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CONSOLIDATIONS
(ASC 810)
JEFF PAESL & KYLE HOFELDT
AGENDA
• 3 METHODS OF ACCOUNTING FOR INVESTMENTS IN OTHER
ENTITIES (VOTING INTEREST APPROACH)
• VARIABLE INTERESTS ENTITIES
• CONSOLIDATED VS. COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
• FIN 46 UPDATE
• RECORDING JOURNAL ENTRIES AND ELIMINATIONS RELATED
TO CONSOLIDATIONS
3 METHODS USED TO ACCOUNT FOR INVESTMENTS IN ANOTHER ENTITY
• COST METHOD
– Typically investment is less than 20% interest in common stock.
– Recorded at cost & dividends are recognized as income.
• EQUITY METHOD
– Typically investment is 20%‐50% interest in common stock.
– Investor recognizes its share of earnings or losses of the investee.
– Dividends received are recorded as reduction of the investment.
– Contributions are recorded as an increase to the investment.
• CONSOLIDATION
– Entities where the investor has a “controlling financial interest”
– Usually investments that exceed 50% of the voting shares.
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VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (VIE)
• EXCEPTIONS TO THE “VOTING INTEREST APPROACH”
– Controlling financial interest may be achieved through arrangements
that do not involve voting interests if they meet either of the two
following criteria:
• 1) The entity’s equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk for the
legal entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated
financial support.
• 2) As a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk lack any one of
following 3 normal characteristics of a controlling financial interest
– The power through voting rights or similar rights to direct the activities of the
legal entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance.
– The obligation to absorb the expected losses of the legal entity.
– The right to receive the expected residual returns of the legal entity.
WHEN TO LOOK FOR A VIE
• IF THE CLIENT
– Leases real estate or equipment from a related party
– Makes loans or other advances to a related party
– Guarantees loans of another party (often a related party) including
shareholder personal guarantees
– Pledges collateral as security for loans of another entity (often a
related party)
– Make cost or equity method investments into start up entities and
then also loan the investee funds
COMMON VIE EXAMPLE
Owner
100% 100%
Real Estate, LLC
Operating
VIE
Company
Mortgage
Lease at Market
Rate Terms
Bank
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TYPICAL ELIMINATION ENTRIES
– Elimination of parent company investment in subsidiaries (investment
account should reflect parent’s portion of the subsidiary’s current year
earnings) and elimination of subsidiary equity accounts.
– Intercompany Sales and Cost of Sales
– Intercompany notes or other receivables/payables and the related
interest
– Intercompany overhead expenses
– Intercompany rent income/expense
CONSOLIDATED VS. COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
• CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
– The financial statements of a consolidated group of entities that
include a parent and all its subsidiaries presented as those of a single
economic entity.
• COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
– The financial statements of a combined group of commonly
controlled entities or commonly managed entities presented as those
of a single economic entity.
EXAMPLE:
CONSOLIDATING JOURNAL
ENTRIES
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QUESTIONS?