the floor regularly
with the help of a cleaning agent.

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Floor type Cleaning Procedure
1. Asphalt Use mild detergent or soap
Rinse with clear water Dry
immediately with mop or
wet/dry vacuum
2. Linoleum Use a mild detergent solution: avoid
alkaline solutions Rinse with clear
water
Remove water immediately with
wet/dry vacuum
3. Rubber Use a mild detergent solution
Rinse
Remove water promptly
4. Vinyl Use a neutral detergent solution.
Rinse.
Dry with a wet/dry vacuum
5. Ceramic/ Use neutral cleaner to avoid
Quarry warping of the tile; apply with mop.
Remove cleaning solution; rinse
thoroughly.
6. Concrete Use a neutral cleaner
For stubborn soil accumulations, use
a slightly alkaline solution. Never
use an acid solution to
concrete tiles
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Precautions
Avoid use of oils or solvents to
prevent discoloration and
excessive wetting to prevent tile
warping.
Avoid excess wetting; use
adequate furniture rests to avoid
indentations of the floor.
Avoid direct sunlight and
lubricating oils because the tile will
crack, dull and chalky.
Avoid excessive wetting to prevent
tile warping; extreme brightness
and scratches.
Ceramic tile is very durable but the
grout base is susceptible to
crystalline salt damage. Avoid
crystalline salt solution to avoid
damage to ceramic tiles.
Avoid colored coating in moisture
or high traffic areas; Neutralize
excess alkalinity before painting or
sealing; Very porous; should be
scaled immediately to avoid
dusting and deep penetration of oil
and dirt
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7. Marble Use a neutral cleaner Seal with penetrating sealer.
Rinse thoroughly
Dry with soft cloth to avoid
streaking.

8. Terrazzo Use a neutral detergent and air dry. Very porous; coating advisable.

9. Wood Floor must be sealed before any

types maintenance program can be used:
Sweep, dust mop (water treated) or
damp mop in commercial settings,
Wood block for flooring; use a
neutral cleaner,
Never clean wood floor with soap
and water.

10. Granite Use water with very mild detergent.

Review of Lesson 1.3

A. MATCHING TYPE
Direction. Match the item in Column A with those in Column B. Write
the correct letter in your answer sheet.

Cleaning Equipment
A B

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____1. Used to eliminate dust particles from carpet

surfaces, upholstered furniture and even hard
surfaces.

____2. An all purpose vacuum for dry and wet

a. Floor polisher
surfaces.
b. Vacuum cleaner
____3. Used in scrubbing stripping and polishing
hard floor surfaces and also vinyl, wood parquet,
c. Carpet extractor
etc.

____4. Used to pick-up dirt and particles from the d. Room boy’s cart
carpet. /trolley

____5. It is designated for dry foam shampooing e. Hydro vacuum

of carpets.
f. Carpet sweeper

Cleaning Supplies and Materials

A B

____1. Used for scrubbing and polishing a. Cleaning

purposes. cloth

____2. Used for scraping hardened dirt b. Scrubbing

pads
____3. It is used for wringing/ squeezing mops
c. Mop with mop
____4. Used for manual floor mopping handle
____5. Used for cleaning and dusting the floor
d. Wax

e. Floor scraper

f. Mop wringer

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B. GROUP DISCUSSSION
Direction. The class will be divided equally with three members in each
group. Then each group will explain the use, care and safety precautions to
consider in the following floor types given. Put your answer in your notebook.
Scoring rubrics below will be basis how familiar you are in doing safety
precautions

Congratulations! You finish

learning the basic principles of flooring
and its safety precautions. Now let’s see
Criteria Percentage
how skilled you are in doing furniture
Content 5 % and maintenance.
and fixtures cleaning
Delivery Are you
2.5ready?
% Let’s begin…
Creativity 2.5 %
TOTAL 10 %

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Learning Outcome 2: Clean

furniture

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learner is expected to:

1. Give the different types of furniture
2. List down proper care and maintenance of furniture
3. Identify the different types of stain
4. Perform safety procedures and techniques in removing stains on furniture as
per standard operating procedures.

