Abdul Haadi

O3S

Q: Define mitosis. Describe its role in growth of body and repair of old parts? 5

Mitosis is the nuclear division of a cell such that the daughter nuclei
produced contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
For example, a cell of the human body has 46 chromosomes and after
mitosis, each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes, making them
genetically identical. For the growth of a multicellular organism, the new
cells need to be produced by mitoses to ensure the proper growth and
development of organism and to ensure the continuity of life in a proper
way. Mitosis plays an important role in the repair of worn-out parts of the
body. For example, each time when we brush teeth and rinse our mouth,
hundreds of dead and worn-out cheek cells are being shed into the saliva.
The process of mitosis is constantly replacing these dead cells. Mitosis also
helps to heal the wounds.

Q2: Define meiosis. How it produces haploid gametes. What is the importance of haploid gametes? 5

Meiosis is the nuclear division of a cell such that the daughter nuclei
produced contain the half the number of chromosomes as the parent
nucleus. Diploid cells in the reproductive organs (testis in male and ovaries
in females) divide to form gametes by a process called meiosis. During
sexual reproduction, two gametes (male and female) fuse to form a zygote.
This means that the two gametes must have only the half the number of
chromosomes as the zygote. Since the gametes contain only half the
number of chromosomes as the parent cells, which produced them, they
are referred as Haploid. The gametes must be haploid to perform sexual
reproduction and make zygote, which has full number of chromosomes.

Q3: What is affiliation of mitosis with asexual reproduction and meiosis with sexual reproduction?
Explain with examples? 5

Mitosis has an affiliation with asexual reproduction. Asexual

reproduction is the duplication of the genetic material from a parent
Abdul Haadi
O3S

organism to create a new organism. In mitosis, also, the cell first makes the
division of nucleus and thus the parent cell divides itself into 2 daughter
cells, which are like each other. This means these both are common as the
offspring will be genetically identical to the parent. By this, many bacteria
and fungi reproduce by mitosis to make genetically identical offspring.
Somatic cells are able to multiply and allow human body to develop and
grow by the process of mitosis.

On the other hand, meiosis has affiliation with sexual reproduction, as

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes
in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. This process is
required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction. By
meiosis and sexual reproduction, the offspring that is produced is unique.
In sexual reproduction, sex cells (gametes) from two parents combine in the
process of fertilization, leading to the formation of a new, genetically
distinct individual. Diploid cells in the reproductive organs divide to form
gametes by meiosis. During sexual reproduction, two gametes fuse
together to form a zygote. This means that the two gametes must have only
the half the number of chromosomes as the zygote.
Abdul Haadi
O3S

Q4: What is haploid and diploid chromosome? Explain with help of

drawings. 5

The term haploid refers to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm

cells or the cell that has single set off chromosomes. In humans, gametes
are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes. These are half the number
of chromosomes as the parent cells.

The Diploid is a cell that has paired chromosomes. In humans, cells other
than human sex cells, are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which
means they have 46 chromosomes in total. All the body cells have diploid
number of chromosomes except the gametes.