JAKEDA Detailed Project Report for Dudhpathri SHP

A_ Rouf Infra Energy Pvt.
Limited Project
Detailed Project report JAKEDA Department of science & Technology
Table of Contents
Part – I
S.no. Chapter no. Name of Chapter Page no.
01. Executive Summary ii - iv
02. Check List vi - ix
03. Abbreviations ix- xi
04. Salient Features xii - xvii
05. Chapter – 1 Introduction 1 - 27
06. Chapter - 2 Survey & Investigations 28 -30
07. Chapter - 3 Hydrology 31- 65
08. Chapter - 4 Power Potential 66 - 82
09. Chapter - 5 Geology 83 - 91
10. Chapter - 6 Civil Engineering Structures 92 - 124
11. Chapter – 7 Electro Mechanical Works 125 - 137
12. Chapter – 8 Construction Methodology 138 - 143
13. Chapter – 9 Construction Materials & Specifications 144 – 164
14. Chapter – 10 Construction & communication Facilities 165 – 166
15. Chapter – 11 Environment & Ecology 167 – 188
16. Chapter_ 12 Rate and cost 189 - 234
17. Chapter _13 Financial 235 - 298
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page i

A_ Rouf Infra Energy Pvt. Limited Project
Executive Summary
Hydropower is one of the prime resources of Jammu and Kashmir and the state
Govt intends to accelerate harnessing this potential as an integral part of its economic
development. vide Order No.10-PDD of 2017 dated 11.01.2017, Govt has enhanced
Jammu & Kashmir Energy Development Agency (JAKEDA) Hydro Power development
mandate from 2MMW to 10 MW to implement all Mini/Small Hydro projects up to 10
MW capacity in Jammu and Kashmir Province of the State. (JAKEDA) as a nodal agency
under Science and Technology Department shall be co-ordinating and promoting
development of these schemes and has planned to invite private entrepreneurs to
undertake hydroelectric power generation with fetching incentives allowed by the
Government of India and fully supported / reinforced by State Government. The nodal
agency through two tier tendering process has awarded the Dudhpathri SHP in favour of
M/s Rouf Infra Energy Pvt. Ltd. Company for implementation/Development under policy
referred hereafter. Small Hydro Power Program is one of the thrust areas of power
generation from renewable sources in the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy as it
has been recognized that these projects can play a critical role in improving the overall
energy scenario of the country and especially in remote areas of the state. The Ministry
is encouraging development of small hydro projects both in the public as well as in the
private sector.
In order to encourage Private Developers participation in Small/mini/micro

hydropower projects JAKEDA has produced customary Policy which provides various
incentives to them. Key incentives under the policy are:
 The Government land for Power Projects would be allotted on lease for 40 years at
premium of Rs. 1 per sq. m. However, in case of non-availability of Government land, IPP
will purchase land in the name of CEO, JAKEDA and will be leased out to IPP. JAKEDA will
also help and facilitate in acquiring of the land.
 No entry tax would be levied by the State Government on import of Power
generation/transmission equipment and building material used for SHPs.
 Exemption from court fee for registration of documents relating to lease of land would
be granted to the IPPs.
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page ii

 3% interest subsidy would be payable on the working capital facilities available from the
commercial banks to IPPs for a period of 5 years initially from the date of allotment and
this will be reviewed after 5 years.
 10% subsidy on capital investment subject to the ceiling of Rs.60.00 lacs would be given
in addition to the central subsidy for the power projects from 1 MW to 25MW after
successful installation & commissioning of the project.
 Royalty @ 12% would be charged after the period of 10 years from the date of
commissioning of the Hydro Projects up to 25 MW capacities.
 IPP would be eligible for central financial assistance as per the standing guide lines of
MNRE, GOI.
 The projects awarded under this policy would be exempted from the “Water User
Charges” for a period of initial 10 years from the Commercial operation Date (COD) and
furthermore on the plea of Developers Forum, the matter has been taken up by the state
Government to provide relaxations for the projects involving Design discharge up to 25
Cumecs.
With these incentives the economics of Small and mini hydro-electric schemes
has substantially improved for public utility organisations and private entrepreneurs
proposing to take up such schemes. The development of energy from renewable
resources is a very important step in the reduction of CO2 emissions and also a heavy
demand of power in the country and in particular for Jammu and Kashmir has increased
the need to utilize renewable energy sources at a top priority.
It is proposed to develop a small hydro power project (Dudhpathri SHP as a run-
off-the-river scheme) on a small tributary of Shaliganga Nallah at Dudhpathri in District
Budgam. The various essential steps that have been followed to evaluate the proposed
scheme for its feasibility and successful completion do include Evaluation of the water
resource and its generating potential, Site selection and basic layout, Type and selection
of Hydraulic turbines and generators and their control, environmental issues with
mitigation measures, Economic evaluation of the project with financing potential, and
the detailed discussions with civil contractors and Electro- mechanical equipment
suppliers to obtain their necessary consents along with civil, electrical and mechanical
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page iii

engineering aspects including proposal of optimal installed capacity, and finally to

produce proposal in the form of Project report.
Revision to the project report envisaged to the earlier was sought by the Developer by
shifting Head works site to the higher elevation in optimising the power potential of the
stream in lieu of various factors like, provisions for enhancement of the capacity as per
the revised mandate of JAKEDA and shifting of power house location as per the
requirements of Dudh pathri development authority, utilising the stream flow with
maximum remuneration.
The water will be diverted by constructing a diversion structure across the

stream to run 2 number turbines. The generated power from the project is proposed to
be evacuated at 33KV to the nearest PDP sub-station at Arizal which is 10 KM away
from Power house. Gross Energy of 30.50 million units have been estimated for the 75%
dependable year discharges as per guide lines, the financial feasibility of the Project has
been based on the same.
Some of the important features included in the Project report are enumerated as under:
 All the minor issues relating to environment, related with the project have been taken
into consideration while conceiving the scheme including necessary release of
sacrificial discharge for aquatic life/irrigation requirement beyond Diversion site.
 There is no. Submergence of any land at u/s of Head works even during floods.
 JAKEDA has been in touch with Jammu and Kashmir Power Development Depart to
facilitate the infrastructure facilities for evacuation of power from such projects,
Though as per the requirement the proposed transmission line has been placed at
11KV but due to the system voltage and availability of receiving stations concerns in
Jammu & Kashmir, provisions in the project report relating to the cost of 33 KV line
and other connected items as such, have been taken care while framing the estimated
cost of Project.
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page iv

Project minutiae are enunciated below.

 Available Gross Head 157.96 m
 Rated Discharge 4.6 Cumecs
 Net head corresponding to above discharge 153.51 m
 Total installed capacity 6.0 MW
 Horizontal Axis Francis Turbines having synchronous generators directly coupled
to the turbine are proposed.
 Power shall be generated at 3.3 KV, stepped –up to 33KV and evacuated via 33
KV Transmission line from outdoor switchyard to sub-station of JKPDD.
 Cost parameters are as below.
o Capital cost (Civil and E & M) Rs.47.05 Cr
o Project Cost including IDC and interest on loan and other soft costs complete
Rs.54.20 Cr
o Cost per Kw Rs. 0.90 Lac
o Internal Rate of Return 19.6%
o Average debt service coverage ratio 1.8
o Construction Period 30 months
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page v

CHECK LIST
Name of the Project : Dudh Pathri SHP
Location
i. State : Jammu and Kashmir
ii. District : Budgam
Iii Village : Dudh Pathri
Category of the Project Planning : MNRE SHP
Has the overall development of the Streams /canal been : Yes

prepared and stages Of development discussed briefly
Have the alternative proposals been studied and their merits : Yes
and demerits
discussed;
Have the detailed topographical surveys been carried out for
the following items and drawings prepared
i. Stream :Yes
ii. Head works survey (weir or diversion structure) :Yes
iii. Desilting Tank :Yes
iv. Site :Yes
v. Water Conductor system :Yes
vi. Power house, switchyard, tailrace :Yes
vii. Penstock :Yes
viii. Communication etc :Yes
Geology
Have the geological surveys for Head Works power house and
tail-race etc been carried out for report on general
Geology of site of principal structures : appended
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page vi

Foundation Investigation
Have the foundation investigation for the Major civil structure : Yes
and of the scheme etc. been carried out?
Hydrology and Meteorological Investigation
Have the hydrology and metrological Investigation been : Yes

carried out, and status of data discussed in report?
i. Rainfall in the catchment : IMD data used
ii. Gauge and discharge data of the system : Discharge measured
Hydrology
Have hydrology studies been carried out : Yes
To establish the availability of water for the dependable flow :Yes

has been computed from measured discharge
Land Acquisition and Resettlement (Wherever Applicable)
Have the provisions for land acquisition and resettlement been : Yes
considered?
Have the socio-economic problem seen : no such problem is anticipated
Design
Has the layout of the project area, viz; location of diversion

structure, workshop sheds, offices, camps etc been finalized
:Yes
Have the preliminary designs been prepared for the following
components?
i. Diversion structure of intake etc : Yes
ii. Penstock and water conductor system : Yes
iii. Power house, switchyard : Yes
iv. Power house equipment, LT/HT : Yes
v. Switching equipment and control and protection equipment : Yes
vi. Communication facilities : Yes
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page vii

Power Benefits
Have the following points been discussed?
i. Total energy production & installed capacity of the grid system Production generated shall be
& How does the scheme fit into Existing system? fed in the existing grid at Arizal
ii. Energy generation from the generation Projects firm power, : estimated annual Gross energy
seasonal Power and total power. based on 90%, 75% and 50%
dependable years shall be 28.01,
30.50 and 31.66MUs
iii. Proposal for transmission and /or Connection to the existing : The transformer located in the
system Etc (wherever applicable) project switchyard shall be
connected to the Arizal sub-
station of JKPDD Via proposed
10 km long transmission Line
supported on steel poles.
iv. Cost of project per KW of installed per generated as compared : Cost of project per KW installed
to the various Micro-Hydel Project & various services. is Rs 90000/-The project is
economically viable.
Construction Program
Are the major components of work proposed to be done : Through IPP

departmentally or through contractor?
Have the year/ month –wise quantities of the following items
been worked out for various component of the project?
i. Excavation-soft hard strata : yes
Ii Earth work in filling (wherever applicable) :Yes
iii. Stones for masonry work : Yes
iv. Coarse aggregate for concrete : Yes
v. Steel of various size and type of Reinforcement : Yes
vi. Cement concrete : Yes
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page viii

vii. Other materials, P.O.L, Electricity etc. : Yes
Estimate
Is the estimate prepared? : Yes the estimate has been
Have the analysis of rates for various Major items of work prepared upon the analyzed
been done? rates as per the present market
Ecological and Environmental Aspects
Is the area likely to have any environmental and ecological : Not applicable
problems due to the altered surface water pattern and
preventive/corrective measures discussed? (Wherever
applicable)
Camps and Building,
Has the planning of the camps/building been done : Yes
Soil Conservation
Has the planning of the soil conservation Measures in the : yes

project been discussed?
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page ix

Abbreviations/ Symbols used In Project Report

JAKEDA - Jammu & Kashmir Energy Development Agency
JKSPDC -Jammu & Kashmir State Power Development Corp
JKPDD -Jammu & Kashmir Power Development Department
CEA - Central Electricity Authority
IMD - Indian meteorological Department
PWD - Public Work Development
SAIL - Steel Authority of India Limited
ACC -Associated Cement Company
IEC - International Electro technical Commission
IS - Indian Standard
IREDA - Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency
NGO - Non – Government Organisation
USBR - United State bureau Of Reclamation
CWC - Central Water Commission
KW - Kilo Watt
MW - Mega watt
KV - Kilo Volt
KVA - Kilo Volt Ampere
KWh - Kilo Watt (1KWh =1 Unit of Electrical)
LT -Low Tension
HT - High Tension
P.O.L - Petrol Oil Lubricant
H.E. - Hydro Electric
T-G - Turbine- Generator
E&M - Electrical and Mechanical
DG Set - Diesel Generating Set
PLF - Plant Load Factor
Km - Kilometre(s)
M, m - Meter (s)
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page ix

cm - Centimetre (s)
mm - Millimetre(s)
Km/hr - Kilometre per Hour
Cumecs - Cubic meters Per Second
Cusecs - Cubic Feet per Second
m3/sec - Cubic metres Per Second
Sq.km -Square Kilometres
NA - Not Applicable
MDDL -Minimum Draw Down Level
HFL - Highest Flood Level
EL - Elevation (Above Mean Sea Level)
0C -Degree Celsius
RCC - Reinforced Cement Concrete
RD - Reduced Distance
FSL - Full Supply Level
DPR - Detailed Project Report
U/S - Upstream
D/S - Downstream
GTS - Great Trigonometrically Survey
G-D - Gauge –Discharge
T&P - Tools &Plants
IDC - Interest during Construction
Rs - Indian Rupees
O&M -Operation and Maintenance
% -Percent
WDV - Written Down Value
SLM - Straight Line Method
LS - Lump Sum
IRR - Internal Rate of Return
PBDT -Profit before Depreciation &Taxes
DSCR - Debt Service Coverage Ratio
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page x

EPC - Engineering Procurement & Construction

WCS - Water Conductor System
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page xi

SALIENT FEATURES
1. Location
i State Jammu & Kashmir
ii District Budgam
iii Town Khansahib

Srinagar-Budgam-Dudh Pathri-
iv Access Road
Road
v Village Dudh Pathri
2. Geographical Coordinates
i Longitudes H/W 74°33'3.91"E
ii Latitudes 33° 50'26.11"N
D/B 74°33'6.81"E
33° 50'30.25"N
F/B 74°33'36.24"E
33° 50'50.47"N
P/H 74°33'47.15"E
33° 50'49.55"N
3. River Catchment
i Catchment up to Headwork’s 70 Sq-Km
ii Nallah/Stream Shaliganga
iii Tributary River Jhelum
4. Hydrology
Catchment area of Nallah up to Diversion
i 70 Sq-Km
Weir site
ii Climate Data :-
a) Precipitation (Avg. Rainfall) 1200 mm
b) Precipitation Max. 1600 mm
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page xii

iii. Atmospheric Temp.
a) Max. 30 0C
b) Min. (-) 0130C
5. Medium Head Scheme
Diversion Structure (Head works)
Weir
i. Type of Structure Trench Type (RCC)
ii. Length 15.00 m
iii. Width 2m
iv. Pond Level (with 50% Clogging) 2959 m
v. Bed Grade in Trench 1 in 10
vi. Discharge at Intake 6.4 Cumecs
vii. Average Bed Level of Nallah 2960.00 m
viii. Shingle Flushing Discharge 0.92 Cumecs
ix. Shingle Flushing Pipe Diameter 0.6 m
x. Sill Elevation of Flushing Pipe 2956.90 m
xi. Sill Elevation of Intake service Gate 2957.70 m
6. Water Conductor System Intake Tunnel
i. Supply Channel- RD 0 m to 139.55 m
ii. Type of Structure RCC Rectangular Channel
iii. Design Discharge 5.52 Cumecs
iv. Bed Width 2 .25 m
v. Full Supply Flow depth 1.6 m
vi. Free board 0.4 m
vii. Bed Grade 1 in 700
viii. Velocity of Flow 1.59 m/sec
7. Desilting Tank (underground) RD 139.55 m to 200.8 m
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page xiii

RCC Single bay with flushing

i. Type of Structure
duct
ii. Design Discharge 5.52 Cumecs
iii. Length (main tank) 45.0 m
iv. Width 6.0 m
v. Depth of water in main part of Tank 4.68 m
vi. Flushing discharge 0.88 Cumecs
vii. Length (upstream transition) 8.25 m
viii. Length (downstream transition) 8m
ix. Total Length including transitions 61.25 m
x. Particle size removal 0.2mm and above
xi. Silt Flushing Pipe Length 45.0m

Through M.S pipe 700mm
xii. Type of Flushing
dia.
xiii. Flushing Control arrangement 700 mm Dia. Sluice valve
8. Power Channel (HRT) RD 200.8m to RD 1264.90
i. Type of Structure D shaped Tunnel
ii. Design Discharge 4.60Cumecs
iii. Bed Width 2.25 m
iv. Full Supply Flow Depth 1.6 m
v. Free board 0.4 m
vi. Bed Grade 1 in 1000
vii. Velocity of Flow 1.33 m/sec
9. Forebay
i. Type RCC Rectangular Tank
ii. Full supply Water Level 2957.46 m
iii. Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) 2955.46 m
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page xiv

iv. Size
a) Length 45.00 m
b) Width 6.1 m
c) Overall Depth 7.0 m
v. Design Discharge 4.6 Cumecs
vi. Maximum Water Level 2957.86 m
vii. Spillway Crest Level 2958.06 m
viii. Storage Capacity Time 2 min.
ix. Live Storage 552 m3
10. Penstocks
i. Number 1 No
ii. Diameter 1.2m
iii. Thickness 8 to 14mm

Each branch Diameter with Bifurcation at
iv. 0.85 mm
lower end
v. Length of main Penstock 300 m
vi. Length of each branch penstock 12 m
vii. Design discharge in main Pipe 4.60 Cumecs
viii. Design Discharge in branch pipe 2.30 Cumecs
ix. Velocity of Flow 4.07 m/sec
11. Power House