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 This foregoing lesson on proper procedure in cleaning and maintenance
of furniture gives you on the classification of different furniture together with its
types and functions and how one can be perform with standard operating
procedures.

Different types of stains problem with its corresponding remedies is also presented,
which will systematically guide and help you in doing your task correctly.

Lesson 2.1
TYPES OF FURNITURE

Furniture makes ones place lively and attractive. Chairs, sofas, tables,
beds, curtains, pictures, telephone and other home décor makes our home
and even offices more suitable for living and working.
The kind and types of texture, form and color of furniture and fixtures
depend upon the personality of the person.

Types of Furniture
1. Free standing
 can be moved or arranged relatively. Accumulates dust, dirt, behind,
above and beneath it.

2. Built – in
 It is removable which can be moved from one area into another.
Wardrobes and kitchen includes in these type

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3. Fitted
 Includes items like shelves and headboards. Use of alcoves and
recesses ensures good use of space.

4. Cantilevered
 supported or only one end can be quite effective from a design
perspective.

5. Upholstered
 Sofas, armchairs are in this type. Suitability of fabric needs to be
considered, as does ease of cleaning and maintenance.

6. Antique
 Usually very expensive, can be impractical, risky and difficult to replace
and repairs often need to be carried out by a specialist

Below are some of the common examples of furniture, fixtures and fittings

Furniture
- Armchair - coffee table
- easy chair - dining chair
- bed - dining table - television cabinet
- bedside table - dressing table - wardrobe

Fixtures and Fittings

- Air conditioning - pictures - bathtub
- carpets - locks - lavatory
- CCTV - signs - fire alarms
- doors - taps and faucets - towel racks
- lightening fixtures - telephone - toilet roll holder

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 Principles to follow when arranging furniture

Furniture should be arranged for convenience, comfort and attractiveness. The

economy of space, beauty, unity, use, variety, balance and individuality are some of
the essential rules that everyone should consider for proper arrangement.

a. Spacing – Avoid using too large and heavy furniture across a corner and in
small room instead small pieces like chair and table may be placed in a
corner for interest and good design.

b. Beauty – Arrange the furniture in a more interesting style where there is a

center of interest. Television, radioand eye – catching display could be put
into center to attract family members and even visitors.

c. Unity – Furniture of the same kind should be grouped together and furniture
used for certain activity should be grouped together. In bedroom, the
clothes, closets and the dresser should be near each other. Group furniture
of similar heights together.

d. Variety – Different kinds of furniture may be grouped together according to

its function. If they will be used together. A small piece of furniture may be
placed across a corner. Large pieces should be parallel to the wall.

e. Balance or restfulness- Two sides of a center of interest in an

arrangement should be equal and interesting. Three small pieces can
balance one large piece.

f. Individuality- Furniture arrangements reflect the personality of

the one living in the home and style it according to our taste.

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Review of Lesson 2.1

A. CLASSIFICATION

Direction: Below are furniture, fixtures and furnishings which are found in a house.
Write letter A if it is furniture, B for fixtures and C for fittings. Write answer in your
notebook.

_________ _1. Armchair _________ 6. Beds

__________ 2. Carpets __________ 7. Doors
___________3. Bathtub __________ 8. Coffee table
___________4. Dining table __________ 9. Telephone
___________5. Fire alarms __________10. Television

B. HOME VISITATION
Direction: Visit the house of your relatives or friends and request to see the
different areas of the house. Then be able to list down different types of
furniture, fixtures and fittings found in the house. Also observe which
principle in furniture arrangement has been applied. Write your observation
in an index card (5 x 8) and request the signatures of the owner.

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 Lesson 2.2
FURNITURE CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Furniture’s and fixtures are important part of the interior decoration of the
home. Knowledge of care and maintenance of the furnishings will help dealing its
value, form and texture. One needs to learn the techniques and procedures in
handling furniture and fixtures so we can maintain and store it’s quality and
beauty. One should purchase materials and supplies such as vacuum cleaner,
brushes, buckets, rags, and cleaning solutions that will help daily cleaning
activity.

