NTNU WORKSHOP, MAY 23RD, 2017

Modern Power System Protection -Trends and Demands

SECRC
Jianping Wang
Contents

• External Power System Changes

• Market Requirement and Main Trends
• Protection Application Trends
• Digital Substations
• Wide Area Protection
• HVDC Protection

| Slide 2
Challenges in Power Grids in Nordic Grids (Added Renewable Sources)

Source: Challenges and Opportunities for the Nordic Power Systems (August, 2016) published by Statnet, Fingrid, Energinet/DK, Svenska
Slide 3 Kraftnet (links: www.svk.se)
Nordic Countries-Example of Lower Inertia and Frequency Quality
Decreasing

Source: Challenges and Opportunities for the Nordic Power Systems (August, 2016) published by Statnet, Fingrid, Energinet/DK, Svenska
Slide 4 Kraftnet
Power System Challenges in Developing Countries
China, India, South Africa, Brazil, etc.

-Sources are located quite far away from the load centers
Long transmission lines are needed
-Multiple Connections from source to the load centers (HVAC+HVDC)
-High Short Circuit Currents reach to the Circuit breaker interruption capability
-Simultaneous commutation failure in HVDC links
-Power system low frequency oscillations

Slide 5
Typical Example of Long Distance Transmission Systems
China South Grid-Actions on UHV transmission systems

CSG total installed capacity=243 GW by end of 2015. Source: IEEE Power &Energy Magazine, Volume 14, Nr.4,
P72-78, July/August,2016
Slide 6 From source side to load side:
500 kV Transmission lines=8, +/- 800/500 kV lines=8, transmission system capacity=35 GW
Larger Disturbance Workshop-Records

243 GW

Large Disturbance Created in China

Central East
2012 “8.8” Accident: China
China
One 500 kV AC Line short circuit Grid Grid
4 HVDC Commutation Failures
Power and Voltage Oscillation occurs
2013 “7.5” Accident:
One 500 kV AC Line short circuit
4 HVDC Commutator Failures
Power and Voltage Oscillation occurs
System impact: 4.53 GW power lost
and restoration needed to use spin reserve to pick up load.

| Slide 7
Source: CIGRE 2014 B4 Session in Paris
Power System Protection Requirement
Speed, Selectivity, Sensitivity, Reliability
• AC Transmission line Distance Protection • Digital Substation Structure and
• Power system • Fault analysis and •
protection Communication
dynamics Power System
Transient Calculation • Differential Protection
• Generator/Transformer/ • Protection Algorithms
Rationale

• Frequency
Control • Speed/Sensitivity Bus protection • Travelling Wave
Proteciton • Phasor/Time domain Signal
• DC Transmission line Calculation
• Subsynchronous • Reliability
resonance protection • Sensitive Fault protection
• Voltage/current transformer
• Wide Area Protection transient
• Voltage stability

G cables M -273 generator unit tripped

~/= ~/= G
HVDC station Wind farm Load -50 Million peopled affected

Application Knowledge Power System Stability: System Blackout related with Generator Damages Due to failure
Critical Fault Clearing time protection in US & Canada in in protection
2H d 
2
  Pm  Pmax Sin 2003/08/14
 dt 2

| Slide 8
Market Requirement and Trends for Power System Protection
Market Requirement:
Power system availability (reliability, stability).
Speed, selectivity, Sensitivity and reliability of a protection system
Renewable sources added in power transmission systems with new requests
Main Trends
Conventional protection function improvement
High sampling rate related applications and Function integrations
Further improvement in protection dependability and security
System related issues are combined such as subsequence resonance
detections
Monitoring and diagnosing using protection platform
IEC61850 applications and Digital Substations
Wide area protection(System Integrity protection) and Cyber Security
HVDC and FACTS related Protection Solutions

| Slide 9
Power System Protection-Evolution on protection technology
Phasor Time Traveling
Electromechanical
domain domain wave
• Reaction time • Reaction time • Reaction
• Reaction
depends on the can be traded depends on
depends on
energy between security measurement
filtering method
• Highly reliable and equipment time
• Well developed
dependability scale
technology set

• Protection • Criteria based on CT/VT improvements+

schemes based differential (hardware Availability)
Power system measurement of equation: Travelling Wave Detection
protection 50/60 Hz • Vf=V-(Ri+L di/dt)
ΔU1,ΔI1, ΔU2,ΔI2

research phasors: Vf=V-ZI

Time to trip Time to trip Time to trip

around 20ms around 10ms around 5 ms

| Slide 10
Travelling Wave and Time Domain Applications
Fault location and protection
Bus 1 Bus 2

 Fault location based on Travelling wave theory F

 Conventional Overhead lines

 Cables
 Mixed lines
 New Protection Application Functions Based on Travelling
Wave Theory

Time
 Travelling wave based high speed protection for AC transmission lines
 Travelling wave based HVDC protection
 Time domain protection based on directional detection
 Superimposed principle
 Others

May 22, 2017 Slide 11

Proofs –Allocation for function/logical nodes/functional consolidation

Function Library Hardware Platform PAC Application

REG670
G
PDIS PDIF PDIF
21 HZ REF
RET 670
PDIF PDIF PDIF
87B 87L 87T
PIOC PIOC POCM REB 670
50 50N 51/67

PEFM RBRF PUVM

51/67N 50BF 27
REL 670
POVM PTOF PTUF
59 81 81

PVPH PTTR
24 49
PSCH RED 670
RSYN
25
RREC
79
RBRF
50BF
Communication
REB 670
CSWI MMTR MMXU