Surface RCC framed
i. Type
structure
ii. Head (m):-
a) Gross 157.96 m
b) Net 153.51 m
iii. Size of power house:
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page xv

a) Length (m) 23m
b) Width (m) 15m
c) Height (m) 13.0m
d) Machine Hall floor level 2798.0m
iv. Installed capacity 6.0 MW
v. Turbines :-
a) Type Horizontal Francis
b) Number 2 no.
c) Capacity each 3.0 MW
vi. Type of Generator: Synchronous
vii. Power house crane / lifting tackle capacity 28T
viii. Axis of turbine level 2799.5 m
12. Tailrace
i. Type RCC Rectangular Section
ii. Bed width 4.20 m
iii. Max. Flow depth 0.7 m
iv. Design Discharge 4.6 Cumecs
v. Bed Grade 1 in 500
vi. Free board 0.6 m
vii. Minimum Tail water Level 2799.50 m
viii. Maximum Tail water level 2799.95 m
13. Power
i. Installed Capacity 6.0 MW
ii. Primary Energy 4.0 MU

Total Annual Energy Average Year @ 75%
iii. 30.5 MU
dependability
14. Switchyard
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page xvi

i. Voltage level/basic undulation level 3.3/11KV
ii. No. of Bays One (1)
iii. Size :-
(a) Length 17.0m
(b) Width 13.0m
15. Transmission Line
i. Voltage Level 33kV
ii. Length 10 Km
iii. Sub-station Arizal
16. Hard Cost of Project 47.05 Cr
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page xvii

PART I
Chapter 1
Introduction
Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page 1

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Hydro power is a renewable, economic and non-polluting source of energy. Hydro
power stations have inherent ability of quick starting, stopping and load variations offering
operational flexibility and help in improving reliability of power system. Hydro stations are
the best choice for meeting the peak demand. The generation cost is not only inflation free
but reduces with time. Hydroelectric projects have long useful life extending over 50 years
and help in conserving scarce fossil fuels. They also help in opening of avenues for
development of remote and backward areas. Development of hydro power resources is
important for energy security of the country. It is therefore necessary to prepare a long term
plan of hydropower development.
Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has already covered planning of hydro power projects
during 11th & 12th Plan period. This is one of the major sources of energy throughout the
world and is considered to be a cheapest option. India is particularly interested in this source
of power.
The first systematic and comprehensive study to assess the hydro-electric resources in
the country was undertaken during the period 1953-1959 by the Power Wing of the erstwhile
Central Water and Power Commission. This study placed the economical utilizable hydro
power potential of the country at 42100 MW. The Reassessment study completed in 1987
revealed that the Hydro Electric Power Potential of the country was of the order of about
84,000 MW. In the 11th Plan of Hydro Development a capacity addition of 78,700 MW
comprising of 59,693 MW from thermal projects, 15,627 MW from hydro projects and 3380
MW from nuclear projects was approved during the 11th Plan period. Out of 15,627 MW
hydro projects, 8654 MW was proposed in Central Sector, 3482 MW in State Sector and
3491 MW in Private Sector.
Latest as per the studies carried out by CEA to assess the requirement of additional capacity
during the 12th Plan (2012-2017), the requirement of installed capacity to meet the all India
peak demand and energy requirement at the end of 12th Plan would require a capacity
addition of over 90,000 MW in the 5 years period of 2012-17. In pursuing low carbon growth
strategy, it would be our endeavour to maximize exploitation of hydro power potential. This

is also necessary for energy security of the country. Availability of Hydro Projects for benefits
during 12th Plan
To meet the requirement of additional capacity during 12th Plan(2012-17), a shelf of 109
candidate hydro projects aggregating to30920 MW under Categories ‘A’ and ‘B1’ having
higher level of confidence for realizing benefits during 12th Plan, based on their present
status of preparedness, has been finalised. List of these schemes is given at Annexure 1.1.
The status of these projects (sector-wise) State-wise (sector-wise) break up of identified H. E.
Projects for benefits During 12th Plan is given below:
Annexure 1.1
S.no States Central Sector State Sector Private Sector Total
No MW No MW No MW No MW
1 Himachal 2 816 7 892 6 749 15 2457
Pradesh
2 Jammu & 4 2450 4 1473 0 0 8 3923
Kashmir
3 Uttarakhand 12 4370 7 1655 5 829 24 6858
4 Punjab 0 0 1 168 1 75 2 243
5 Madhya 3 166 0 0 0 0 3 166
Pradesh
6 Andhra 0 0 3 1560 0 0 3 1560
Pradesh
7 Kerala 0 0 6 373 0 0 6 373
8 Karnataka 0 0 2 400 0 0 2 400
9 West Bengal 1 120 2 66 0 0 3 186
10 Sikkim 1 520 0 0 10 1935 11 2455
11 Arunachal 3 1610 0 0 23 7969 26 9579
Pradesh
12 Assam 0 0 1 150 0 0 1 150
13 Manipur 2 1566 0 0 0 0 2 1566
14 Tamil Nadu 0 0 1 500 0 0 1 500

15 Meghalaya 0 0 1 54 1 450 2 504

Total 28 11622 35 7291 46 12007 109 30920
1.2 Power Scenario in Jammu & Kashmir

The state of Jammu & Kashmir is predominantly hilly state endowed with vast water
resources. Large rivers like Chenab, Jhelum and Indus which are snow fed originate in the
high altitudes and traverse through the state. With high gradients and perennial flows, these
rivers along with their tributaries form a formidable reservoir of hydropower in the country.
Although, the state is gifted with rich hydroelectric resources, according to a recent review
conducted by C.E.A the bulk of these resources still remain unharnessed. Since our state is
suffering a major deficiency in power sector, therefore, there are no two opinions about the
fact that power assumes high priority for economic development of the state. The power
deficiency is not only hampering the development process, but also puts a common man to
great inconvenience and hardship. As against the actual requirement during summer and
winter, availability till now has no nearby equation.
Prosperity of an area is now measured in terms of per capita consumption of electrical
energy. The per capita consumption of electricity in the state is relatively lower than the all
India average of 650 KWh as such the need for accelerated power development cannot be
lost sight of. It is really disheartening to note that only about 8% of the available hydro-
electric resources have been developed so far, and another 12% of the potential is under
development. Thus even with the completion of the scheme under construction only about
20 % of the available identified potential would be harnessed. The demand for power in the
state is far in excess of production and chronic shortage of power is being experienced. Our
state still gropes in darkness and this has hindered the overall economic progress in the
state.
A beginning was made as early as in the year 1905 in the pre-independence era when 4
MW Mohra hydroelectric schemes were commissioned in the State. This was subsequently
remodelled to 9 MW and Commissioning of Ganderbal, Chenani, Upper Sindh Stage- II and a
few small hydro-electric schemes followed thereafter. The first major hydro-electric project
commissioned in the state sector was the lower Jhelum Hydroelectric Scheme with an
installed capacity of 105 MW. Vast hitherto untapped power resources to meet the ever

increasing power demand of the state in particular & the Northern region whole in general
need to be picked up fast.
Total Generation capacities in the state build so far.
Annexure 1.2
Name of Power House Size in MW Total Capacity in MW
STATE SECTOR
Jhelum River Basin
Lower Jhelum 3 x 35 105
Upper Sindh-I 2x11.3 22.6
Anantnag 2x3+2x4.5 15
Upper Sindh-II 3x35 105
Pahalgam 3 x 1.5 4.5
Karnah 2x1 2
Chenab Basin
Chenani-I 5x4.66 23.30
Chennai-II 2x1 2
Chenani-III 3x2.5 7.50
Bhaderwah 2 x 0.5 1
Baglihar 3x150 450
Ravi Basin
Sewa-III 3x3 9
Indus Basin
Iqbal 3x1.25 3.75

Hunder 2x0.20 0.40
Sumoor 2x0.05 0.10
Igo-Mercellong 2x1.50 3
Haftal 2x0.50 1
Marpachoo 3x0.25 0.75
Bazgo 2x0.15 0.30
Stakna 2x2 4
Total 759.2
CENTRAL SECTOR
Salal HEP 6x115 690
Uri -I 4x120 480
Dul-Hasti 3x130 390
Total 1560.0
Annexure 1.3 Projects being taken up for the development in State/Central Sector.
Estimated Capacity (
S.No. Name of the Project Name of the Basin
MW)
1. Sawalkote I&II Chenab 1200
2. Baglihar-II Chenab 450
3. Parnai Jhelum 37.5
4. New Ganderbal Jhelum 93
5. Lower Kalnai Chenab 50

6. Kirthai-I Chenab 240
7. Kiru Chenab 600
8. Ratle Chenab 690
9. Kawar Chenab 520
Ujh
10. Multipurpose Ravi 280
Project
PakulDul
11. Chenab 1000
(Central Sector)
Bursar (Central
12. Chenab 1020
Sector)
Kishenganga
13. Jhelum 330
(Central Sector)
1.4 IPP Projects
Name of the
S.No. District Capacity MW
Project
1. Ratle Kishtwar 850.00
10.00
2. Athwatoo Bandipora
(commissioned)
3. Tangmarg Baramulla 10.00 (Commissioned)
4. Hirpora Shopian 12.00
5. Brenwar Budgam 7.50 ( Commissioned)
6. Kahmil Kupwara 4.00

7. Boniyar Baramulla 12.00
8. Mandi Poonch 12.50
9. RanjalaDunadi Doda 15.00 (Commissioned)
10. Drung Kathua 5.00
11. HanswarPaddar Kishtwar 6.00
12. Shukhnag Budgam 9.00
13. Nihama Kulgam 6.00
14. Shaliganga Budgam 4.50
15. Ahlan Anantnag 4.00
16. Gulabgarh Reasi 6.50
17. Boniyar Baramulla 6.00
18. Mawar Kupwara 10.00
19. Erin Bandipora 10.00
20. Chenani IV Udhampur 7.00
21. Shranz Baramulla 10.00
22. Kutmarg Kulgam 7.50
23. Achura Gurez Bandipora 7.00
24. Pomai Aridajan Kulgam 4.00
25. Kutbal Kulgam 3.05
26. Sultanpathri Poonch 3.00
27. Upper Ans Rajouri 3.00

28. Chingus-I Rajouri 3.00
29. Chingus-II Rajouri 3.00
30. Rongdo Leh 9.00
31. Bairaas Kargil 9.00
32. Tamasha Kargil 9.00
33. Girjan Ki Gali Poonch 12.00
1.3 JAKEDA
JAKEDA has invited various agencies to bid for identified projects for the development of this
sector. These will be termed as Independent Power Producers (IPP). These would include any
of the private sector entities, central power utilities, state governments or any other
government entities and their joint ventures. The Projects have been reserved for execution
by IPPs that are permanent residents of State of Jammu and Kashmir. This would include
such IPPs in which permanent residents of J&K hold majority stake. This condition shall,
however, be relaxed, in case the bidding process of the projects so reserved does not result in
adequate & competitive response. The eligibility of the interested parties is being evaluated
on the basis of pre-qualification criteria. Proposals of only those parties are being considered
for bidding who qualify the pre-qualification criteria.
1.3.1 Private sector participation
With the incentives allowed by the Government of India and fully supported / reinforced by
State Government, the private sector has been invited to participate in Mini hydro power
development in the State. The State has decided for selective privatisation of its hydro-
electric potential. The state because of its mountainous topography, snow covered ranges,
many major rivers with large numbers of tributary streams, possesses vast hydroelectric
potential for schemes of all magnitudes, large and small.

MOU’s are being signed by the JAKEDA with private entrepreneurs for development of more
than 100 sites of Small/Mini Hydro projects. Dudhpathri SHP, for which this Detailed Project
Report has been prepared, is one of these. It is a scheme envisaging development of the
hydroelectric potential available on the Shaliganga Nallah, a tributary of River Jhelum, in
Budgam district of J&K state. The features of this stream had earlier been identified by the
JAKEDA as suitable for Mini hydro power development and now the revised project report as
desired by the Developer has been prepared ensuring all technical and financial viabilities as
are in vogue and befitting the given situation.
1.3.2 The Project will be developed by M/S Rouf Infra Energy Private Limited, a company
registered under Companies Act 1956, in year 2012 headed by
1.3.3 An Overview Profile of the Company.
Rouf Infra Structures Pvt limited was specially formed in 2012 to carry on infrastructure
related work in J&K which involved the Kupwara-Handawara Bye-Pass Road contracts along
with other projects. Most recently company has ventured into the hydro power sector with
project allotted by JAKEDA for the development of the small hydro power plant . Since the
company’s inception, it has been growing at a rapid pace across all parameters of growth
and is on a steady course to becoming one of the most reputed and socially responsible
companies of the valley. The management structure of the company involves directors who
are highly motivated.
1.4 Location
DudhiPathri SHP scheme has been identified as a run of the river scheme on Shaliganga
Nallah at village Dudhi Pathri. Proposed Power House is located at village Dudhi Pathri on
Khan Sahib/ Dudhi Pathri road. The site is 17.5 km away from Tehsil head quarter Khan Sahib
and 34.5 km from District head quarter Budgam and 45 Km from Srinagar. Dudh Pathri small
hydropower project is one of the sites identified by JAKEDA for harnessing the hydro
potential of the Kashmir region. The location of the Dudh Pathri SHP and adjoining villages is
shown in the site plan. The scheme proposes to generate 30.50 million units of power in a
75% dependable year. The installed capacity of the scheme is proposed to be 6000 KW from
4.60 Cumecs of discharge with 153.51 m net head.

Shaliganga is primarily a snow melt based stream with some contribution from rain
falls during some months of the year which improves seasonal flows. The duration curve of
the assessed flows in a 75% dependability year is shown in figure 3.2 which gives the
characteristics of the flow. Very lean monsoon flow and substantial summer flow is received
over nearly 35% of the year followed by a 'knee zone' leading to much lower level of dry
season flow over nearly 35% of the year. A comparative examination has been made of the
energy generation possible with different installed capacities and corresponding different
values of installed capacities. Table 4.2 to 4.4 which give the details of energy generation
possible in years of 50%, 75% and 90% dependability for utilisation with some selected
design discharges and corresponding installed capacity.
A comparative examination has been further made of the energy generation with different
installed capacities in Table 4.5. The stream discharge in a year of 75% dependability have
been taken as representative of long term average discharge (in representative range of
values) for carrying out the optimisation studies. the maximum available discharge as per
this series is 6.44 Cumecs and if all available discharges of 75% year up to this maximum
value were to be utilised, the maximum restricted average generation will be 30.50 MU. The
energy generation corresponding to different installed capacities are summarised in the
proceeding tables.
1.4.1 Layout of the Dudhpathri SHP

The selection of particular reach of the stream for hydro development has been made on
the basis of topographical, geological considerations and the developer’s considerations. In
the first instance, a reach of the stream with diversion weir located at down side of the
stream at an elevation of 2793m and power house at an elevation 2247m were proposed
earlier on right side of the nallah. But owing to the fact that the Dudhpathri area is a famous
and fast developing summer tourist place, the tourism department desired that in order to
keep the area free from any developmental activity, the power house location be relocated to
upstream side at least by 500m. Keeping in view the observation of the tourism department,
further examination of the site and detailed topographical surveys were conducted along with
updated recorded discharge series. It was seen that as both the banks rise very steeply, tunnel
option for water conductor system suits the most. Further the appropriate place for power

house location of slightly flatter terrain is available on left side of the Nallah. As per the
contour map of the area, it has been found that the optimum advantage is obtained by
location of the reach with diversion weir at El 2960.0 m and power house at an elevation EL
2802.0m. The modifications to the earlier project report were desired by the developer keeping
in view to safe guard the project with respect to the discharge and head that shall be adopted
for designing the scheme in conjunction to the financial viability within the overall power tariff
scenario of the country. After a review of all these factors, a weir site at new location which is
around 500 m upstream of previous diversion site and power house site at El 2802m was
chosen to have benefits by way of exploring additional length of Nallah which has resulted in
enhancement of generation capacity from 1.6 MW to 6.0MW.
1.4.2 Components of the Scheme
1.4.2.1 Diversion Weir