Below are some guides for successful care and maintenance for furniture and
fixtures:

1. Use cleaning solution for a better and shiner results to furniture’s.

2. Wipe and dust all corners, inner and outer parts of the furniture using a clean
cloth such us old diapers, terry towels, cotton knitwear or flannel.
3. Apply glass cleaner in cleaning glass furniture for shinier results.
4. Use a clean cloth to wipe different types of fixtures but may use a cleaning
solution to selected fixtures for a better results.

For upholstered furniture:

• Use a vacuum cleaner to remove any loose dirt from the upholstered
furniture. Vacuum it regularly.

• Use a detergent mixture in cleaning but test in inconspicuous spot

to avoid discoloration. Scrub the upholstery with the detergent mixture
carefully.

For Wood furniture:

• Use cleaning cloth to remove dust and loose dirt.

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• Use a wood cleaning solution to remove stains from the surface of the
furniture.

In general, the care and maintenance of the furnishings involve shampooing every six
months or as needed and vacuuming daily or once a week.

Review of Lesson 2.2

A. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Below is a table with a given list of
furnishings. Write correspondingly in Column B the cleaning technique and in
column C the materials needed for each furniture and fixtures given.

A B C
No. Furniture and fixtures Cleaning technique Materials needed
1 Sofa

2 Cabinets

3 Tables and chairs

4 Telephones

5 Computer

B. CLASS DEMONSTRATION
Direction: Group the class into five. Each group is provided with a type of
furniture’s and fixtures. Each member of the group will demonstrate the cleaning

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 procedures and techniques. After the activity, the group will assess their
performance using the scoring rubrics below.

SCORING RUBRICS FOR CLASS DEMONSTRATION

Criteria Percentage
Proper application of the procedure in cleaning the 50 %
furniture and fixtures.

Proper application of the use of cleaning solutions 30 %

and materials

Appropriate and effective selection of cleaning tools 20 %

and materials

TOTAL 100 %

1. Use cleaning solution for a better and shiner results to furniture’s. 

2.

Lesson 2.3
TYPES OF STAIN
Stains are colored patch or dirty marks that is difficult to remove. It is a
normal problem that every household always encountered. Accumulated dirt
and neglect in care and maintenance are some major factors that contribute to
this major household problem.

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Restoring the beauty and elegance takes time and patience, but the results can
be enjoyed for years even for generations. Today there are lots of cleaning aids
to restore the shine, texture, and form of the furnishings at home.
Below are three main types of stains with its degree and sources.

Types Degree Background Sources

1. Protein stains Easy These are the easiest stain to Food stains
remove by just completely such as egg,
rinsing in cold water with cool milk, yogurt,
biological soak. and cheese
sauce

2. Tannin (wet) Moderate These are direct liquid spills Alcohol,

stains that respond well to hot perfume, inks,
water, but will set melted ice,
permanently if you use any lollies, fruit
kind of soap. juices, tea and
coffee.

3. Greasy (dry) Moderate These are stains that are Adhesive,

stains result from product with fats automotive oil,
and oil that can be removed baby oil,
with hot water and detergent. candle wax,
carpet glue

4.Other stains

a. Combination Difficult Combination of two or more of Ballpoint

stains types of stain. It can be group to ink,
Type A an Type B. Type A stains barbecue
have protein, grease/ wax and dye sauce,
elements; while Type B have calamine
grease, wax and dye elements. lotion,

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b. Dye stains Difficult These are stains found naturally in
cherries and blueberries, and is
added to other foodstuffs like
mustard and blue ice-lollies.

c. Special stains These are stains that do not fall

any specific grouping such as
scorch and chewing gum.

d. Organic stains These are stains resulting from

natural atmospheric conditions
such as alkaline stains, mildew
and tarnish.

e. Industrial stains These are stains resulting from

building or Do It Yourself work.

f. Chemical stains These are stains result from

chemical spills.

g. Lacquer stains Difficult These are stains that easily dry

rapidly, so do not allow it to dry out
to treat it easily.

h. Unknown stains These are stains whose source

cannot easily identified but can be
recognized using sense of smell

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Assignment 8.1-4

WORD HUNT

Directions: Puzzle below contains different types and sources of stains. Look for
the five sources and be able to give its remedial methods. Put your answer on your
note book.