RET 670

RED 670

RET 670

May 22, 2017 Slide 12

Proofs – Example with free allocation
PDIS PDIF PDIF PDIS PDIF
21 HZ REF 21 HZ
PEFM POCM
PDIF PDIF PDIF 51/67N 51/67
87B 87L 87T RREC RSYN
79 25
PIOC PIOC POCM
50 50N 51/67 MMTR MMXU

PEFM PUVM REL 670

PGPF
51/67N 27
PDIS PDIF PDIF
POVM PTOF PTUF
21 HZ 87L
59 81 81
PEFM POCM POVM
PVPH PTTR 51/67N 51/67 59
PSCH
24 26
RREC RSYN RBRF
RSYN RREC RBRF 79 25 50BF
25 79 50BF RBRF RED 670
MMTR MMXU
50BF
CSWI MMTR MMXU

PDIS PDIF PDIF RBRF

CSWI
21 HZ 87T 50BF

PEFM POCM POVM RBRF

CSWI
51/67N 51/67 59 50BF

RREC RSYN PVPH RBRF

CSWI
RET 670
79 25 24 50BF

PTTR RBRF CSWI

MMTR MMXU 50BF
26

May 22, 2017 Slide 13

Proofs – Example of Functional consolidation
Reduced footprint, hardware and infrastructure

Comparison of digital vs. traditional solution for static VAr CB

500 kV

compensator (SVC) project 23 kV

 4 ABB Relion relays vs. 14 traditional relays

 

50% reduction in number of panels – 4 to 2

 
R R R R


Kent Wikström
October 11, 2009 | Slide
3

Main protection - traditional relays Main protection - digital substation

| Slide 14
Proofs – Example of Functional consolidation
Reduced footprint, hardware and infrastructure
Reduction in panels from 3 to 1

Conventional Digital

Control Protection -
subsystems
79-2 87L

Control 50 87L P&C 1

67N
Control 50 P&C 2

Control 67N
21 79-2
BBP & CBF
21 50 87B, 50BF

14 protection & control devices 2 protection & control devices Advanced protection solution
(Electro-Mechanical system could add 3 including busbar From 3 panels to 1 panel
devices per function) protection/backup

| Slide 15
Applications - ABB‘s process bus applications
Process level equipment – sensor technology
AIS / GIS Voltage level Current/ Application Description Status
voltage
ABB NCITs with IEC 61850-9-2 merging units
ELK-CP3, GIS 170 – 550kV Current & voltage Protection, control, Redundant, combined U/I Commercial operation
ELK-CP14 revenue metering NCIT, since 1998. Since 2011
U: capacitive divider, I: with IEC 61850
Rogowski coil
FOCS LTB AIS 420kV Current Protection, control Redundant optical CT Pilot installation since
integrated in 2010
disconnecting circuit
breaker
FOCS FS AIS 72 – 800kV Current Protection, control, Redundant optical CT, free- Under development
revenue metering standing

ABB stand-alone merging units for conventional instrument transformers

SAM600 GIS & AIS any Current & voltage Protection, control, Modular IEC 61850 process Ready for pilot
operational metering bus I/O system with installations
modules per primary
object

SAM600 GIS & AIS any Current & voltage & Protection, control, Modular IEC 61850 process Under development
breakers, revenue metering bus I/O system with
disconnectors… modules per primary
object

Slide 16
ABB‘s digital substation product portfolio-Overview

Remote control
Substation interface and HMI (Station level)
ABB SAS 600 systems

Protection and Contol (Bay level)

IEC 61850 station bus
Relion family control and protection IEDs

Interface to Switchgear (Process level –

NCIT)
ABB NCITs for GIS, CP-MU merging unit for
IEC 61850 process bus
ELK-CP14 and ELK-CP3 (current and voltage)
ABB LTB with integrated
Fiber Optic Current Sensor FOCS-MU (current only)
Process level – stand-alone merging units
SAM600 modular process bus IO system

Slide 17
Proofs - ABB’s experience with NCITs and process bus
Some project highlights …..

Pilot installation Pilot installation Pilot

Pilot installation Real installation Pilot installation Pilot installation Real installation
Braemar, AU Laufenburg, CH installation
Bäsna, SE Loganlea, AU Bickigen, CH Bodelwyd., UK 5 more inst., AU
GIS NCIT, GIS NCIT, FOCS NCIT, GIS NCIT,
Nehden, DE
GIS NCIT, GIS NCIT, GIS NCIT,
670series 670series, REB500 670series 3rd party NCIT,
670series, REB500 670series, 3rd party 670 series 670series, REB500
REB500

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Slide 18
Wide Area Monitoring (WAM) Systems
Today’s ABB Solutions
PSGuard
Wide Area
Protection

RES521

RES670

Slide 19
HVDC Line Protection-For Multi-terminal Systems and Embedded HVDC
System
• HVDC transmission will be more and more in the power systems
• Voltage source converter (VSC) based HVDC links shows advantages in
interconnections.
• Protection solution for HVDC lines is naturally required with the
development of HVDC connections, especially for Multi-terminal HVDC
(MTDC) transmission systems.
• Topics related with HVDC protection: Fast Protection, Line Differential
Protection, System Wide Protection, High sensitive protection, etc.

| Slide 20