Shaliganga is a hilly stream and trench weir has been considered as a diversion structure
due to its several advantages in the present case. This structure does not pose much
disturbance to the water way of the river even during flood flows and it may be considered
safe from damage due to rolling boulders during maximum flood flows in this type of Stream.
The trench weir has also the capability to arrest minimum flow effectively and efficiently.
Several small and medium hydroelectric projects have been constructed during the last
fifteen years with trench weir diversions in Himachal Pradesh and at other locations in the
Himalayan Regions of our country. The conventional gravity type of weir which has been
used in the past before the advent of trench weir had to be provided with a structure for
spilling flood waters and for energy dissipation. This work was also subject to involve high
cost and as such stands avoided for due consideration of Project viability. The repair works
can be managed easily during such occurrences with simultaneous debris clearances.
Conventional types of raised-crest weir were not found suited for this stream from cost
benefit analysis. Considering it is a small Hydro project and in particular stream width is
comparatively narrow and steep at Diversion site. In addition if such a weir is constructed
across this stream in the present location, the rise in water level upstream of the weir may
bring a remarkable change in the flow conditions upstream at present location. The
sediments may get deposited upstream of the crest as a result the intake can get easily

choked up under in particular stream having narrow widths. Since diversions are interference
to natural flow regime of the river, the extraction of water changes the flow conditions
downstream of the intake. Undesirable sediment deposition occurs downstream of weir
when too much water is extracted. Conversely, severe erosion downstream of the diversion
occurs when remaining river flow passing downstream is carrying less sediment than its
transport capacity. Moreover, any structural component that protrudes out of the river-bed
(like top of a weir) can get damaged easily by the force of large sediments rolling down with
high velocities during floods due to Stream being narrow and steep.
As such to overcome the above problems associated with raised-crest weir, the most
common type of weir adopted in such boulder streams for MHP was found trench weir. This
is a weir by way of having a Reinforced Cement concrete Trench almost throughout width of
stream. The top of the weir is covered with bottom rack bars, Water while flowing over it,
passes through the bottom racks and enters into the trench and collected in an intake well
located at left bank at the end of the weir. The top edge of the diversion weir has almost
been flushed with the natural bed slope of the stream. The bottom racks shall be consisting
of heavy flat steel bars laid on edge over structural steel Z piece members securely fixed in
concrete side walls and placed parallel with the river flow on the bed level. The bottom rack
bars have been proportioned to carry the weight of the heaviest boulders that are likely to
flow down during the maximum probable flood.
This type of weir has the definite advantage as it does not affect the general bed level of
the stream. Post-Flood clearance of the boulders and debris collected in the trench of the
weir may be found obligatory. It needs to be mentioned here that in spite of the annual
maintenance requirement, this type of weir has been widely adopted in the SHP/MHP
schemes, built in Arunanchal Pradesh, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttaranchal and in few
projects of J & K.
The estimated peak discharge using various methods and take the most
reasonable of them as design discharge for trench weir for a conservative design. Flow in the
stream at its different stages is analysed using the Manning’s equation with appropriate
value of rugosity coefficient along with Flows over broad crested weir. Water while passing
over the bottom rack, enters into the trench due to gravity and remaining flow in the
downstream of the trench in the streams beyond the required discharge max as designed

flow. The flow in the stream with bottom rack is a case of spatially varied flow with
decreasing discharge. The rack is made of parallel bars in panel form with Fixed to MS
channels placed along the direction of flow. Main variables involved in computing the
diverted discharge into the trench are flow characteristics of the stream, geometry and
dimension of the rack, free and submerged flow conditions etc. The racks have been placed
inclined with reference to the approach bed of the river. The inclination of the rack, which is
normally of the order of 1 in 10, is provided at a reasonable slope as per site conditions to
facilitate easy movement of bed load of stream moving over the rack.
It has been assumed that the specific energy of flow shall be constant all over
the longitudinal bottom rack, and from the structural consideration, flat bars have preferred
over rounded bars as flat bars have more flexural rigidity. There is considerable effect of
ratio of thickness of bars t and their clear spacing, i.e. t/s and inclination of bars, the value of
Cd increases with increase of t/s ratio; however, it decreases with the increase of inclination
of bars (SL) for constant value of t/s ratio. Thus for the design flat bars have been adopted.
1.4.2.2 Intake Structure

Intake structure called as Intake Well with vertical lift gates has been proposed on the
left bank to draw water from the pond created in the Trench weir. Intake structure will have
2 no gates as Bulk head and Intake Service gate. The Gates shall be operated through a
lifting arrangement by Chain pulley mounted Hoisting arrangement. During floods Gate
operation has to be properly ensured for its adjustment in height of opening to avoid excess
water entry to the water conductor system. The Intake well shall be made of RCC rectangular
chambers having provision for flow control to the supply channel and Shingle flushing
system. The height of the well has been fixed as per the worked out HFL at Diversion site.
Practical and economic considerations dictate that the water conductor system leading to
powerhouse must be designed and constructed to accommodate combined flows for Intake
well which shall include silt and shingle flushing discharges besides requirement of water for
the overload generation requirements. The trash rack provided at the crest of the weir has 30
mm nominal size openings. The diverted water may therefore carry sediments up to 30 mm
nominal size. It is advisable that majority of these particles are eliminated before the water
enters the inlet channel and further to the sedimentation chambers. To this end, a shingle
excluder has been provided at the end of the trench weir in the Intake well on the left bank to
arrest the entry of the shingles moving along the bed of the trench weir into the inlet
channel. Near this end, the trench weir bed has been given a curved profile to facilitate
rolling down of the bed load (shingles) into a pit. A 1000 mm wide lip, in the form of a
projecting slab may be provided to prevent shingles and other particles collected in the pit to
enter the Feeder Channel. From time to time, shingles accumulated in the pit will be flushed
back into the stream through a shingle flushing MS Pipe of 700 mm diameter, provided at
about right angle to the trench weir axis. The pit may be provided with a slope of 1:11
towards the flushing pipe.
The flushing Pipe also has a slope of about 1 in 40, which is considered to be adequate to
generate non-settling velocity for particles up to 30 mm size. The flushing channel runs along
the left bank of the Stream for a length of about 45m before it discharges back into the
source stream, at about El 2955.90.
To facilitate intermittent flushing, a- 1 m x 1.0 m (H) gate is provided in the shingle flushing
channel. The gate will normally be kept closed and will be fully opened to flush the shingles.
The gate will be operated using a Chain pulley arrangement. A 0.6 m x 3.0 m opening in the
hoist floor slab provides access to the intake bed. It may be noted that, the water conductor
system is on surface; all the structures will be of cut-and-cover type in adjacent to Intake
structure. The maximum flow which shall pass through the intake shall be 6.44 Cumecs.
1.4.2.3 Intake tunnel

The Intake Tunnel is proposed to take off immediately after Intake structure of Diversion
Weir in the shape of '' D"' to provide a rectangular section for flow of water having 0.4 m
free board and semi circular Crown. Intake Tunnel shall be provided with Plain cement
concrete lining covering raft and side walls including freeboard. However the crown part of
the tunnel shall be provided with shotcrete of 50mm thickness. The Tunnel has been found
appropriate keeping in view the topography and other features of the reach through which
open channel or other sections could not be made possible due to terrain being very steep.
The Intake tunnel shall have a length of 139.55 m up to De-silting Basin which is
underground as well. The Length is found sufficient enough to fix De-silting Basin at a
location wherein the flushing can be done into source Nallah just above the HFL at its exit
point. The proposed Tunnel shall be having clear bed width of 2.25 m and full supply depth of

water as 1.6m. Freeboard in the tunnel will be 0.4m, which shall accommodate 10%
overload flow easily.
1.4.2.4 De-silting Basin (underground)
Most of the Himalayan Rivers and rivulets carry a lot of sediment during Rainy seasons and
some times during periods of heavy snow melt. For run-off-the-river plants located on such
streams, it is essential that a de-silting arrangement be provided to trap and exclude
sediment particles in excess of a selected size so as to minimize damage to underwater
turbine components.
The maximum particle size needed to be excluded from the diverted water before
channelized into the water conductor system and finally leading to the turbine is directly
linked to the potential wear of turbine parts due to sediment abrasion, which depends on the
following factors:
• Concentration of suspended sediment
• Hardness of particles
• Size of particles
• Shape of particles
• Abrasion Resistance of turbine parts
• Turbine head
Since inter-relationship between these factors is complex, a universally accepted uniform

criterion is not available for de-sander design. However, in India, the most commonly used
criterion is to design the de-silting tank for such projects that would exclude particles greater
than 0.2 mm with an efficiency of 90% or higher. This criterion could be relaxed somewhat
for installations with Pelton turbines, however, at higher heads, , the criterion of excluding
90% particles greater than 0.2 mm should be, and is, retained.
Type of de-sanding arrangement
Three types of de-sanding basins are considered, namely

• The Hopper type settling basin
• The Du-Four type settling basin
• Basin with vortex tubes
• Bieri Type settling basin
While the conventional settling basin has almost always been employed as preferred de-
sander in hydroelectric projects, use of vortices for removing sediment load from water has
largely been restricted to irrigation projects, with very limited application in hydroelectric
projects. In recent years, merits of using vortex tube type de-sanding arrangement at hydro
project with small design discharges have been recognized and they have been employed at
few hydroelectric projects in Himachal Pradesh and are also being considered at few other
projects.
Hopper type De-silting Basin
Between the two settling type basin arrangements, the Du-Four type is not found suitable at
places. Design calculations show that the length of Du-four type de-sanding basin is more
than the single bay hopper type arrangement and does not suit the topography of head
works area. The structure will extend into higher natural ground and would entail
significantly higher quantity of excavation.
Design calculations for the conventional hopper type basin arrangement are presented
hereafter. The system would have the following characteristics.
One settling basins is provided to improve reliability and enhance operating flexibility, basin
in the form of rectangular tank and provided with sectional area to reduce the velocity of
flow comprising of bed raft laid at 45 degrees each , with a total length of 61.25 m on either
side of the tank inclined towards gutter at the centre of De-silting Basin. This bed raft has
been considered below the water level of full supply depth adopted in tank to slip all silt
contents into the gutter. The Gutter shall be provided with 2% bed slope which is found
sufficient to carry the silt particles along with flushing discharge.
• The flow through velocity in the tank has been taken as 0.2 m/sec.

• Basin is designed to settle all particles of size 0.2 mm and above.
• The settling velocity for 0.2mm size particle is taken as 2.5 cm/sec at 0º C (the water in the
stream is mostly from snowmelt.)
• The flushing discharge is taken as 20% of the plant discharge. And mostly the operation shall
be required during period when discharges are high in the stream as otherwise silt content in
the stream is found to be in significant.
• In order to dispense with the conventional 90ᶿ bend in flushing pipes (which makes it difficult
to clean in case of choking of the pipes), a 0.8m wide and 1.0m high flushing gallery with a
silt flushing channel (cunette) is proposed at the end of Gutter which will be laid
underground. The flushing flow will remain concentrated in the silt flushing channel.
A RCC single Bay underground De-silting basin has been proposed at RD 139.55
m to 200.80 m including U/S and D/S transitions. It has been designed to remove 0.20 mm
and above size particles to avoid its entry to Forebay and Turbines. The size of the main Tank
shall be 45m x 6m x 4.68m with upstream Transition of 8.25 m. However the overall depth of
tank is 6.68 m with Flushing duct at a 2% slope to flush out the silt. The silt finally shall be
carried 600 mm dia. MS pipe to the main stream at an elevation above HFL therein. The
flushing pipe shall be provided with 600mm dia. Sluice valve for its operation. It has been
assumed that during lean seasons the operation shall be minimal. The Design Discharge for
the Tank shall be taken as 5.52 Cumec.
1.4.2.5 Headrace tunnel
Like Intake Tunnel, the Head race Tunnel is proposed beyond the De-silting Basin with D-
shape to provide a rectangular section for flow of water having 0.4 m free board and semi
circular Crown. Free board shall absorb the 10% extra discharge required for over load
capacity of power plant machinery, HRT shall be provided with Plain cement concrete lining
covering raft and side walls including freeboard,, However the crown part of the tunnel shall
be provided with shotcrete of 50mm thickness. Tunnel has been provided as an appropriate
section keeping in view the topography and other features of the reach through which open
channel could not be made possible due to terrain being very steep. The HRT shall have a

length of 1064 m up to Forebay. The Design discharge for HRT shall be 4.6 cumec. The Bed
width shall be 2.25 m and the full supply depth 1.6m.
1.4.2.6 Forebay
The Forebay tank has been adopted as simple RCC Rectangular section. It will have an overall
depth covering minimum water seal required to avoid any vortex formation in the tank.
Further the tank is provided with sufficient bottom seal under the bell mouth in Forebay pool
to prevent entry into penstock of any undue material that may go into Forebay including
provisions for silt depositions. The tank has the basic purpose of absorbing the fluctuations in
the water supplies providing cushion for sudden tripping of the machines. The Forebay is
designed for a storage capacity time of 2 minutes with live storage full supply water level
and minimum draw down water level. The design discharge for Forebay shall be 4.6 Cumec.
The Forebay is provided with an Intake gate arrangement to control flow into Penstock as
per the size of Bell mouth, the hoisting arrangement will be of Double Rope drum electrically
as well as manually operated. Besides provision for removal of silt accumulated in the
Forebay pool has been kept by way of providing 300mm diameter MS pipe with control
arrangement of same diameter Sluice valve. The silt flushing pipe shall be dropped directly
into source Nallah.
The average width available for the Forebay from the toe of the excavated slope on the hill
side is limited to an excavated depth of 4 m to 8 m at an appropriate location on the valley
side where ground level is not lower than the floor level of the Forebay. The sill level of the
intake has been fixed on the basis of requirement of water cushion above the intake opening.
Retaining walls forming the intake structure connect to the excavated slopes to form the
Forebay. The retaining wall has a maximum height of 7.0 m. The Forebay is lined with
Reinforced cement concrete. The Forebay intake is provided with a bell mouth opening for
the penstock and would be of RCC construction. An earth fill cover has also been provided on
the downstream of the retaining walls of the Forebay. LDPE film sheets may be used for the
walls and sides of the Forebay structure to serve as a water proofing membrane. The
excavated hill slope behind the Forebay is also proposed to be stabilized without causing any
damages to an existing road passing nearby to Forebay site on hill side. Further these
safeguards are done as an abundant measure of caution to minimize distress due to seepage
and provide additional stability for the critical Forebay structure. The FSL of the Forebay is EL
2957.46 m and the surplus escape located near the Forebay comes into operation to release
the discharges during the sudden rejection of the load by the turbines.
A sharp crested Escape Bowl stands provided in Forebay for collection of any over flows during
emergency shutdown or for other reasons. The collected water shall be taken to source Nallah
nearby through proposed MS Pipe arrangement. Individual part of forebay is proposed to be
of size 45m x 6.1m, having an overall depth of 7.0 m.
1.4.2.7 Penstock
Single line Penstock with 1200 mm diameter and 8 to 14mm thickness MS Plates having
symmetrical bifurcation at the lower end of 850 mm diameter for feeding two machines in
the powerhouse has been proposed. The penstock shall be exposed and is made to rest on
saddles with anchor blocks at any change of alignment. Since the penstock is exposed as
such expansion joint of approved brand shall be placed at each down side end of anchors.
The Y piece bifurcation shall be laid in plain with proper anchor block as shown in drawing.
1.4.2.8 Powerhouse
The proposed power house has been placed at relatively flat and stable terrace with turbine
centre line level 2799.5m. The Power house shall be of RCC framed structure with brick work
in form of panels in walls. The power house is surface type with Bed Raft/Floor of Reinforced
cement concrete M20 grade. Walls of power shall be of RCC 0.6m above maximum tailrace
water or backfill level. A single leaf gate shall be provided for 2 number openings with chain
pulley arrangement for lifting. The power house shall have to be safe guarded by providing
flood protection Bund. The power house building has been dimensioned in such a way so that
full space is utilised for accommodating two number units of 3.0MW each along with
connected arrangements of Hydro mechanical and Electro mechanical equipment’s and the
structure has been divided into three parts i.e. service bay , Machine hall and Control room
with HT/LT room. The battery bank has also been provided adjacent to Control room and
further more office and on one number wash room has also been adjusted as well.
The Layout of powerhouse building comprises of
 A machine hall consisting of a separate turbine floor and a generator floor.

 A control room housing all the electrical panels required for the operation of the units
including HT and LT Panels.
 An unloading bay and service bay.
 Annexe space and auxiliary space for auxiliary equipment
 Transformer deck.
 Outdoor switchyard.
The centre of turbine is fixed taking into consideration of the hydraulic parameters of the
horizontal Pelton type turbine and the minimum/Maximum tailrace water level has been
provided accordingly with respect to the bottom level of Turbine casing. The floor layout is so
designed to accommodate the trenches to run the power cables from the generators to the
control panels in the control bay. One number E.O.T. crane 28T capacity is provided in the
power house with facility to operate in longitudinal and transverse directions, to handle the E
and M equipment during construction as well as operation stages.
1.4.2.9 Tailrace duct and channel

This structure is used for sending the tailrace waters from power house to Source Nallah. The
tail race channel has been designed as RCC structure with discharge capacity of 40% of one
unit discharge under minimum tail water condition and 110% of full design discharge of both
the turbines under normal and maximum tail water level condition with free board of 0.6 m.
The discharging capacity in each case is determined by Manning’s formula. The channel has
been designed as a rectangular RCC structure up to the bank of the stream and thereafter on
crate construction in the stream bed making it flexible and repairable after flood seasons.
The Tailrace duct shall as per the power house layout arrangement wherein the two
individual exits shall deliver discharge into the common duct after which flow shall be
diverted into channel in form of Tailrace channel so as to maintain the maximum tailrace
water level from Turbine bottom level stand point.
1.4.2.10 Power Evacuation

The power generated from the scheme will be transmitted to JKPDD Receiving Station at
Arizal at a distance of 10 km from the powerhouse. Power shall be supplied through 33 KV
line from switch yard to the receiving station with proper protective measures.

1.5 History and Background

Jammu and Kashmir Government for the last 5 years has been taking various steps for power
generation with the objective of the economic development of the state. This includes the
development of major power projects. Steps have also been taken in the power sector for the
development of mini and small hydropower projects. Jammu and Kashmir Energy
Development Agency has been assigned the charge of the small hydropower projects up to
10 MW. The Dudhpathri hydropower project is one of the projects identified by JAKEDA for
the development of hydropower schemes.
M/S Rouf Infra Energy Private Limited has been allotted implementation of Dudhpathri SHP.
The objective of this Detailed Project Report (DPR) is to study, evaluate and establish the
technical feasibility and economic viability of the proposed SHP. During detailed study for the
purpose, it was revealed that in view of the tourism department’s observations, the Weir had
to be shifted upstream and the final alignment worked out thus suited an underground
water conductor scheme in place of an surface water conductor channel. Under the
circumstances, the DPR was required to be revised and as such the same has been got done
by the developer which envisages that the proposed Headwork’s shall be Trench type weir
with 300m long penstock.
The scope of the report covers the following:
 Review and analysis of hydraulic and other field data

 Formulation of the alternatives for the water conductor system and selection of
optimum scheme from techno-economic consideration
 To carry out power studies in order to determine optimum installed capacity of the
scheme, design parameters of the generating unit and annual generation possible.
 Selection of type, number and capacity of turbine generator units.
 Formulation of the project layout comprising of approach roads, head works on the
river, water conductor system, power house, tail race, outdoor switch yard and power
evacuation
 Details of hydro scheme covering civil, mechanical and electrical aspects.
 Project cost estimates, unit cost of generation and financial analysis.