E K C A N D I E S L I S H E R
A N G R I N D E R N D I C B M
I I C B C X I T B G R A T U R
N F P O T S C U S P O N G T S
K E W B H V E L Y L A R D T S
U T U R N E R B O S T E R E U
U R T O Q M I L K T E E R R
M S L I C M T O N G H G H M I
C B R O O M T E D S P O O J N
U K M E C O N O P E N E R Y G
P O B R P J E F F R E Y O O N

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 Lesson 2.4
PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES OF STAIN
REMOVAL ON FURNITURE

Stain removal is one of the difficult part of cleaning task. Rust, ink, bloods,
butter, and oil are some of the common causes of this problem. Knowing the type of
stains will effectively dissolve and thus remove the spots.

In removing the stain, apply fewer chemicals rather than more. Repeating the
process will be more effective rather than using a large amount to do the job faster

Stain Removal Chemical

Product Content
Alcohol (rubbing) sopropyl alcohol
Ammonia Ammonium hydroxide
Carpet shampoo, carpet Isopropyl alcohol
stain remover
Color remover Sodium hydrosulphite
Nail varnish remover Acetone

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Petroleum – based Trichloroethylene (TCE),

solvent and dry-cleaning perchloethylene (PERC)
fluid (K), petroleum distillates
Rust remover Oxalic acid, hydrofluoric acid
Turpentine Terpene

Stain Removal Natural Product

Alcohol
• A very effective multi purpose, tough satin remover

Ammonia
• Solid as a liquid in bottles but is actually a gas, dilute in water for
convenience.

Cigarette ash
• Excellent ultra- light abrasive for removing alcohol stains from wooden
furniture.

Milk
• Effective soak for ballpoint ink, red juice and newsprint stains.

Rottenstone
• Very fine abrasive powder that is used to polish lacquered or
varnished surfaces after coarse rubbing with pumice stone.

Turpentine
• Used as a thinner of oil paints, varnishes, and enamels turpentine
(turps), which is good on difficult oil – based stains like asphalt and
tar.

White vinegar
• Natural, mild bleach that dissolves dirt and grease and acts as a water
softener.

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General Rules on Removing Stains

Physical and chemical methods are the two types of removing the stains.

• Physical method is a process through absorption of waterbased stains or

through removal in friction.

• Chemical method is the use and application of chemical solutions.

Physical Method (Absorption water based stains)

1. Wash hands and put on gloves

2. Use cloth or paper towel to absorb the liquid.
3. Always start from the outer edge of the stain and work towards the
middle; this prevents the spreading of the stain.
4. Dispose of the cloth or paper towel when the task is completed.
5. After use, all tools and materials should be checked, cleaned, and dried
and returned to the storage area. 6. Remove gloves and wash hands

Physical Method (Friction removal water staining)

1. Wash hands and put on gloves

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 -

2. This involves scraping, brushing, rubbing, or scrubbing to remove dried-

on stains.
3. It is important to rub gently to avoid damage to the surface.
4. Always start from the outer edge of the stain and work towards the
middle.

39
 5. After use, all tools and materials should be checked, cleaned, and dried
and returned to the storage area.
6. Remove gloves and wash hands.
7. Note: never rub the stain into the carpet / fabric
8. Should the friction method does not work use the chemical method.

