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Expansion-Joints-In-Piping-Systems CAUx PDF
Expansion-Joints-In-Piping-Systems CAUx PDF
Expansion-Joints-In-Piping-Systems CAUx PDF
© Intergraph 2014
Quick Agenda
Introduction
Review of Expansion Joint Assemblies
Selecting and Locating the Appropriate Joint Assembly
Calculating XJ Demand
Modeling Details
Evaluating the Joint
Closing Points
© Intergraph 2014
Purpose/Advantages
39’ of Pipe
4 Elbows
6+ Welds
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Purpose/Advantages
Pump with XJ
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Disadvantages
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A review of Expansion Joint
Assemblies (in CAESAR II)
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Single Untied Expansion Joint
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Single Untied Expansion Joint
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Single Tied Expansion Joint
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Single Tied Expansion Joint
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Hinged Expansion Joint
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Gimbal Expansion Joint
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Universal Expansion Joint
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Tied Universal Expansion Joint
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Other Configurations…
(Swing Expansion Joint)
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Other Configurations…
(Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint)
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Other Configurations…
(Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint)
Lateral deflection is
affected by XJ stiffness
but not pressure thrust
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Additional Hardware…
(Guides)
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Additional Hardware …
(Anchors)
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Additional Hardware
(Pressure Thrust Considerations)
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B31.3 Statements on Pressure
Thrust at Expansion Joints
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Expansion Joints Flexibility
Summary
Pressure "axial & used with a bend or tee on center piece so it may be considered
Balanced lateral" lateral, provides axial flexibility without additional pipe supports
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Expansion Joint Assembly
Proper Selection
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Expansion Joint Assembly
Proper Selection
© Intergraph 2014
Expansion Joint Assembly
Proper Selection
Pipe is quite rugged. High loads and stresses in the piping usually
do not justify the installation of an expansion joint.
The equipment to which the piping is attached is another story.
In many cases the piping attached to rotating equipment may be loaded
to only 5% of its allowable expansion stress limit so that the pump,
compressor, or turbine loads do not exceed their allowable limits.
This low load limit must be handled in both the cold and hot piping
positions.
Adding or adjusting supports should reduce the cold loads on the
equipment, but the change between the hot and cold loads is a
function of the thermal loads and the piping flexibility – incorporating
an expansion joint is one way to increase flexibility and reduce load.
© Intergraph 2014
Expansion Joint Assembly
Proper Selection… Example
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Expansion Joint Assembly
Proper Selection… Example
Global MY Global MX
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Expansion Joint Assembly
Proper Selection… Example
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Expansion Joint Assembly
Proper Selection… Example
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Expansion Joint Assembly
Proper Selection… Example
B. Tied joint on either leg B or leg C
A tied joint in leg C would provide flexibility for
both horizontal legs
C. One or more hinge joints may also serve the
purpose (e.g. a swing joint on leg B with
vertical pins)
© Intergraph 2014
Calculating Demand
Restraints added in
Y, RX & RZ
between 20 & 21*
© Intergraph 2014
Calculating Demand
The expansion stress case indicates the free deflection required of the
expansion joint, the differential between joints 20 to 21 indicates…:
𝛿𝛿𝑥𝑥 = 0.8808 − 0 = 0.8808
𝛿𝛿𝑧𝑧 = −0.9997 − 0.0460 = −1.0457
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 2 + 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 2 = 0.88082 + (−1.0457)2 = 1.367 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
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Joint Selection
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Joint Selection
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Range of Expansion Joint Models
Capable CAESAR II
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Modeling Details
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Modeling Details
Select the
Expansion Joint
Box and enter the
following: 1.
3.
Flexible Length
Effective Inside 4.
Diameter
5.
Axial and Lateral
Stiffness 2.
Bending Stiffness
(Optional; Blank Here)
Torsional Stiffness
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Joint Flexible Length
(Actual vs. Overall Length)
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Joint Flexible Length
(Actual vs. Overall Length)
+4 +3.5”
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Effective Joint (Inside) Diameter
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Effective Joint (Inside) Diameter
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Effective Joint (Inside) Diameter
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Joint… Axial and Lateral Stiffness
For the example, axial stiffness and lateral stiffness may be read
directly from the catalog: Kax=689 lb./in and Klat=1301 lb./in.
Lateral stiffness can also be derived from the equation above to be:
𝑲𝑲𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 = 3⁄2 ∗ 11.781 2 ∗ 689⁄ 10.5 2 = 1301 lb/in
© Intergraph 2014
Joint… Bending Stiffness
CAESAR II will determine the Kbending based on the Klateral Stiffness; It is therefore not
necessary or recommended to enter both values.
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Joint… Bending Stiffness
Both the expansion joint catalog (and the expansion joint database
in CAESAR II) indicate 209 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 � 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙/𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑, Why?
© Intergraph 2014
Bending… Stiffness vs. Flexibility
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Bending… Stiffness vs. Flexibility
Example
Flexibility
Free Deflection
Recall that bending flexibility is 209 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 � 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙/𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 & bending stiffness is 834 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 � 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙/𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4*209 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 � 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙/𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 834 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 � 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙/𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
© Intergraph 2014
Zero-length Expansion Joint
“Bending flexibility”
entered
Zero-length XJ defined
between 15-16
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Zero-length Expansion Joint Results
Moment
Free Deflection
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Expansion Joint Modeling
Example
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Expansion Joint Modeling
Example
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Automated Expansion Joint Model
Without XJ
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Reanalyze with the Expansion Joint
Nozzle check still exceeds API 610 limits but by less than 2 times.
(API 610 Annex F checks may still qualify this pump.)
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Joint Evaluation
Unity Check
Here’s what the Pathway catalog indicates:
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Joint Evaluation
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Joint Evaluation
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Joint Evaluation
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B31.3 Concerns
Hardware strength
All hardware associated with pressure thrust control must be
designed for these loads
Leak Testing
Temporary hardware is not permitted in the leak test
Expansion joints are often shop tested
Shop tested joints need not be included in the piping system’s
leak test
© Intergraph 2014
Stiffness Model vs. Geometric Constraints
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Stiffness Model vs. Geometric Constraints
Applied Force = 1000 lbf; 100 times the small load increase
Rotation increases by a factor of 100 = -120 degrees
Deflection increases by a factor of 100 = -251.4 inches
© Intergraph 2014
Stiffness Model vs. Geometric Constraints
Introduction
Review of Expansion Joint Assemblies
Selecting and Locating the Appropriate Joint Assembly
Calculating XJ Demand
Modeling Details
Evaluating the Joint
Closing Points
© Intergraph 2014
Expansion Joints in Piping Systems
(Treasure Chest)
Questions?
Comments?
Ideas?
Thank You
© Intergraph 2014