 And Implementation schedule
1.6 Project Area
1.6.1 Location
The Powerhouse site is located on left side of Nallah Shaliganga at Village Dudhpathri at the
end of Srinaga-Budgam-Khansahib-Dudhpathri road, 17.5 Km from Tehsil headquarter
Khansahib and 34.5 Km from district headquarter Budgam. The powerhouse site shall be
approached through an extension of 0.5 k m approach from the existing road which needs to
be constructed.
1.6.2 Communications
The project site shall be directly connected by the link road discussed above. During the
construction of the project; existing path from Powerhouse to Forebay and to Headwork’s
shall be strengthened for uninterrupted access to all components. The proposed headwork’s
is presently approachable from the main road through a bridle path. As such new access
road is needed for the Headwork’s.
1.6.3 Population, Resources and Socio-economic conditions.
The project area is sparsely populated with the people mainly involved in agriculture
activities. The population of Dudhpathri and its nearby villages is 5000. The resources of the
area are mainly green virgin forests clustered with Kail and Fur trees and deodar in upper
catchment area. The per capita consumption of electricity in Jammu and Kashmir is low and
is far below the national average of 270 kW.
The standard of living of people and status of industrialisation of the state largely depends
upon the extent of the usage of electricity. In order to achieve higher per capita
consumption of electricity, concerted efforts are being made by the Government of J&K for
enhancing substantially the power generation both in medium and large size hydro schemes
as well as in several small size hydro schemes. The share in mini and small schemes has not
been significant. With the availability of more funds for various development works in the
backward and hilly regions in the state, there has been gradual increase in the use of
electricity for various purposes including starting of cottage industries based on local

produce and such other industries which have special significance considering the climatic
conditions and availability of labour at economic rates. As a result, the utilisation of
generated potential shall improve considerably.
The central focus of the state planning is to ensure that the needs of the ordinary people
are met and the quality of their life, especially in the rural areas like this place, is improved.
The state plan seeks to promote rapid overall development and diversification of the
economy and also to strengthen the infrastructure base especially in the hilly region and far
flung areas where the pace of development has been very slow. The implementation of
DudhPathri SHP scheme in the backward interior region of Khansahib Tehsil and surrounding
area will greatly improve the infrastructure and communication facilities and as a result, the
local economy will get the much needed boost thereby improving the quality of life of the
rural mass. Moreover this scheme will have negligible environmental effect and minimum
disturbance to population and other related factors.
Both skilled and un- skilled labour is available locally in the nearby villages. Particular skilled
workmen and technicians for various important works at the power house, Forebay and
diversion weir intake, penstock etc, are not likely to be available in and around the project
area and may have to be brought from the other parts of the state or neighbouring areas.
1.6. 4 Topography
The source Nallah viz. Shaliganga Nallah joined by other small sub-tributaries of the
catchment forms one of the major tributaries of River Jhelum. It starts from Mountain peaks
having latitude of 33ᶿ45′0.01″E and Longitude 74ᶿ28′0.05″E and elevation of 4694 above
MSL. The Shaliganga Nallah is perennial flow Nallah fed by glacial / snowmelt. The Nallah is
flanked by steep mountain slopes on either side or traverses through Dudhpathri and other
nearby villages of negotiating a length of 12.93 Km up to headwork's site. The bed gradient
of the Nallah is fairly steep encountering a number of rapids in negotiating a fall of 1734m
up to Headwork’s Site.
Catchment area up to the project site is of the order of 70 Sq. Km. The portion above
the winter snowline of elevation 3500 m feeds the Nallah by snow and glacier melt.
Minimum discharge in the Nallah occurs during December, January & February. Relatively

high flows during summer months are contributed by snowmelt as well as rainfall in the
catchment.
1.7 Climate
The climate of Jammu and Kashmir varies greatly owing to its rugged topography. In
the South in the Jammu region the climate is typically monsoon very hot and can reach up to
45°C. In the Jammu region towards North-west in the lap of the Pir Panjal range South Asian
monsoon is not longer a factor and most precipitation falls in the spring from Southwest
cloud bands. Annual average rainfall of Dudhpathri region is taken as 1200 mm with winter
precipitation falling in the form of snow depending upon altitude and other meteorological
conditions. As the catchment is located in high altitudes the maximum temperature does not
go beyond 300C, the winters being severe with minimum temperature of -150C.
1.7 Hydrology
For correct estimation of hydrology and selection of proper site for the power plant,
especially in case of a hill schemes, about 15-18 months time are required for recording the
discharge of two seasons. For the purpose of preparation of the Project Report and with a
view to reduce the duration of project development, lean discharge is calculated by
correlation of the discharge data having similar geographical and geological features based
on the catchment area.
DudhPathri is a perennial Nallah starting from an attitude of 4694 m above MSL
and is joined by a number of small tributaries. The precipitation in the area is seasonal/flashy
rainfall during summer and spring: The run-off contributed by melting of snow starts
increasing from April and gradually reaches its peak in the month of July and August. This
gradual increase in the runoff from April to August coincides with the increasing trend of air
temperature. In October the discharge starts diminishing and by the remaining months of
the winter, the discharge fluctuates and shows a minimum discharge sometime in the month
of Dec and Jan.
Due to low winter temperatures, the glacial sources of the Nallah freezes.
However, the water continues to flow underneath. Total catchment area of the Nallah up to
the proposed diversion site has already and previously has been established to b 70 Sq Km.
This has been confirmed by satellite imagery and internet maps. Discharges at Head works
site stand recorded for the minimum required period with help of a temporary Gauge.
About 48 months discharge data has been used to formulate the project report. Firm
discharge series of this period has been used for dependability and optimization calculations.
During the stage of execution, the hydrological data series will have to be updated by the
Developer. For computing the dependability of the discharge, the ten daily mean discharges
have been tabulated and unrestricted energy has been calculated.
The 10 – daily discharges of the 75% dependable year have been used to arrive at the
optimum and the best beneficial installed capacity of 6.0 MW.
1.9 Site Selection

Shaliganga Nallah has a varying grade from the source up to Dudhpathri village. In
between there are no riparian demands which has resulted in selection of site for the
proposed project at upstream of the Dudhpathri village.
The proposed headwork’s has been selected based on the ideal site concept where the width
of the stream is optimum as per the given site conditions i.e. not too wide to result in high
costs and not too narrow to endanger the diversion and intake structures. The headwork’s
site has been fixed at appropriate location.
The alignment of the water conductor has been fixed on the available contour,
which involves minimum cut/ fill. The alignment has also been fixed keeping in view the
minimum dislocation of residential houses and populated areas. In fact there is no
involvement of any houses/ buildings along the water conductor. Forebay and Power House
have also been suitably located based on available space to minimise cost on account of
heavy cut/ fill.
1.10 Discharge and Gauge observation

Being a small tributary discharge data is not available as has not been recorded in past
for this particular site. However as per guide lines discharge series has been developed after
recording the discharges near Headwork’s site almost for more than 2 lean seasons and one
summer.
1.11 Project Purpose
1.11.1 Needs
Inadequate power infrastructure has been the major factor for the underdevelopment of
the State. The local area of DudhPathri is economically backward with no industrial
development. DudhPathri Small-hydropower project if followed by appropriate policy of

economic development will act as trigger for the economic development of the villages
providing avenues for the villages. The development such projects gives a big boost and is
benefits in general especially to local population.
1.11.2 Objectives of the Scheme

Power is the key infrastructure to socio-economic growth of the state. It has been duly
recognised that electricity plays a very important role in economic development and
especially in remote and hilly areas which were neglected in the past. Electrification of the
area brings about numerous developmental activities. The working hours increase with the
availability of electricity giving more time for economic activities. Education and health
facilities are improved. Cottage and small scale industries based on local available resources
and products also come up, increasing per capita income. Social activities increase thereby
improving the quality of life of the rural population
The scheme will provide a platform for the villages for various kinds of economic
opportunities including cottage industry and other economic areas. The development of power
potential will also facilitate better educational opportunities. This will also reduce the local
populations’ dependence on firewood improving the environment and conserve the
ecosystems of the area. Importantly scheme is part of the development programmes initiated
by Jammu and Kashmir government in Renewable energy sector. There is an acute shortage of
power in the state in particular during the winter months where power has to be imported
from outside, at times on very high rates. Demand of power in the state is very high besides
more of it in near future; as such development of such project not only will help in overcoming
the shortfalls of power but will also boost the economy of the state. This shall also create
some big job opportunities. This project is being developed as part of mission launched by
Science and Technology department through their Nodal agency Jammu and Kashmir Energy
development authority.

PART I
Chapter 2
Survey and Investigations

2.0 SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS
2.1 Reconnaissance Surveys

The object of these studies was to define the status of catchment and assess
geological factors on the stream discharge. The report containing the analysis of the
data obtained was made available before start of the investigations for project report.
According to the report, the accessibility to the projects is by and large good, as the
main road is available nearby on the left bank of stream, where from it can be
extended to the proposed power house and fore bay sites. From the main highway the
sites are approachable through paths. The hill slopes are very steep. The stability of
slopes and the rock strata was reported to be good.
Reconnaissance survey of the stream was carried out. The gradient of the river
was found to be adequate for optimum exploitation of energy. After study of
catchment characteristics and topographical features of the area, the optimal reach of
the river for development, the tentative location of the various components /
structures of the scheme viz. diversion weir, underground desilting basin and water
conductor system, surface forebay, penstock, power house and tail race were fixed.
The generating plant electrical equipment requirements, layout and designs were
worked out.
The reconnaissance surveys were also carried for determining the possibilities
of the construction of small hydropower project on Nallah. The left bank of Nallah
provides relatively stable terrain where power house could be accommodated along
with other components besides other important benefits. The reconnaissance surveys
also helped in avoiding any encroachment on wild life area, and riparian rights of
locals.
Topographical Surveys
The topographic survey was conducted with Electronic Total Station. Detailed site plan
and contour maps with L-section and X-sectional details of the project area were
framed to work out the possibility of various alternatives of main project components
and to freeze the final proposal entailing optimum generation.

2.1.1 Establishment of Benchmark and Coordinates

The geographical coordinates were established using the Global Positioning Systems
and the list of permanent benchmarks established were marked on site plan (details
enclosed) including the transfer of coordinates by ETS on ground.
2.2 Specification of Surveys
2.2.1 General layout Maps

In the general layout maps components of the project were surveyed with 2 m contour
interval. The area upstream of the weir and downstream of the power house was
covered. All the required width on the left bank of the Nallah was surveyed from
upstream of the diversion structure to the downstream of the power house. A number
of cross-sections based on the location of the structures were also surveyed to ensure
the reliability in the use of the data.
2.2.2 Diversion Weir Site

Adequate area was surveyed at headwork’s upstream & downstream of Trench weir
axis at 2m contour interval so that an appropriate placement of structure involved at
the Headwork’s is done.
2.2.3 Power House, Penstock, Switch yard, Trail Race Channel

The area encompassing the Powerhouse, Penstock, Switchyard, Tail Race Channel
were also surveyed with contour interval of 2m.

PART I
Chapter 3
HYDROLOGY

3.0 HYDROLOGY
3.1 General
Shaliganga Nallah is a small tributary of River Jhelum and the hydrological study of the
Nallah has been carried out in order to assign the design discharge for determining the
optimum Power potential of the scheme, to work out the design flood discharge and other
related hydrological issues in respect of the DudhPathri SHP.
3.2 Shaliganga Nallah
The stream called as “Shaliganga Nallah” is one of the tributaries of river Jhelum. The
Nallah is Glacier melt and is found perennial. The Nallah is flanked by hills and valleys on
either side and is devoid of any vegetation. Upper catchment area is mostly under snow.
The bed gradient of the Nallah is fairly steep encountering a number of rapids in
negotiating a drop of 1734m up to Headwork’s Site. Catchment area up to the project site
is of order 70 Sq km. The lower slopes are under dry crop cultivation. The portion above the
winter snowline of elevation 3050m feeds the Nallah by snow and glacier melt. Minimum
discharge in the Nallah occurs during December, January & February. Relatively high flows
during summer months are contributed by snowmelt as well as rainfall in the catchment.
3.3 Catchment Area
The catchment area comprises high and steep mountains with elevation varying from
EL 4694 m to EL 2960 m at Dudhpathri village. It starts at latitude 33ᶿ45′0.01″E and
Longitude 74ᶿ28′0.05″E. The source of Nallah is glacier melt. Upper catchment area is
mostly under snow.
The catchment area up to 3200m is covered under fir and birch forests. The
lower slopes are under dry crop cultivation. The portion above the winter snowline of
elevation 3200m feeds the Nallah by snow and glacier melt. Minimum discharge in the
Nallah occurs during December, January & February. Relatively and considerable high flows
during summer months are contributed by snowmelt as well as rainfall in the catchment.
3.4 Precipitation
Precipitation is in the form of snowmelt during winter months and some rainfall during April
to June and November months. The water from this Nallah is free from any uses for water
supply (drinking) in the project reach i.e.; from Headwork’s to downstream of the proposed
powerhouse.
3.5 Metrological Parameters

Precipitation during winter in the catchment is in the form of snow at higher levels
whereas during April to June and November months, the area receives rainfall on lower
elevations, which along with snow melt result into reasonable inflows in the Shaliganga
Nallah throughout the year. December and January month’s discharges are very low due to
less available catchment and freezing of snow in the catchment.
The project area is situated in the middle Himalayas and as such receives
moderate to heavy rainfall throughout the year. The maximum precipitation inform of
rainfall however, occurs during the March April and May months. Rains during winter
period are also common due to western disturbances. Some rainfall occurs from January to
March due to these disturbances. But mostly the area receives heavy snow in these
months. Finally the winter precipitation ends up mostly as snow or rain depending upon
the elevation of the place and weather conditions. The total snow cover is significant but
does not contribute to severity of floods in the stream. However, the snowmelt produces a
good amount of runoff during the earlier summer months, viz. April, May, and June and
July months.
No Rain Gauge station exists in the Project area or anywhere in close vicinity
and therefore rainfall data of the nearest rain gauge station of Pahalgam, falling within the
effective climatologically analogous area of the scheme, has been used. It is an ordinary
type rain gauge located at an altitude of around EL 2500 m.

A_ Rouf Infra Energy Pvt. Limited Project Detailed Project report
JAKEDA Department of science & Technology
Table 3.1
Rainfall Data of Pahalgam (1998-2010) in mm

Mean
Monthly
S.NO MONTH 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Rainfall
73.10 128.00 115.00 33.20 66.60 35.90 174.40 224.60 273.00 17.90 176.60 89.8 99.18 115.94
1 Jan
156.50 106.70 65.70 73.20 138.40 224.40 83.00 360.60 128.90 96.20 124.80 122.2 86.76 135.95
2 Feb
136.30 160.10 123.30 81.10 170.50 316.20 23.40 152.40 109.90 328.40 21.70 135 112.5 143.91
3 Mar
146.30 59.70 70.60 117.80 121.70 177.80 171.80 112.70 105.50 14.80 118.50 130 101.52 111.44
4 Apr
158.00 79.00 57.40 80.50 64.00 142.20 75.80 125.00 44.30 56.80 111.70 150 130.5 98.09
5 May
66.80 40.20 106.70 118.70 107.80 39.40 85.50 44.30 83.60 124.90 73.90 110.4 86.04 83.71
6 Jun
128.30 109.80 142.60 158.10 57.10 100.50 74.40 137.60 142.60 72.30 77.90 135 112.5 111.44
7 Jul
60.40 97.40 89.10 109.60 88.60 138.50 92.80 45.30 194.40 107.90 94.30 80.5 99 99.83
8 Aug
101.00 57.20 87.20 53.10 153.20 155.60 49.80 42.90 155.70 62.10 66.30 75 94.5 88.74
9 Sep
45.90 11.40 0.80 35.80 17.20 32.10 77.90 28.50 43.90 1.80 37.70 42 31.5 31.27
10 Oct
2.60 125.30 27.40 92.80 2.00 33.70 38.10 22.40 91.70 0.00 38.40 25.2 26.1 40.44
11 Nov
pathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page 34

0.00 0.00 36.10 66.90 15.00 86.60 29.70 4.40 141.20 38.10 96.40 45.4 67.68 48.27
12 Dec
Annual 1075.2 974.8 921.9 1020.8 1002.1 1482.9 976.6 1300.7 1514.7 921.2 1038.2 1140.5 1047.78 1109.029

TABLE 3.2
MEAN MONTHLY RAINFALL
MONTH RAINFALL MM
Jan 115.94
Feb 135.95
Mar 143.91
Apr 111.44
May 98.09
Jun 83.71
Jul 111.44
Aug 99.83
Sep 88.74
Oct 31.27
Nov 40.44
Dec 48.27
ANNUAL 1109.03

TABLE: 3.3
COMPUTATION OF DEPENDABILITY OF ANNUAL RAINFALL
ANNUAL RAIN FALL IN DESCENDING ORDER RANK PERCENTAGE DEPENDABILITY
1514.7
1 7%
1482.9
2 14%
1300.7
3 21%
1140.5
4 29%
1075.2
5 36%
1047.78
6 43%
1038.2
7 50%
1020.8
8 57%
1002.1
9 64%
976.6
10 71%
974.8
11 79%
921.9
12 86%
921.2
13 93%
Therefore,
50% Dependable Rainfall from Table 3-3 = 1038.20 mm
The ratio's of annual Rainfall are :