Chemical Method

1. Wash hands and put on gloves

2. Prepare the cleaning solution in a well- ventilated area.
3. Poor a small amount of the chosen cleaning solution onto the stain.
4. Allow the cleaning solution to have a contact time with the stain.
5. Using a scraper and cloth, start from the outer edge of the stain and work
towards the middle until the stain is removed.
6. Dispose of the cloth when the task is completed.
7. After use, all tools and materials should be checked, cleaned, dried and
returned to the storage area.
8. Remove gloves and wash hands.

Do’s Don’ts

  Don’t give up after one application

Treat the stain promptly

 Test for colorfastness and damage before Don’t forget to rinse.
applying any solutions to the furniture
 Don’t rub at liquid stain spots, as
 Read carefully proper care, maintenance you will simply spread the stain
and manual of instructions of the products further and might damage fibres.

Start and choose the simplest method of Don’t use a colored cloth on stains.
 
removing the stains. Use a clean white cloth or kitchen
towels.
Store chemicals out of the reach of children
 and away from food products. Don’t use solvents on
 inflammable stains like petrol
Do the work from outside of the stain and diesel. Don’t mix products,
 inwards to prevent stains from spreading.  especially bleach and ammonia.

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Some tips to remove stains on furniture and fixtures

1. Any food containing milk that spills on furniture surface should be wiped
immediately. The effect of lactic acid on wood furniture’s will create stains. To
remove the stains, dip your finger in liquid or paste wax or coconut oil. – or
even moistened cigar ash and rub the solution over the damaged area. Then
re-wax.

2. Items such as perfumes, medicines, beverages, or other alcoholbased

products leave rings or spots that can cause damage. Treat them with the
same method use for milk or cream stains.

3. Watermarks or rings spots on furniture surface can be treated with a non-linty

cloth moistened with coconut oil. Use a clean cloth to wipe the affected area
immediately, at times, be remedied by placing a clean, thick blotter over the
ring and pressing it with an iron (not too hot) until the ring disappears.

4. Candle drippings and marks left on furniture can be removed by hardening the
dripped candle wax by holding an ice cube in it a few seconds. Crumble off as
much wax as possible with your fingers then gently scrape with a dull, plastic
spatula. Rub briskly with cloth saturated with liquid wax, then wipe dry with a
clean cloth.

5. Oil stains caused by butter, salad dressing, cream and the like can be remove
by placing a white blotter soaked in lighter fluid over the spot and let it dry.
Repeat the process several times if the stains bleach it with an application of
hydrogen peroxide (not the antiseptic kind but the commercial solution) to
which a drop or two of ammonia has been added.

6. If acid marks appear due to spilled fruit juices or spots from alcohol, it is
advisable to sand the area gently with fine sandpaper. Then rub with the shine
putty (tin oxide) using a damp, soft cloth.

7. After the stains have been removed, protect the furniture; especially marble by
applying furniture wax, which makes furniture shiny.

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 Review of Lesson 2.4

A. ESSAY
Direction: Discuss briefly the physical and
chemical method of removing stains on furniture and fixtures.
Put your answer on your notebook.

Physical method Chemical method

_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Removing of
_____________________________
stains and spots
_____________________________
____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
____________________________
____________________________

B. CLASS DEMONSTRATION

Direction. Divide the class into five groups. Choose a group leader and check the
type of furniture assigned to your group. Work on removing the stains seen on the
furniture. Lists down the procedures and technique applied in removing the stains
including cleaning agent and materials. Make a group report and submit to your
teacher. Scoring rubrics is provided to assess the performance of the group.

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 -

SCORING RUBRICS ON REMOVING STAINS

Highly Skilled Skilled Moderately Unskilled (24- No attempt

30% (30-29) (28-27) Skilled 23) (22-21)
(26-25)

Proper and Appropriate and Appropriate Appropriate and Never selects,

effective effective and effective effective selection, prepares and No attempt to
use of selection, selection, preparation and use use tools/
tools, preparation and preparation use of materials appropriate equipment to
equipment, use of materials and use of and materials and task given
and and tools materials and tools/equipment tools/
materials tools/ some of the time. equipment
/equipment all the
equipment
time.
most of the
time.
30% (30-29) (28-27) (26-25) (24-23) (22-21)