75%Dependable Rainfall = 975.71 mm
1038.20
50%Dependable Rainfall
Which is , 0.94
90%Dependable Rainfall = 921.48 mm
50%Dependable Rainfall 1038.2
Which is , = 0.888 mm
Comparison of annual rain fall for year 2010 with annual rain fall of 50%
Dependability the annual rainfall recorded in the year 2010 is the same as the annual rainfall
with 50% dependability, the annual rainfall in 2010 shown in table may be considered to
represent monthly rainfalls of 50% dependability.
Table 3.4
MEAN MONTHLY RAINFALL (Year 2010)

MONTH RAINFALL MM
Jan 99.18
Feb 86.76
Mar 112.50
Apr 101.52
May 130.50
Jun 86.04
Jul 112.50
Aug 99.00

Sep 94.50
Oct 31.50
Nov 26.10
Dec 67.68
ANNUAL 1047.78
3.6 Discharge data

Being a small tributary the stream discharges have not been recorded in the past
however the actual discharges have been recorded from April 2011 to 2014 for this project
and to cover 2 lean Seasons January and Februarys and March , discharges were consolidated
and established from the Local enquiry made at. The monthly mean and 10-day breakup are
shown in the table 3.5; this discharge data fulfils the requirement of observing discharges at
least for 2-lean seasons and one summer. The discharges are min during Dec to Feb months
with an appreciable increase in the discharges from the months March to July. The table 3.11
refers to the Discharge adopted as 4.6 Cumecs available at Intake for more than 100days.
3.7 Water Quality

The water in Shaliganga Nallah is generally clean and does not contain any significant
silt for most of the year. Water is clean throughout the year except flood times when it
contains some amount of silt. The water is suitable, as it does not contain excess of alkalinity
and ferrous contents.
During the rainy season all the Himalayan streams carry a lot of rolling bed load
comprising of shingle, stones & boulders and suspended silt and Shaliganga Nallah is one of
them. Design of the scheme ensures that rolling bed load as well as silt does not enter the
water conductor system. At the Head works this whole material shall get flushed through
Flushing duct in Intake well, which has been kept well below the intake to ensure that any
material does not enter into water conductor system except the silt which can flushed at
desilting basin, which ensures removal of rolling bed load and prevent its accumulation in
intake. De-silting tank provided in the Water Conductor system has been designed so as to
exclude silt particles greater than and up to 0.2 mm size.
3.8 10-daily Discharges

The measured discharges at Shaliganga Nallah have been used for finding out the 10-
daily mean flows for the corresponding period. Since the long-term discharge pattern of
Shaliganga Nallah is not available, it has been decided to find the reliability of observed
discharges in terms of 50%, 75% and 90% dependable year discharges from the observed
discharges available, so that the same is found applicable for finding out the power potential of
DudhPathri SHP.
Further Rainfall and Runoff correlation would have been the ideal method to
work out the stream flows, but this being limited to rains during floods and rainy season only In
particular in this part of the country where western disturbances have negligible effect during
actual monsoon months of the country. In case of post monsoon months July to Dec. the
rainfall is normally small and flow in stream is due to snow melt and ground water mainly. But
keeping provisions in statistical tests 75% and 90% dependable discharges have been found in
proportion to the rainfall and are shown in Table 3.12 hereunder.
3.9 Stream Flow Data
The Nallah has not been gauged earlier. The Stream gauging for one or two years is not
adequate to make assessment of long term flow patterns in a stream. However, to take up
small hydro electric projects urgently, short term stream flow data provides valuable
information on which indirect methods can be super–imposed to work out design discharge for
assessing power potential.
Comparison of Flows of Surasyar, Shaliganga & Bahramgalla Streams
The Shaliganga stream flows adjacent to the Surasyar & Bahramgalla streams. All the
three streams are being measured for a reasonable period. These three streams are located
in the same hydro-meteorological & topographical regions. The mean monthly discharges for
the three streams are presented in Table 3.7.
The catchment areas of these three streams are 44, 71 & 78 Sq.km for Surasyar,
Shaliganga and Bahramgalla respectively. The mean (X), standard deviation (S) coefficient of
variation (CV) & mean flow per sq.km for the three flow series are available. The statistical

parameters of flow for the three streams have been generally comparable. The statistical
analysis of the above referred streams is produced hereafter.

Table 3.5
Table:3.5 Observed 10 day Mean Discharges of DudhPathri Nallah (Cumecs)
10 daily 10 daily 10 daily 10 daily

Period Mean Mean Mean Mean Average
Month Days Days 2011 2012 2013 2014 Cumecs
10
1-10 1.10 1.00 1.20 1.30 1.15
January 10
11-20 1.20 1.05 1.20 1.20 1.16
11
21-31 1.25 1.05 1.30 1.70 1.33
10
1-10 1.50 1.65 1.50 1.90 1.64
February 10
11-20 1.80 1.60 1.60 2.00 1.75
8
21-29 2.30 2.20 2.00 2.40 2.23
10
1-10 3.10 3.10 4.50 4.80 3.88
March 10
11-20 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 4.75
11
21-31 5.30 5.10 6.50 6.30 5.80
10
1-10 4.70 4.70 7.00 6.50 5.72
April 10
11-20 5.90 5.50 8.90 7.80 7.03
10
21-30 6.00 5.80 8.00 9.10 7.23
10
1-10 7.10 7.20 11.00 10.60 8.98
May 10
11-20 9.80 8.90 12.30 14.00 11.25
11
21-31 11.00 9.90 13.00 13.90 11.95
June 10
1-10 10.20 10.00 10.00 11.00 10.30

10
11-20 9.50 9.30 9.00 8.30 9.03
10
21-30 8.90 9.00 9.60 8.00 8.88
10
1-10 7.25 7.40 7.00 7.20 7.21
July 10
11-20 6.40 6.10 6.50 6.70 6.42
11
21-31 5.80 5.75 5.50 5.70 5.69
10
1-10 5.00 5.05 4.00 4.30 4.59
August 10
11-20 4.60 4.50 4.00 4.20 4.33
11
21-31 4.10 4.35 4.10 3.90 4.11
10
1-10 3.45 3.65 3.40 3.20 3.43
September 10
11-20 3.10 3.00 3.20 3.00 3.08
10
21-30 3.05 2.85 3.00 2.90 2.95
10
1-10 2.20 2.25 2.60 2.45 2.38
October 10
11-20 1.75 1.80 2.50 2.30 2.09
11
21-31 1.60 1.70 2.50 2.20 2.00
10
1-10 1.60 1.70 2.00 1.90 1.80
November 10
11-20 1.80 1.30 2.20 1.85 1.79
10
21-30 1.35 1.50 2.00 1.35 1.55
10
1-10 1.00 1.20 1.60 1.20 1.25
December 10
11-20 1.10 0.95 1.30 1.30 1.16
11
21-31 1.10 0.90 1.10 1.00 1.03

Table 3.6 Observed Monthly Mean Flow of Nallah
Month Discharge in Cumecs
January 1.21
February 1.87
March 4.81
April 6.66
May 10.73
June 9.40
July 6.44
August 4.34
September 3.15
October 2.15
November 1.71
December 1.15

Correlation between Mean Monthly Flows of Surasyar and Shaliganga
The monthly flows for the period from Jan 2011 to 2014 have been compared in table and
correlation is developed for assessment of flows in DudhPathri small hydro Electric project.
Shaliganga Flow = 1.59 x Surasyar Flow
Where the constant 1.59 represents the ratio of catchment areas at the gauging sites on
Surasyar & Dudhi Pathri Nallahs i.e.; 70/44.
The two streams being in the similar hydro-meteorological & topographical region &
adjoining to each other, the mean monthly specific discharges would be of the same order,
though these values may differ from year to year. The assumption is confirmed by plotting the
straight line correlation on a catchment area pro-rata basis the observed & estimated mean
monthly discharges based on the correlation equation and subsequently in this chapter specific
discharge comparison for similar hydrological parameters of Nallah has also been compared so
as to reach to the conclusions for deriving 50%,75%,90% dependable discharges.
Table 3.6 Observed Monthly Mean Flow of Dudhpathri

Nallah
Month Discharges in Cumecs
Jan 1.21
Feb 1.87
Mar 4.81
Apr 6.66
May 10.73
Jun 9.40
Jul 6.44

Aug 4.34
Sep 3.15
Oct 2.15
Nov 1.71
Dec 1.15
Table 3.7 Mean Monthly Observed Flows of Bahramgalla, Dudhpathri

and Surasyar Nallah
Mean Monthly Discharges Cumecs
Month Barhamgalla i Dudh Pathri Surasyar
78 70 44
January 2.26 1.21 0.94
February 3.36 1.87 1.76
March 5.57 4.81 3.86
April 6.24 6.66 7.56
May 8.93 10.73 9.73
June 12.70 9.40 11.07
July 9.93 6.44 7.41
August 6.21 4.34 5.34
September 4.25 3.15 3.42
October 3.94 2.15 2.22

November 3.50 1.71 1.39
December 2.30 1.15 1.22
Mean 'X" 5.77 4.47 4.66
SD -S 3.3 3.2 3.5
CV= S/X 0.6 0.7 0.8
Mean/Sq-KM 2.555 0.064 0.106
Flow = 1.591 Surasyar

Table 3.8
Table 3.8 Observed and Estimated Mean Monthly Flows of Dudh Pathri MHP
Mean Monthly Discharges Cumecs
Month Observed Estimated Adopted
January 1.21 1.50 1.21
February 1.87 2.80 1.87
March 4.81 6.14 4.81
April 6.66 12.03 6.66
May 10.73 15.49 10.73
June 9.40 17.62 9.40
July 6.44 11.80 6.44
August 4.34 8.50 4.34
September 3.15 5.44 3.15

October 2.15 3.53 2.15
November 1.71 2.20 1.71
December 1.15 1.95 1.15
Mean 'X" 4.47 7.41
SD -S 3.24 5.60
CV= S/X 0.72 0.76
Statistical Tests
(i) ‘t’ – Test
The test is carried out to test the significance of the difference between two
sample values, for example observed & estimated flows.
The value of ‘t’ is computed by the equation.
t = X /√S2/n
Where
X= mean of differences in observed & estimated flows
S= is the standard deviation (SD) of sample
N= size of sample
The computation of t-test is given in Table
Table 3.9 Statistical Tests

Table 3.9 Statistical Tests
Month Difference in Estimated and Observed Flows
January -0.28
February -0.93
March -1.33
April -5.37
May -4.76
June -8.22
July -5.35
August -4.15
September -2.29
October -1.37
November -0.49
December -0.80
Mean 'X" -2.95
SD -S 2.55
The Computed value of 't' = -4.17
Tabulated 't' for degree of freedom = 13 at 5% level of significance is more
The Computed value of 't' from above equation = - 4
Tabulated t’ for degree of freedom = 13 at 5% level of significance is more.

The computed value of t is higher than the tabulated value of t, Therefore, the
differences between observed & estimated discharges are not significant at 5% level of
probability.
F – Test
This test is carried out to test if the two samples belong to the same population. The
basis for testing the hypothesis is the ratio (F) of two sample variances i.e.; squares of the
standard deviation
F= S 12
S 22
S1 & S2 are the standard deviations of the two samples. The greater of the two
variances is to be taken as the numerator. In the present case,
F = S12/S22
Where, S12 = 10
Where, S22 = 31
Therefore, F = 0.3
The tabulated value of F for the given degree of freedom of samples is higher at 5% level
of significance. The calculated value of F = 0.3 is less than the tabulated value.
The statistical tests show that the mean monthly flows of Shaliganga Stream
during the observed period as estimated from the catchment area proportion basis from the
corresponding monthly observed other stream flows are significantly different from the
observed Shaliganga stream flows at 5% level of significance . Hence it may be assumed that
the catchment area proportion approach be adopted for computing the flows from the
corresponding Shaliganga flows.
Mean Monthly Flows With 50%, 75% & 90% Dependability’s
The stream flow measurements of Shaliganga stream are available only for the period
from 2011 to 2014. The data are not adequate to forecast monthly patterns of flow with
certain dependability. The available data are to be supplemented with the records available in
the near-by catchments to favour reliability of observed/estimated discharges. The mean

monthly flows at 50%, 75% & 90% dependability’s have been computed while preparing the
project report for the DudhPathri Small hydro-power project.
Table 3.10 Adopted Dependable Discharges
50% Dependable
Month Dependability 75% Dependability 90% Dependability
Jan
1.213 1.140 1.076
Feb
1.871 1.758 1.661
Mar
4.808 4.519 4.268
Apr
6.658 6.257 5.909
May
10.725 10.079 9.519
Jun
9.400 8.834 8.343
Jul
6.442 6.054 5.717
Aug
4.342 4.080 3.854
Sep
3.150 2.960 2.796
Oct
2.154 2.025 1.912
Nov
1.713 1.610 1.520
Dec
1.146 1.077 1.017

Table 3.11 Discharges in Descending order
Flows in Cumecs
Month 50% Dependable 75% Dependable 90% Dependable
1 10.73 1 8%
2 9.40 2 15%
3 6.66 3 23%
4 6.44 4 31%
5 4.81 5 38%
6 4.34 6 46%
7 3.15 7 54%
8 2.15 8 62%
9 1.87 9 69%
10 1.71 10 77%
11 1.21 11 85%
12 1.15 12 92%
3.10 Specific Discharges
In view of the reason that discharge data of longer period for the Shaliganga stream is
not available, the comparison of specific discharges of Shaliganga and Surasyar Nallah have
been worked out to ascertain the reliability of observed discharges in tabular form as under.
The specific discharges were found by dividing the mean flows with catchment area.

Table 3.12 Shaliganga Nallah Specific Discharges
Month Observed Discharges Specific Discharges
Jan 1.21 0.0173
Feb 1.87 0.0267
Mar 4.81 0.0687
Apr 6.66 0.0951
May 10.73 0.1532
Jun 9.40 0.1343
Jul 6.44 0.0920
Aug 4.34 0.0620
Sep 3.15 0.0450
Oct 2.15 0.0308
Nov 1.71 0.0245
Dec 1.15 0.0164
3.11 Surasyar Nallah Specific Flows
Surasyar Nallah is a small tributary of River Jhelum, the flows of Surasyar have been
measured for the same period as in case of Shaliganga, with the rain fall. Snowfall and
catchment characteristics of the two basins being more or less the same, the specific
discharges have been compared in Table . The respective catchment area of Surasyar Nallah up
to gauge site has been established as 44 Sq.kms and the specific Discharges for this Nallah are
produced in Tabular form hereunder.

Table 3.13 Surasyar Nallah Specific Discharges
Month Observed Discharges Specific Discharges
Jan 0.94 0.0214
Feb 1.76 0.0400
Mar 3.86 0.0877
Apr 7.56 0.1718
May 9.73 0.2212
Jun 11.07 0.2517
Jul 7.41 0.1685
Aug 5.34 0.1214
Sep 3.42 0.0777
Oct 2.22 0.0504
Nov 1.39 0.0315
Dec 1.22 0.0278

Table 3.14 Specific Discharges Comparison
Month Shaliganga Surasyar
Jan 0.0173 0.0214
Feb 0.0267 0.0400
Mar 0.0687 0.0877
Apr 0.0951 0.1718
May 0.1532 0.2212
Jun 0.1343 0.2517
Jul 0.0920 0.1685
Aug 0.0620 0.1214
Sep 0.0450 0.0777
Oct 0.0308 0.0504
Nov 0.0245 0.0315
Dec 0.0164 0.0278
The specific discharges have been compared in the Table 3.14 and it is observed that
mean 10 day specific flows of Surasyar are higher than those of Shaliganga. The higher
discharges are perhaps due to larger snow melt and slightly steeper and higher catchment
elevation. The specific discharges of two streams in some lean months Dec. Jan and Feb is
more or less the same which is very important from hydrological analysis point of view. The
stream flow measurements for surasyar are available for around two years only. The data may
not be adequate to forecast monthly patterns with certain dependability; however it does
cover the minimum requirement of two lean seasons and one summer discharge besides the
availability of rain fall data of ten years. The nearest rain gauge station at Pahalgam by
comparing areal distances from Project site has been adopted. Pahalgam largely has the same

metrological parameters. In the Chapter 1 it has already been mentioned that rainfall in 2010
may be considered to represent rainfall in a 50% dependable Year.
3.12 Regional Specific Discharges

The monthly specific flows of Shaliganga have been compared with generalized monthly
specific flows with 50% dependability in the region having similar hydrological and
metrological characteristics. These regional generalized specific flows have been based on
observed flows of few other streams and correlation by and large is found recognizable
in conjunction to Bahramgalla specific flows, to adopt the observed discharges of Bahramgalla
Nallah as reliable data for this particular project. As such the 50%, Dependable year has
espoused from the observed data. Considering the energy generation estimates also have to be
based on lean months besides the cut off in design discharge and shall not have an effect on
discharge series of observed summer discharges of Nallah, the correlation may be considered
fair besides and importantly herein cut off at design discharge.
3.13 Flow Duration Analysis
Based on the overall analysis above, the flow duration curve using the mean
dependable has been developed and the design discharge for DudhPathri SHP. Project has been
adopted as 4.60 Cumecs. Flow duration curve for Shaliganga Nallah is shown in Figure-3.1 and
this discharge shall be taken as the discharge, which is available for more than 100 days in a
year from 50% dependable year which is close to the mean flows of four observed period of
discharges. Thus, the design discharge has been fixed as 4.60 Cumecs after keeping provision
of 0.5 Cumecs as sacrificial discharge. The flow duration analysis at the site evaluates the
proportion of time during which the discharge equals or exceeds certain values. For such an
analysis, the discharges are arranged in a descending order. Each discharge magnitude is
assigned a rank m, which are varying from 1 to N, where N is the number of variants selected.
The maximum value is assigned m = 1 and lowest value is assigned m=N. Each discharge is
given a Weibul plotting position, which is expressed as m/N+1. This position expresses the
percent of time a given discharge is equalled or exceeded. By this method flow duration
computation has been worked out at DudhPathri diversion site for 10 –day discharge of 50%
dependable year series for each month.

3.14 Sacrificial Discharge

A few fields exist downstream of the intake, which depend on Shaliganga Nallah, water
for their survival requirements and also to meet environmental norms, water to the extent of
0.5 Cumecs shall be released as sacrificial discharge from the diversion weir.
Figure 3.1
12.00
10.00
8.00
Discharge in Cumec
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
-2.00
%age time exceedence
Flow Duration Curve for 50% Dependable Discharge

Figure 3.2
12.00
10.00
8.00
Discharge in cumec
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
-2.00
age time exceedence

Figure 3.3
12.00
10.00
8.00
Discharge in cumec
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
-2.00
%age exceedence Time

3.14 DESIGN FLOOD DISCHARGE

3.14.1 Design Criteria
The proposed diversion structure is Trench type weir with Intake well and the shingle flushing
duct provided in Intake well itself for passing shingle which drops through Trash rack into trench.
Thereby entry of such material into water conductor system is arrested. In the event of failure of
such a structure, it would not cause any loss of life or damages to the properties downstream of
the weir. A flood discharge due to a 50 year return period storm rainfall is considered sufficient.
3.14.2 Approach to Flood Computation
Keeping in view this is a Small Hydel project different applicable rational method of design
flood computation have been adopted in particular non availability of flood data. In the present
case. The discharge data are being collected from 2011. No high floods suitable for unit
hydrograph analysis has occurred in.
Methods adopted are as:

 Dickens’s Formula
 Flood Discharge Calculations by Ryves formula-1884
 Inglis Formula
 Flood Design as per Unit hydrograph Method.
Flood Calculation by Using Empirical Formula's

Flood calculation have been based on the available formula's in particular applicable
To northern part of country.
1. Dickens’s Formula
This is the most widely adopted method for calculating the flood discharge for a 50
Year return period and the equation adopted is as under.
Q = C. (A)3/4
Where,
Q is the Estimated Peak Flood in Cumecs for a probability of 1 in 50
C is a constant depending upon type of catchment and for hilly terrains varies from 11 to 14.
A is catchment area up to Headwork’s site of the Project.

We have ,
Catchment Area up to Head Works Site = 70 Km2
Constant "C' has been adopted for type of catchment = 13
Therefore from above Equation
Q = 13 x (70 )3/4 = 315 Cumecs
Therefore Flood Discharge is taken as = 315 Cumecs
2. Ryves formula-1884
This formula is based upon investigations carried out during a dam project on Beas river and is
Particularly applicable to Himachal Pradesh. And now being used in J&K also.
According to this formula, flood is estimated using the following relationship.
Q = CA2/3
Where
Q is the estimated peak flow in m3/sec
C is constant whose value is 18.19 for a return period of 25 Years and 20.78 for a return period of
50 Years.
Peak Discharge at Headworks Location.
Constant "C' has been adopted for type of catchment =20.78
Catchment area = 70 Sq-km
Therefore Peak Discharge from above equation is as Q50 =
353 Cumecs
3. Inglis Formula
According to this formula, flood is estimated using the following expression:
Q = 124 A/(A+10.4)
Where,
Q= estimated flood in m3/sec
A= catchment area in km2= 70
Therefore Flood Discharge Q = 107.96 Cumecs

Ali Nawabjung Formula and Inglis formula have been developed in the coastal areas of
Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Thus, the multiplying coefficients adopted in these formulas are not
truly applicable to North India hill streams. Keeping in view the medium size of catchment & its
location being in North Indian hills, flood discharges as computed form Dickens formula can be
safely adopted.
4- Flood Design as per Unit hydrograph Method.
Total Catchment area = 70 sq-m
Area in Miles = 27.08 Sq. Miles
Point Rainfall
From CWC Report 1/73 for 50 Year return period , rainfall for 24 hrs in the location
for flood peaks is
= 120 mm
RT24 = 120 mm
For Duration or = 24 hrs
Areal to point rainfall ratio P = exp (-A1/3)
Num. -3.00 8T1/2
Den. 39.19
P= 0.926
Storm after correction H = 111.15 mm
H= 4.376 Inches

Runoff
Based on the type of soil equation taken for estimation of
runoff from a long duration storm for hills :
R = 0.55 H1.2 R = 3.233 Inches
Loss Rate, Uniform Loss Rate = (H-R)/T
= 0.048 inches/hr
= 1.209 mm/hr
Peak of Unit Hydrograph of Tc Duration
QTC = 16000 A3/4 (SLC)2/3 For SLC<.0028
QTC = 320 A3/4 For SLC >.0028
Where,
QTC is in Cusecs , A is in Sq. Miles
SLC is weighted mean slope.
QTC = 3798.22 Cusecs
107.57 Cumecs
qtc = 1.54
Concentration Time (Tc) is the duration of rainfall excess responsible for

flood peak.
TC = 280 QTC/A = 140.28
( QTC/A)0.9
TC = 3.272 hr.
Equation used for calculation of rainfall in TC concentration time :

R24 *
RTC = (TC/24)1/3 where TC / 24 = 0.136
RTC = 61.76 mm
2.43 inches
Areal rainfall in Tc time = RTC*P = 2.25 inches
57.21 mm
Loss in Time Tc = 3.96 mm
0.16 inches
Excess Rainfall in Tc time = 53.25 mm
2.10 inches
Peak value of flood hydrograph = Excess rainfall*peak of UH
7962.87 Cusecs
225.51 Cumecs
Temporal distribution of rainfall excess adjustment factor is =
1.1

Peak Flood Hydrograph Phg = 248.064 Cumecs
Add for base flow @ 5 Cusecs/Sq. mile for Design flow.
Therefore Design Flow = 5 * A/35.31 + Phg = 251.90 Cumecs
So Flood Discharge from Dickens Formula i.e 315 Cumecs
can be adopted Safely.

PART I
Chapter 4
POWER POTENTIAL

4.0 POWER POTENTIAL
4.1 General
DudhPathri SHP project is a runoff- river scheme utilising the Shaliganga Nallah for
power generation. The details have been discussed in detail in the Chapter 3 on hydrology. The
discharge data so collected has been utilized for computing the 50% (average year), 75% and
90% dependable year discharges for Project.
4.2 Water Availability

Being a Small Hydropower Project of 6.00 MW installed capacity; it is a prudent practice
to choose the design discharge for the project, which is available for more than 100 days in a
50% dependable year. Therefore, the design discharge has been chosen on this basis (See
Chapter -3). For computation of installed capacity of DudhPathri Project, the design discharge
is computed using the following relationship:
Q = Design discharge
Which is = 5.30Cumecs
Sacrificial discharge 15% of Lean Flow = 0.5 Cumecs
Provision for Irrigation discharge = 0.2 Cumecs
Therefore Discharge available at headwork’s site= 4.6 Cumecs
Therefore, the design discharge for the project has been chosen as 4.60Cumecs.
Hydrology data series for 50%, 75% and 90% dependable years have been worked out
(for detail refer Chapter -3, Part –I: Hydrology).
A sacrificial discharge of 0.5 Cumecs shall be allowed to flow into the Shaliganga Stream
owing to ecological and environmental considerations.
4.3 Design Head

The net operating head, expected to be available for power generation has been
estimated by deducting the total head loss from gross head on the basis of following design
parameters, the head loss Computations are appended in Table – 4.1.which results in a net
head of 153.51 m.

4.4 Installed Capacity

After arriving at the design discharge from Para–4.2, the installed capacity for Dudh
Pathri small hydropower Project was computed using the following relationship:
P = 8.47*Q *H (kW)
= 8.47*4.60*153.51= 6.0 MW
2 machines of 3.0 MW each capacity is provided.
4.5 Power Potential

Corresponding to a design discharge of 4.60Cumecs and net head of 135.51 m, power
potential study has been carried out for 50%, 75% and 90% dependable year discharge for 6.0
MW rated capacity is appended at Table – 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4. Hence, it is found that 31.66, 30.50
and 28.01 million units of energy could be expected for 50%, 75% and 90% dependable years,
respectively.
4.6 POWER POTENTIAL AND INSTALLED CAPACITY
4.6.1 Power Potential Assessment

The assessment of power potential which could appropriately be developed at DudhPathri
Small Hydropower scheme and the related determination of the generating capacity to be
installed at this power station have been made in accordance with technical practices in view
of limitations of available data as is in practice for SHP schemes. This is a principal step
towards deriving the parameters of technically and economically suitable schemes considering
the expected water availability at site, the head and other related factors. The basic factors for
this assessment are (i) discharge of the stream for different levels of dependability, but at the
same time computed with limited quantum of direct discharge data. (ii) The appropriate head
which can be developed based on consideration of topographical features and requirements of
construction of relevant works. These practices, in turn have been developed in the country by
official agencies and through consensus considerations on the one hand, the general features
and similarities of monsoon based discharges of streams which may not be applicable in this
case and the desirability of faster development of mini projects where a greater degree of
variation may be acceptable on the other hand.

4.7 Hydrological Data

An analytical study of the hydrological data as prescribed for such projects has been
presented in the ‘Hydrology Chapter’. On the basis of the studies as explained there in the
mean dependable discharges of the Shaliganga Nallah which can statistically be expected in
years of different dependability viz.50%, 75% and 90% has been chosen. With limited
database, these three assessments are made to reasonably define the medium flow, the
average flow and firm flow. Adequate safety margins have been kept in consideration.
Hydrology Chapter details the data base utilised for the hydrological assessment.
It considers the discharge data collected in the stream in which 15 months are covered in
accordance with the requirements stipulated for the project and conforming to practices for
Mini schemes, More pertinently the rainfall data available for much longer periods for nearby
stations and catchments of similar hydro meteorological region and similar catchment
characteristics is utilised for hydrological conservative studies to arrive at the probable
discharges at different degrees of dependability. This approach helps in probable
determination of the relative flows in the years of different dependability. This in turn would
enable the power potential in years of different dependability of the relative flows to be subject
to lesser magnitudes of deviation. It is pertinent to recall that guidelines and practices for
Mini-hydro electric projects recommend such an approach of short term discharge data
collection considering the time frame for developing a Mini scheme, cost of investigations and
overall impact of probable variations. In the present case a substantial relevant data base
could not be gathered which could be subjected to scientific analysis in accordance with best
hydrological practices of today. But an assessment has been found to reveal the correctness of
recorded discharges and adopt the same for design purposes.
4.7.1 Discharge Utilisation

The flow of streams in this part of State especially mini-streams, shows a typical pattern
of annual duration curve of the stream flows shows a very high value over a period of 3-4
months. If the stream happens to have a substantial snow covered area, there will be further
reasonable flow representing the discharge in spring and summer covering a further 2 months
while flow in remaining months (winter) falls to very low values. In case of streams with
meagre snow coverage, the stream flow reduces rapidly after summer period. These

generalities of features of the flows of Himalayan streams provide the important basis for
deciding on discharge which may be suitable for utilisation with the help of only short term,
substantiating, discharge measurement.
It is considered thus that attempting utilisation of discharges higher than long

term median discharge is not worthwhile due to rapid reduction in duration of their availability.
Further, with the practice of short term data collection and deduction of other data by
analogical studies from other relevant data of neighbourhood, the determination of 50%
duration discharge of a year of 50% dependability would provide a close approximation to such
median discharge. Similarly, the duration curve of a 75% year is expected to give fair
approximation of the average flow over the operative range of discharges. Discharge data
worked out for 75% dependable year can thus form the basis for optimisation of installed
capacity on energy generation basis.
4.7.2 Pondage
Diversion of the stream flow into the hydro electric power station of schemes of this
nature has been done through Trench weir which possesses a set of advantages for this
application both from environmental consideration as well as reliability of operation. This is
also detailed in discussion of the weir design. This diversion arrangement does not provide any
pondage capacity and thus has no environmental impact.
4.7.3 Head
The design of the hydraulic elements of the scheme is outlined in the following chapters
and comprises the RCC Trench type diversion weir, a water conveyance system consisting of a
Trench across the stream with intake well on right bank, an RCC Box channel sections in Water
conductor system right up to Forebay with Desilting Basin arrangement, escapes to ensure
water level in channel and Forebay. Penstock takes off from the Forebay and feeds the
generating units in the power station through 2 branches. A short tail race channel is provided
to lead the water back into Shaliganga Nallah. The levels at various points from head to tail
and the head loss in the system have been worked out accordingly.

Table 4.1 Hydraulic Losses in the system

Loss in
S.no Particulars of Head loss Coefficient Loss Calculation metres(m)
1
Head loss due to Gate Slots 0.1 Kg*n*V2/2g 0.033
2
Intake entrance loss 1.5 he=KeV2/2g 0.245
3 Head Loss in Supply channel pipe 0.199
4 Loss at Desilting Basin 0.20
5 Head Loss in Power channel 1.06
6
Miscellaneous Losses, Like bends etc. 0.10
7 Total Losses in Water Conductor 1.841
8 Trash rack loss at Forebay 0.35 2
ht=ktv /2g 0.107
9 Bell mouth entrance loss 0.05 He=KeV /2g2
0.013
10 Losses in Gate slot 0.1 he=KeV2/2g 0.027
11 penstock frictional loss 0.012 2
hf=flv /2gd 2.656
12 penstock bend loss 0.1 hb=nKbv /2g 2
0.675
13 Butterfly valve loss 0.25 hbf=nKbfv2/2g 0.422
14 penstock bifurcation loss 0.3 2
hfb=Kfbv /2g 0.253
15 Tailrace exit loss 0.05 hv=nKvv /2g 2
0.084
16 2
Loss in reducer pipe 0.25 .25V /2g 0.211
17 Total Losses in Penstock 4.448
18 Total Hydraulic Losses 6.29
19 Level Calculations
20 FSL at Start of Supply Channel 2959.30 m
21 FSL at Forebay 2957.46 m
22 Power house NSL 2802 m
23 C/L of Turbine 2799.5 m
24 Min Tailrace Water Level 2799.5 m
25 Max TWL 2799.95 m
26 Gross Head 157.96 m
27 Net Head 153.51 m
28 Power 5.98 MW
29 Proposed Capacity 6 MW
30 Over Load Capacity 6 MW
31 Max. Water Level in Forebay 2957.86 m
32 No. of units chosen 2 Number
33 Each unit = 3 MW
34 Efficiency of Generator 0.95
35 Centre line Level of Penstock at Forebay 2952.96 m
The Power potential and energy generation computation is made for net head of
153.51m, with factor 8.47 covering combined efficiency of turbine and Generator.
4.9 Installed Capacity

After arriving at the design discharge from above, the installed capacity for DudhPathri
SHP was computed using the following relationship:
P = 8.47*Q *H (kW)
Where, Q is the Design discharge for DudhPathri project
Q = 4.60 m3/s
H = Design Net Head = 153.51 m
P = 8.47 x 4.60 x 153.51kW
P = 6.0 MW (SAY)
Hence provide 2 machines of 3.0 MW each capacity. Corresponding to a design

discharge of 4.60Cumecs and net head of 153.51 m, power potential study has been carried
out for 50%, 75% and 90% dependable year discharge for 6.0 MW rated capacity and is
appended at Table – 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4. It is found that 31.66 million, 30.50 million and 28.01
million units of energy could be expected for 50%, 75% and 90% dependable years,
respectively.
Table 4.2 Power Potential Studies for DudhPathri SHP at 50% Dependable Year
Dependable Sacrifice Available Turbine Unrestricted Rated

Month Power days Energy
Flow Discharge Discharge Discharge Energy output
Cumecs Cumecs Cumecs Cumecs MW (MU.) No. MW MU
Jan-01 1.213 0.70 0.513 0.51 0.67 0.160 10.000 0.667 0.160
Jan-02 1.213 0.70 0.513 0.51 0.67 0.160 10.000 0.667 0.160
Jan-03 1.213 0.70 0.513 0.51 0.67 0.176 11.000 0.667 0.176
Feb-01 1.871 0.70 1.171 1.17 1.52 0.365 10.000 1.522 0.365

Feb-02 1.871 0.70 1.171 1.17 1.52 0.365 10.000 1.522 0.365
Feb-03 1.871 0.70 1.171 1.17 1.52 0.292 8.000 1.522 0.292
Mar-01 4.808 0.70 4.108 4.11 5.34 1.282 10.000 5.342 1.282
Mar-02 4.808 0.70 4.108 4.11 5.34 1.282 10.000 5.342 1.282
Mar-03 4.808 0.70 4.108 4.11 5.34 1.410 11.000 5.342 1.410
Apr-01 6.658 0.70 5.958 5.96 7.75 1.859 10.000 6.000 1.440
Apr-02 6.658 0.70 5.958 5.96 7.75 1.859 10.000 6.000 1.440
Apr-03 6.658 0.70 5.958 5.96 7.75 1.859 10.000 6.000 1.440
May-01 10.725 0.70 10.025 10.03 13.03 3.128 10.000 6.000 1.440
May-02 10.725 0.70 10.025 10.03 13.03 3.128 10.000 6.000 1.440
May-03 10.725 0.70 10.025 10.03 13.03 3.441 11.000 6.000 1.584
Jun-01 9.400 0.70 8.700 8.70 11.31 2.715 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jun-02 9.400 0.70 8.700 8.70 11.31 2.715 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jun-03 9.400 0.70 8.700 8.70 11.31 2.715 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jul-01 6.442 0.70 5.742 5.74 7.47 1.792 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jul-02 6.442 0.70 5.742 5.74 7.47 1.792 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jul-03 6.442 0.70 5.742 5.74 7.47 1.971 11.000 6.000 1.584
Aug-01 4.342 0.70 3.642 3.64 4.74 1.136 10.000 4.735 1.136
Aug-02 4.342 0.70 3.642 3.64 4.74 1.136 10.000 4.735 1.136
Aug-03 4.342 0.70 3.642 3.64 4.74 1.250 11.000 4.735 1.250
Sep-01 3.150 0.70 2.450 2.45 3.19 0.765 10.000 3.186 0.765
Sep-02 3.150 0.70 2.450 2.45 3.19 0.765 10.000 3.186 0.765
Sep-03 3.150 0.70 2.450 2.45 3.19 0.765 10.000 3.186 0.765
Oct-01 2.154 0.70 1.454 1.45 1.89 0.454 10.000 1.891 0.454
Oct-02 2.154 0.70 1.454 1.45 1.89 0.454 10.000 1.891 0.454
Oct-03 2.154 0.70 1.454 1.45 1.89 0.499 11.000 1.891 0.499