Work Systematic Systematic Systematic Never follows No attempt to

Application application of all application of application of systematic apply
Procedure work procedure all work work procedure application of procedure to
the time even procedure some of the time procedure and the task given
without proper most of the with constant highly
supervision time with supervision development
minimum
on supervision
supervision
25% (25-24) (23-22) (21-20) (19-18) (17-16)

Safety and Highly self- Self- Self- motivated Needs to be Not motivated
security motivated and motivated and and observes motivated and and totally
work habits observes all observes sometimes some does not disregards
safety and most safety of the safety and observe safety safety and
security and security security and security security
precautions all the precautions precautions in precaution in precautions in
work work
time most of the work
time in work

15% (15-14) (13-12) (11-10) (9-8) (7-6)

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Speed/Time Finished the Finished the Finished the Finished the No work at all
work ahead of work on time work close to work beyond
time given time the given time.

Post Test
A. MULTPLE CHOICE
Direction. Read the statement carefully and write the
letter that best describes the statement. Put your answer in
your answer sheet.

1. Type of floor that is durable, versatile and not easily pierced.

a. hard floor c. vinyl
b. soft floor d. terra cotta

2. Type of floor which is durable, lightweight, easy to clean, and has anti
bacterial properties.
a. bamboo floor c. linoleum
b. concrete d. marble

3. Mixture of sand and cement with gravel, broken stone and other elements.
a. ceramic c. linoleum
b. concrete d. terra cotta

4. Similar to linoleum but it is more durable and highly resistant to moisture.

a. rubber flooring c. wood floors
b. pebble washout d. vinyl

5. Floor surface texture developed through intense heat treated with sealer and
very porous.
a. bush hammered c. sawn
b. flamed d. tumbled

6. Major consideration for successful flooring

a. spacing c. surface texture
b. styles d. versatility

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7. The function of white scouring pads in cleaning

a. cleaning painted surfaces
b. cleaning glass mirrors
c. cleaning marble and porcelain
d. all of the above

8. The process which includes clearing, stripping, sealing and finishing

surfaces.
a. bed making c. washing
b. floor cleaning d. sweeping

9. The process that uses a lightly wet mop to clear the floor with dirt and soil.
a. damp mopping c. floor stripping
b. dust mopping d. plain polishing

10. Floor cleaning process which involves elimination of embedded dirt, oil and
old layers in the floor.
a. finishing c. sealing
b. maintaining d. stripping

11. Removing dirt and trash from floor using sweeper and trash.
a. Shampooing c. spray buffing
b. Sweeping d. vacuuming

12. The process of elimination of embedded dirt on floors using a vacuum

cleaner.
a. extraction c. spray buffing
b. plain polishing d. vacuuming

13. Cleaning equipment used for dry foam shampooing of carpets.

a. carpet extractor c. floor polisher
c. carpet sweeper d. vacuum cleaner

14. Equipment for cleaning and dusting the floor.

a. cleaning cloth c. mop
b. dustpan d. scrubbing pads

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 15. The removable furniture that can be moved from one area to another.
a. antique c. cantilevered
b. built – in d. upholstered

16. Classification of sofas and chairs in furniture selection.

a. cantilevered c. free standing
b. Fitted d. upholstered

17. Below are examples of fixtures and fittings except one:

a. air condition c. wardrobe
b. doors d. telephone

18. One of the principles to follow when arranging furniture.

a. budget c. time
b. color d. unity

19. Easiest stain to remove by just completely rinsing in cold water with cool
biological soak.
a. Greasy stains c. Protein stains
b. Organic stains d. Tannin stains

20. These are stains that do not fall into any specific grouping such as scorch
and chewing gum. .
a. Combination stains c. Organic stains
b. Dye stains d. Special stains

Congratulations! You successfully demonstrated tasks and

responsibilities prepared for you in the previous four sets of sessions. It’s
time for you to answer Post Assessment that will evaluate you further.
Let’s begin!

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