Nov-01 1.713 0.70 1.013 1.01 1.32 0.316 10.000 1.317 0.316
Nov-02 1.713 0.70 1.013 1.01 1.32 0.316 10.000 1.317 0.316
Nov-03 1.713 0.70 1.013 1.01 1.32 0.316 10.000 1.317 0.316
Dec-01 1.146 0.70 0.446 0.45 0.58 0.139 10.000 0.580 0.139
Dec-02 1.146 0.70 0.446 0.45 0.58 0.139 10.000 0.580 0.139
Dec-03 1.146 0.70 0.446 0.45 0.58 0.153 11.000 0.580 0.153
Total Rated Power in MWs 129.72

Total Energy in Million Units annually = 31.66

Table 4.3 Power Potential Studies for Dudhi Pathri MHP at 75% Dependable Discharges


Jan-01 1.14 0.70 0.440 0.44 0.57 0.137 10 0.572 0.137
Jan-02 1.14 0.70 0.440 0.44 0.57 0.137 10 0.572 0.137
Jan-03 1.14 0.70 0.440 0.44 0.57 0.151 11 0.572 0.151
Feb-01 1.76 0.70 1.058 1.06 1.38 0.330 10 1.376 0.330
Feb-02 1.76 0.70 1.058 1.06 1.38 0.330 10 1.376 0.330
Feb-03 1.76 0.70 1.058 1.06 1.38 0.264 8 1.376 0.264
Mar-01 4.52 0.70 3.819 3.82 4.97 1.192 10 4.966 1.192
Mar-02 4.52 0.70 3.819 3.82 4.97 1.192 10 4.966 1.192
Mar-03 4.52 0.70 3.819 3.82 4.97 1.311 11 4.966 1.311
Apr-01 6.26 0.70 5.557 5.56 7.23 1.734 10 6.000 1.440
Apr-02 6.26 0.70 5.557 5.56 7.23 1.734 10 6.000 1.440
Apr-03 6.26 0.70 5.557 5.56 7.23 1.734 10 6.000 1.440
May-01 10.08 0.70 9.379 9.38 12.20 2.927 10 6.000 1.440
May-02 10.08 0.70 9.379 9.38 12.20 2.927 10 6.000 1.440
May-03 10.08 0.70 9.379 9.38 12.20 3.220 11 6.000 1.584
Jun-01 8.83 0.70 8.134 8.13 10.58 2.538 10 6.000 1.440
Jun-02 8.83 0.70 8.134 8.13 10.58 2.538 10 6.000 1.440
Jun-03 8.83 0.70 8.134 8.13 10.58 2.538 10 6.000 1.440
Jul-01 6.05 0.70 5.354 5.35 6.96 1.671 10 6.000 1.440
Jul-02 6.05 0.70 5.354 5.35 6.96 1.671 10 6.000 1.440

Jul-03 6.05 0.70 5.354 5.35 6.96 1.838 11 6.000 1.584
Aug-01 4.08 0.70 3.380 3.38 4.40 1.055 10 4.395 1.055
Aug-02 4.08 0.70 3.380 3.38 4.40 1.055 10 4.395 1.055
Aug-03 4.08 0.70 3.380 3.38 4.40 1.160 11 4.395 1.160
Sep-01 2.96 0.70 2.260 2.26 2.94 0.705 10 2.939 0.705
Sep-02 2.96 0.70 2.260 2.26 2.94 0.705 10 2.939 0.705
Sep-03 2.96 0.70 2.260 2.26 2.94 0.705 10 2.939 0.705
Oct-01 2.02 0.70 1.325 1.32 1.72 0.413 10 1.722 0.413
Oct-02 2.02 0.70 1.325 1.32 1.72 0.413 10 1.722 0.413
Oct-03 2.02 0.70 1.325 1.32 1.72 0.455 11 1.722 0.455
Nov-01 1.61 0.70 0.910 0.91 1.18 0.284 10 1.183 0.284
Nov-02 1.61 0.70 0.910 0.91 1.18 0.284 10 1.183 0.284
Nov-03 1.61 0.70 0.910 0.91 1.18 0.284 10 1.183 0.284
Dec-01 1.08 0.70 0.377 0.38 0.49 0.118 10 0.490 0.118
Dec-02 1.08 0.70 0.377 0.38 0.49 0.118 10 0.490 0.118
Dec-03 1.08 0.70 0.377 0.38 0.49 0.129 11 0.490 0.129
Total Rated Power in MWs 124

58%
Plant load factor =
6.19
Primary Energy in MU =
24.3
Secondary Energy in MU =
28.67
Net Saleable Energy in MU =

Table 4.4 Power Potential Studies for Dudhi Pathri MHP at 90% Dependable year Discharge

Jan-01 1.076 0.70 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000
Jan-02 1.076 0.70 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000
Jan-03 1.076 0.70 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 11.000 0.000 0.000
Feb-01 1.661 0.70 5.209 5.21 6.77 1.626 10.000 6.000 1.440
Feb-02 1.661 0.70 8.819 8.82 11.47 2.752 10.000 6.000 1.440
Feb-03 1.661 0.70 7.643 7.64 9.94 1.908 8.000 6.000 1.152
Mar-01 4.268 0.70 5.017 5.02 6.52 1.566 10.000 6.000 1.440
Mar-02 4.268 0.70 3.154 3.15 4.10 0.984 10.000 4.100 0.984
Mar-03 4.268 0.70 2.096 2.10 2.73 0.719 11.000 2.725 0.719
Apr-01 5.909 0.70 1.212 1.21 1.58 0.378 10.000 1.576 0.378
Apr-02 5.909 0.70 0.820 0.82 1.07 0.256 10.000 1.066 0.256
Apr-03 5.909 0.70 0.317 0.00 0.00 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000
May-01 9.519 0.70 8.819 8.82 11.47 2.752 10.000 6.000 1.440
May-02 9.519 0.70 8.819 8.82 11.47 2.752 10.000 6.000 1.440
May-03 9.519 0.70 8.819 8.82 11.47 3.027 11.000 6.000 1.584
Jun-01 8.343 0.70 7.643 7.64 9.94 2.385 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jun-02 8.343 0.70 7.643 7.64 9.94 2.385 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jun-03 8.343 0.70 7.643 7.64 9.94 2.385 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jul-01 5.717 0.70 5.017 5.02 6.52 1.566 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jul-02 5.717 0.70 5.017 5.02 6.52 1.566 10.000 6.000 1.440
Jul-03 5.717 0.70 5.017 5.02 6.52 1.722 11.000 6.000 1.584
Aug-01 3.854 0.70 3.154 3.15 4.10 0.984 10.000 4.100 0.984
Aug-02 3.854 0.70 3.154 3.15 4.10 0.984 10.000 4.100 0.984

Aug-03 3.854 0.70 3.154 3.15 4.10 1.083 11.000 4.100 1.083
Sep-01 2.796 0.70 2.096 2.10 2.73 0.654 10.000 2.725 0.654
Sep-02 2.796 0.70 2.096 2.10 2.73 0.654 10.000 2.725 0.654
Sep-03 2.796 0.70 2.096 2.10 2.73 0.654 10.000 2.725 0.654
Oct-01 1.912 0.70 1.212 1.21 1.58 0.378 10.000 1.576 0.378
Oct-02 1.912 0.70 1.212 1.21 1.58 0.378 10.000 1.576 0.378
Oct-03 1.912 0.70 1.212 1.21 1.58 0.416 11.000 1.576 0.416
Nov-01 1.520 0.70 0.820 0.82 1.07 0.256 10.000 1.066 0.256
Nov-02 1.520 0.70 0.820 0.82 1.07 0.256 10.000 1.066 0.256
Nov-03 1.520 0.70 0.820 0.82 1.07 0.256 10.000 1.066 0.256
Dec-01 1.017 0.70 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000
Dec-02 1.017 0.70 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000
Dec-03 1.017 0.70 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.000 11.000 0.000 0.000
Total Rated Power in MWs 115.8

Table 4.5 Incremental Generation Chart
Period Days capacity MW 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00
Discharge Power
Month No Cumecs MW MUg MUg MUg MUg MUg MUg MUg MUg MUg MUg MUg MUg
Jan 31 0.44 0.57 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.43
Feb 28 1.06 1.38 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92
Mar 31 3.82 4.97 3.69 2.23 2.60 2.98 3.35 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.69 3.69
Apr 30 5.56 7.23 5.20 2.16 2.52 2.88 3.24 3.60 3.96 4.32 4.68 5.04 5.20 5.20
May 31 9.38 12.20 9.07 2.23 2.60 2.98 3.35 3.72 4.09 4.46 4.84 5.21 5.58 5.95
Jun 30 8.13 10.58 7.62 2.16 2.52 2.88 3.24 3.60 3.96 4.32 4.68 5.04 5.40 5.76
Jul 31 5.35 6.96 5.18 2.23 2.60 2.98 3.35 3.72 4.09 4.46 4.84 5.18 5.18 5.18
Aug 31 3.38 4.40 3.27 2.23 2.60 2.98 3.27 3.27 3.27 3.27 3.27 3.27 3.27 3.27
Sep 30 2.26 2.94 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12
Oct 31 1.32 1.72 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28
Nov 30 0.91 1.18 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85
Dec 31 0.38 0.49 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36
Total Energy Mus 40.00 19.21 21.42 23.63 25.76 27.57 29.03 30.50 31.96 33.40 34.29 35.02
Installed Capacity - Pi - MW MW Pi 12.20 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00
Total Units generated - Mus 40.00 19.21 21.42 23.63 25.76 27.57 29.03 30.50 31.96 33.40 34.29 35.02
Percent Units generation - %Ug 48% 54% 59% 64% 69% 73% 76% 80% 83% 86% 88%
Incremental Units generated - dUg 19.21 2.21 2.21 2.13 1.81 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.44 0.89 0.73
Units generated/Installed capacity - Ug/MW 19.21 14.28 11.81 10.30 9.19 8.29 7.62 7.10 6.68 6.23 5.84

Table 4.6
Installed Capacity Annual Generation Ratio to Max. Incremental Energy Generation Per
MW MU Generation Generation MU MW.
3.00 19.21 0.48 6.40
3.50 21.42 0.54 2.21 6.12
4.00 23.63 0.59 2.21 5.91
4.50 25.76 0.64 2.13 5.72
5.00 27.57 0.69 1.81 5.51
5.50 29.03 0.73 1.46 5.28
6.00 30.50 0.76 1.46 5.08
6.50 31.96 0.80 1.46 4.92
7.00 33.40 0.83 1.44 4.77
7.50 34.29 0.86 0.89 4.57
8.00 35.02 0.88 0.73 4.38
Dudhi Pathri M.H. Project 2 x 850KW) Stage 1st Part I Page 80

Consultant: EnCon Group Promoter: JAKEDA
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
Annual Energy MU
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00
Capacity in MW
Energy in MU Chart
1.00
0.90
Ratio to maximum Generation
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00
Capacity MW
Ratio of max Energy Chart

2.5
Incremental Generation MU
1.5
0.5
0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00
Capacity in MW
Incremental Energy
It is seen from the above table that
1- The ratio of annual Generation to max generation increase steadily up to installed is steady up
to 6.00MWs after which the increase is slow.
2- The incremental Generation drops too after 6.0 MWs.
3- The Generation per MW also drops the same way
It is seen while the cost of the electro mechanical installation as also the cost of civil works
required to feed the desired discharge to the power house will go on increasing with increase in
installed capacity the net benefit in terms of energy generated will decrease relatively and
sharply in case increase in installed capacity beyond the limit is considered say like 6MWs.

PART I
Chapter 5
Geology

5.0 GEOLOGY
5.1 General Location & Accessibility:-
DudhiPathri Small Hydro Electric project in Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir is
located at famous tourist spot Dudhpathri at 17.5 Km from Khan Sahib Tehsil head quarters
and 34.5 Km south of Budgam district head quarters. The project site forming part of survey of
India Topographic sheet no 43 K/9 placed at 33ᶿ50′49.55″N and Longitude 74ᶿ33’47.15″E. The
location is accessible from Tehsil and District Head Quarters through all weather roads.
The scheme envisages the development of hydro power from Shaliganga Nallah. The
proposed scheme comprises construction of diversion headwork’s, underground approach
channel and Desilting tank, headrace tunnel, surface Forebay, Penstock and power house
located at village at an elevation 2802m above MSL.
5.2 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOGRAPHY:-

The proposed project alignment lies on the left bank of Shaliganga Nallah, which is snow fed
and perennial in nature flowing from Southwest to Northeast through village DudhPathri.
The study area forms part of Karewa plateaus of South Western part of Kashmir valley along
the foot hills of Pir Panjal range with high mountains on North and South dissected by a
number of dry Nallah which are diverted towards the valley side .The highest R.L on the North -
Western watershed is 4694 m MSL and. This part of the valley exhibits dendritic pattern of
drainage. Most of the hillocks are covered by Lush green pastures and thick forest and only
parts of lower slopes are thinly forested. The study area over which the components of
proposed project are to be laid is composed of mostly recent to sub recent Alluvium reworked
by flovioglacial material and glacial morians. The Nallah bed comprises of flovioglacial
boulders of hard rock i.e. mostly Panjal trap with the flood plain area of 100-150 m
approximately on either side of the Nallah course.
5.3 REGIONAL GEOLOGY:-
The megascopic description of the rock types encountered along the different
Components of the propose project can be summarized as
1. Agglomeratic Slates and Trap:-

Rocks of this series are devisable into two broad sections

1) The lower a thick series of Pyroclartic slates, & Conglomerates called as Panjal
Agglomeratic slates.
2) The upper series known as Panjal traps an equally thick series of bedded andesitic
and Basaltic traps generally overlying the agglomerates being only next in a real distribution to
the Gneissic rocks. It builds the majority of the high peaks surrounding the Jehlum Valley from
Shams Abri to Kolhi. Considerable amount of intertrappian marine fossiliferous lime stone beds
of Permian age are seen passing into ash beds and traps above and below.
2. Zeerwan series :-
The panjal trap are directly and conformable overlain in several parts of Kashmir
by a series of beds containing Gondwana plant fossils (Gangamoptris and Glossopteris) Such
beds are seen on North- East slopes of Pir Panjal Golabgarh pass and near Gulmarg on the
opposite side of Jehlum valley & Nagmarg near wullar lake . These beds are composed of
cherts, siliceous shales, Carbonaceous Shales and flaggy beds of Quartizites with a peculiar
rock called Navaculite.
3. Triassic Series:-
A thick series of compact blue limestone, Slates and dolomites is conspicuously
displayed in many of the hills bordering the valley to the North i.e. Sindh , Lidder Guraize and
Tulel valley besides in the North - East flanks of the Pir Panjal
4. Sub Recent Alluvium
All Along the course of the Sukhnag Nallah and its small tributaries especially in
its lower reaches a thin cover of alluvium of Pleistocene or sub recent age has been deposited
on its banks. This consists of boulders of Panjal trap, quartzite, Agglomeratic slate & limestone
having varying dimensions, intermingled with clay, silt and sand etc.
5. Talus and scree
Constitute the unsorted angular and sub angular rock fragments of Agglomeratic
Slates and Traps mixed with clay forming the matrix for angular rock Pieces .The proportion of
clay is variable from place to place. The clay matrix is Dominant on gentle slopes, whereas it
becomes subordinate to rock pieces on the steep slopes. The rock fragments are rolled blocks
of the in situ rocks exposed at upper reaches.

The recemented scree has a strong resemblance to the usual fault brachia & its weathered
product resembles the fault gauge material. A distinction can however be made from the
embedded pebble Pieces which are somewhat rounded in the recemented scree.
5. Karewas
The Karewa formations of Kashmir find a wide distribution in the main valley and occupy it
from end to end. In the subsidiary Valley like North –Western part of Valley, Karewa are
continuous and form patches on the hill slopes along the foot Hills Pir Panjal Range wherever
they have survived the intense denudation of the Young and vigorous streams coming down
from the upper reaches.
Regional Seismicity As per the bureau of Indian standards the seismic zone map prepared
first time in1962 along with recommendations for earthquake resistant design of structures.
This map has under gone revisions in 1966,1970 and 1975,its revision is due after the Kashmir
earthquake of 2005.As per the classification of this map the area under report falls in seismic
zone V that can expect earthquake shocks of more or less same intensity in future as that of
the recent one of October 2005.
5.6 GEOLOGY OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS
5.6.1 WEIR SITE: Elevation 2960 m
The proposed Weir Site is located on the Nallah borne flovioglacial boulders of Panjal
volcanic series. The Nallah at Weir Site flows from North West to South East through a V-
Shaped narrow valley. Both the banks rise steeply from the Nallah bed. The axis of the
diversion Weir is in the North East-South West direction. The Nallah floor at the site shows
scattered boulders and angular to sub angular rock fragments of slates, pangal trap and a few
pieces limestone and Quartzite are also seen.
5.6.2. Intake Tunnel/ Headrace Tunnel:

The Intake tunnel 139.55 m long (RD 0-139.55m) and Headrace tunnel 1064.1 m long (RD
200.8m -1264.9 m) at an elevation 2960 m above msl have been proposed as D – shaped
Tunnels for the reason that the bank slope in this reach from diversion intake to forebay rises
very sharply and the construction of surface water conductor system on this slope would have

been very costly and difficult. The proposal of tunnel has been adopted after comparing various
alternatives with their respective cost analysis which revealed that the conveyance of water
through tunnel in this reach would only be ideal and cheap. As such the entire water conductor
system including de-silting basin has been placed underground to suit the topographical and
geological features of the site.
The tunnel alignment in both the reaches will pass through hard rock of Salkhala series
mostly Phyllites with soapy touch, Carbonacious as well as schistose Phyllites with typical Slaty
cleavage. The rock formation in the stretch is under soil cover and slope debris material at
places with exposures of hard rock trending NW-SE direction dipping in slope. This type of rock
is expected in 100% of total length of tunnel. Based on rock mass classification, it is anticipated
that 80% to 90% of tunnelling will be carried out in fair rock which may require systematic
bolting and RCC lining and remaining length is estimated to be in poor category of rock. These
stretches will need extra steel rib support.
The rock formation that is to be encountered during the construction of tunnel at

the surface appears to be jointed besides showing a fair degree of weathering. The weathering
effect at some places coupled with the multiple sets of joints has triggered rock slides and
shooting of stones. The precipitation may also be a factor for the problem by way of lubricating
the weak joint planes. However these factors will have little scope to play with the subsurface
geological set up through which the tunnel is proposed to be bored, no indication of any type of
wedge failure or slope failure was observed on the surface.
5.6.2. Underground De-silting Tank

The 61.25m long from RD 139.55 m to 200.80m proposed De-silting tank is located at EL
2960 m above MSL. The Geology under the proposed desilting basin is almost same as that of
intake tunnel.
5.6.4. Forebay
The Forebay shall be laid on surface with compact and solid rock on either side. Rock
surface expected during excavation will be fresh free from weathering effect, however, joints
and other local cracks are to be taken care of in order to avoid seepage of water.

5.6.5 Penstock
The single tube penstock pipe, 300 m long shall be placed partly underground and partly
along the slope from forebay to power house on sub-recent Alluvium and flovioglacial material.
5.6.6. Powerhouse
The power house is proposed on the left bank of Nallah and shall be located on a flood
plain river terrace reworked by the talus and scree comprising Panjal trap boulders of
different sizes having glomoporphyretic texture with angular to sub angular rock chips of
panjal volcanic embedded in slit clay and sandy matrix. The boulders are litho logically similar
to the country rock exposed in the vicinity as indicated by their roundness are river borne. of
about litho unit exposed near the power house site comprises glacial out wash material and
morines composed of unsorted boulders of Panjal trap with sub angular rock fragments of
inter trapium beds embedded in silt and sand besides Sub recent Alluvium reworked with
glacial morines flovioglacial material and Karewa mixed with loose unconsolidated soil. The
Nallah cuttings on the right bank expose the bed rock.
5.6.7. TRC (Tail race channel)
Short tail race channel is proposed from power house up to Nallah. Geological features
along the proposed alignment of TRC would be same as that of power house.

GEOLOGICAL LOGGING OF PIT-1

DUDHPATHRI SMALL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT
PROJECT COMPONENT: FOREBAY
PIT NO.: PIT -1
LOCATION: FOREBAY
LENGTH: 1.0 m
BREADTH: 1.0 m
DEPTH: 2.00 m
ELEVATION: 2959m
METHOD OF
EXCAVATION: MANUAL
LOG CHARACTERISTICS:
Pit excavated at about R.L.2959m in the Forebay area following log characteristics:-
0.0m to 0.60m : - Medium grained sand & silt with clay matrix.
0.60m to 1.00m : - Rock fragments and cheeps embedded in sand and silt.
1.0m to 2.0m : - Rounded to sub rounded rolled boulders embedded in sand

GEOLOGICAL LOGGING OF PIT-2

PROJECT COMPONENT: POWER HOUSE
PIT NO.: PIT -1
LOCATION: POWER HOUSE
LENGTH: 0.80 m
BREADTH: 0.80 m
DEPTH: 2.00 m
ELEVATION: 2801m
METHOD OF
EXCAVATION: MANUAL
LOG CHARACTERISTICS:
Pit excavated at about R.L.2801m in the power house area following log characteristics:-
0.0m to 0.60m : -. Medium grained sand with Silty matrix.
0.60m to 1.00m : - Rock fragments and chips embedded in sand and silt
1.0m to 2.0m : - Rounded to sub rounded unsorted rolled boulders embedded in
Sand and silt matrix

5.7 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
 Surface Geological investigation by way of taking geological traverses along and around
the proposed project components has been carried out to investigate the project features and
to collect required Geological data for the design of main civil structures. Detailed geotechnical
investigations by way of drilling shall be carried out at detailed design stage.
 The weir located on Nallah borne deposits is at a suitable place. Other components
downstream of weir shall be placed with proper measures like lining along the tunnel
alignment and rock bolting and shortcreting where ever warranted to stabilize the slopes as
the strata that will be encountered during tunnel boring may be pervious at places thus
susceptible to seepage of water. Also stabilization measures like grouting shall be taken at
places the rock has multiple sets of joints and cracks besides some structural displacement was
also located during the course of investigation.
 The slope stretch has been found favourable for penstock alignment. Due care shall also
be taken for mitigation of soil creep which was also observed during the course of
investigation.
 The Power House is located on left bank of Nallah. The entire area comprises of Nallah
borne material boulders of hard rock (Panjal trap) debris of cobbles, gravel, sand admixture,
and soil & flovioglacial material.
 The deepest elevation of power house would be around EL 2794.0m. While carrying out
the excavation of the power house, the ground water level at this location has to be taken into
consideration and the foundation treatment in the form of proper drainage of the power house
area shall be provided. Back hill slope of power house shall require proper stabilization
measures.
The proposed Dudhpathri SHP shall be laid more or less on stable and suitable Geological
formations and apparently shall have no adverse effect on the foundation of the proposed
project. There is no geological threat in and around circumference of the project area. Hence, it
is recommended for implementation.

PART I
Chapter 6
Civil Engineering Structures

6.0 CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
6.1 Project Layout Planning

The location of the project has been carefully done after the study of the following
parameters:
a) Suitability analysis of the different components of the hydropower scheme

b) Ecological and environmental sensitivities of the site
c) Optimal civil cost of the works
d) Geological & Geomorphology of the area.
6.1.1 All components of the project including the diversion weir, intake well and Intake
tunnel, underground desilting tank, headrace tunnel, Forebay, penstock, switchyard,
powerhouse and tail race have been located at village DudhPathri on Shaliganga
Nallah on the basis of topographical, geological, soil, ecological and environmental
study. The layout has been fixed to maximize the exploitation of available discharge
and head.
6.1.2 Diversion weir site has been proposed at appropriate location on the topographic
survey sheet on a stable and relatively flat bed slope of the Nallah.
6.1.3 The location of Intake Forebay and the alignment of water conductor system,
desilting tank, and penstock are primarily based on the geology and topography of
the area using the optimum hydraulic computation for water conductor system.
6.1.4 Although many possibilities of the water conductor system alignment exist but the
final alignment has been based on the most efficient and cost effective system after
studying the geology, topography and hydraulic features. The proposed alignment is
based on the techno-economic comparisons of all the possibilities available at the
site.

Components of the Scheme
Following are the principal components of scheme.

a. Diversion weir
b. Intake Well
c. Intake tunnel
d. Underground Desilting tank
e. Headrace Tunnel
g. Forebay
h. Escape pipe
i. Power house
j. Tailrace Channel
k. Switchyard
These are discussed in below:
6.2 Diversion Weir

Alternatives considered
Conventional types of raised-crest weir have not been found suited for steep and narrow
hilly streams. If such a weir is constructed across the stream, the rise in water level upstream of
the weir may bring a remarkable change in the flow conditions upstream. The sediments may
get deposited upstream of the crest as a result the intake can get easily choked up under in
particular stream having narrow widths. Preferably the trench across the stream been has
provided in the straight reach of the stream to avoid effect of curvilinear flow. The length of
the trench is provided over whole width of the stream. Steep slope of the trench has been
adopted to provide to facilitate the movement of the trapped sediment in the trench to intake
well. The depth of the trench has been fixed on the basis of water surface profile in the trench
with a bed slope of 1:10
Hydraulics design of Trench weir consist of fixing the dimension of the bottom rack,
trench, intake well, flushing arrangement, protection works upstream and downstream of the
trench etc. The dimensions of different components have been standardized on the basis of

certain empirical methods as per prevailing practices. Estimation of peak discharge in the
stream has been found to be 6.44 Cumecs to design the civil works of the Trench weir.
However, cross-section of the stream and resistance equation with appropriate value of
roughness coefficient have been analyzed to check the flow in the streams at its different
stages, the computation of flow parameters and design of various components of a trench
weir. The top width of the trench has been taken equal to optimum length of the bottom rack
as 2 m. The shape of the trench is proposed to be rectangular on the basis of economy.
Flow in the trench will be spatially varied with increasing discharge. For
hydrostatic pressure and uniform velocity distributions, the most common equation of spatially
varied flow has been adopted. Water passing through the racks in the trench meets normally
to the flow of water in the trench. This causes generation of vortex flow in the trench, which
goes like swirling flow into the intake well. Thus sufficient space in the intake well has been
provided to stabilize the flow. The length of the intake well has been taken equal to 2 times of
the width of the trench Sufficient space has also been provided for accumulation of sediment in
the intake well. The bed level of intake well is fixed at 2956.90m lower than the bed level intake
tunnel. Sufficient space has been provided for installing the gates. About 15% of design
discharge of trench weir has been taken as flushing discharge in the flushing pipe. It has been
ensured that at least 4 to 5 m/s or higher velocity in the flushing pipe that is found sufficient to
flush the sediment. Invert level of flushing pipe at its outfall has been kept lower than the invert
level of pipe at its inlet (2956.90m) so that in the no flow condition undesirable silting should
not occur in the pipe. Flushing of sediment is done in high flow condition in the streams. Under
such condition, head available to flush the sediment is equal to difference of HFL in the intake
well and HFL in the streams at the outfall of the pipe.
Protection Works
Trench weir has a definite advantage as it does not change the general contour
of the stream bed. As an added protection to such weirs, bed pitching in concrete blocks and/or
boulders in wire crates with retaining walls on the sides is provided for at least 15m to 20m
upstream and downstream of the trench. Boulders should be structurally strong enough to
sustain the impact of the boulders. Recent trend is also to provide granite layer on the boulders
surface to minimize the abrasion. Some stones filled sausages are required additionally to

provide the necessary protection in downstream during high floods. The minimum size stones
of relative density 2.65 are used for protection works.
Validity of Lacey’s scour depth equation to fix up the cut-off of the structure in mountain
stream is questionable. The cut-off depth been provided more than the calculated by Lacey’s
equation.
Diversion Structure
The width of the stream at this location at the pond level elevation of 2960.00m
is around 15 m. The abutments are solid boulder strata and hence provide necessary
anchorage at the ends. The intake structure is at the end of the trench weir adjacent to the
Right bank. The trench is below the bed level EL 2960.00 with a top width of 2.0m and bottom
width 2.0m and a depth uniformly varying from 1.0m at the right abutment to 2.5 m at the left
abutment where the intake structure is located. RCC key of 1.1m height with top width 1.5m
and bottom width of 0.5m is provided below the intake structure. A trash rack grill has been
provided on top of the trench opening sloped in the flow direction so that stones and pebbles
do not settle but would roll away with the stream flow. The trench itself is provided with a bed
slope of 1 in 10 in the flow direction of the diverted water so that sufficient velocity is
generated to carry away heavy silt that may find entry into the trench through the trash
opening. The intake structure is located on the right bank sufficiently away from the midstream
so that the regime of the river is not affected during normal high flood level conditions. Two
openings are provided in the intake structures, one of 2.25m x 2.0m for carrying the design
discharge to the desilting tank and the other of 0.6m dia. for carrying directly the silt collected
in the trench weir to a suitable location in the stream downstream. The intake well opening at
trench end is designed to carry 145% of the design discharge i.e.; 6.44 Cumecs to allow for the
additional requirements for flushing silt etc. Entry to these ducts is controlled by gates
operated from the top of the intake structure. The intake structure permits the release of water
to the desired extent. The top of the intake structure has been kept at EL 2966.06.m which is
above the maximum high flood level EL 2965.06 m. The 0.6m opening is continued as MS pipe
to terminate at a suitable location in the river at a level above the normal HFL. Such a location
is met within a length of pipe of about 63m.

The protection works in the river bed both upstream and downstream of the weir
consist of wire boulder crates 1250 mm x 1250 mm x 1250 mm with a topping of 100 mm
concrete M15 in case found feasible during implementation. The concrete protects the wire
mesh from tearing. These extend 7.18m on the upstream and 9.0m on the downstream. One
Concrete toe wall of 2.25m height, on the upstream and two on the downstream of the trench,
of 2.25m & 3.0m height serve as a safeguard against dislodging of the blocks and consequent
erosion. Further 3 rows of PCC Blocks of size 1.5 x1.5 x 0.9m over 600mm thick stone filling
shall be provided on the downstream side of the trench.
Design
The water diverted by the weir is fed into a rectangular, gated intake structure. This intake
structure is located on the left bank of the weir. The location of the intake structure has been
selected ensuring that the regime of the stream is not disturbed. The intake structure performs
the following functions.
i. Regulation of the discharge for power generation irrespective of the discharge

flowing in the river.
ii. Acting as an abutment for the right bank of the weir
6.2.2 Design of Trench weir
Design Discharge = 6.44 Cumecs

Pond Level = 2960.00 m
Highest Flood Level = 2965.06 m

Average bed level at Diversion site
= 2960.00 m
Width of stream
= 15.00 m
Calculations for size of Trench Weir

B = (Q/(E1 x E2 x Cd x L x (2gE)1/2)
i
E= (Q/CL)2/3 ii
Where,
Q is Diverted Discharge in Cumecs

L is Width of Stream
E1 = ratio of opening/Total area of trash rack
surface over trench = 0.5
E2 is area of opening in the trash rack likely to be
clogged = 0.5
L is length of weir across stream
E is specific Energy at any section of stream in the

trench weir
B is width of Trash rack (width of Trench weir at
top)
C is coefficient of Discharge for Broad crested weir
= 1.53
Cd Coefficient of Discharge through opening = 0.46
E = Specific Energy , from Equation (ii) = 0.43

B= Width of Trash rack (Trench weir width at top) ,
from Eq. (i) = 1.29 m
Provide, width of 2 m from practical
consideration, then width per metre providing 0.4
m/sec
Allowable velocity through Trash rack opening.
(From, Q/0.4L) = 1.073 m
Width required for 50% clogging criteria = 2.147 m
Which is less than provided width , hence safe,

Provided width = 2 m
Level of Trench weir at top is fixed at E1 = 2960.00
Check for discharge capacity of Trench weir
Design Discharge = 6.440 Cumecs
Top width of Trench weir (T) = 2 m
Let water depth along channel be = d
Area =Txd = 2 xd
Velocity head at the end of Trench hσ is given as,
hσ = n/(n+1) xA/2T

where n, is constant depending upon bottom

profile of channel = 0.5
hσ = n/(n+1) xA/2T = 0.167 xd

The corresponding discharge is given as Q=
Ax Sqrt(2gh)
where A = 2 xd
g = 9.81
h = 0.167 xd
Q is Diverted Discharge in Cumecs = 6.44 Cumecs
Depth of flow at start (d) = 1.469
Provided (d) = 1 m
Depth provided at Intake end(TW) = 2.5 m
Check for adequacy of waterway
Average Depth = 1.75 m
Area =Txd = 3.5 sq m
Wetted perimeter (P) = 5.5 m
slope provided = 0.1000
which is = 1 10.0
Using manning’s formula with value of n = 0.018
Manning’s Formula is
Q =A* R2/3S1/2/n
Q = 45.492 Cumecs
Safe
Check for adequacy of capacity with 50% clogging
Average depth = 0.875 m

Area = 1.75 sq m
Wetted perimeter (P) = 3.75 m
Therefore Discharge from Manning’s formula = 18.50 Cumecs
OK
Calculations of Levels at Intake for water conductor
Pond Level = 2960.00
Size of opening at entry of water conductor
Width = 2.25 m
Flow Depth = 1.6 m
Velocity = 1.789 m/sec
Invert of start of WCS = 2957.70 m
Design Calculations
Pond Level = 2960.00 m
Level at Trench weir end = 2957.50 m
Sill of Flushing Duct = 2956.90 m
FSL at start of WCS = 2959.30 m
Highest Flood Level = 2965.06 m
Intake shall be equipped with a Gate arrangement to prevent excessive flows entering
the water conductor system. The capacity shall be designed for 6.44 Cumecs.
6.3 Intake Tunnel/HRT
6.3.1 General
To fix in De-silting basin to the nearer location a reasonable length of 139.55 m has been
provided from Head regulator to de-silting basin in the form of Intake Tunnel to supply
discharge into water conductor system. It is recommended to have rectangular section for flow
of size 2.25x2.0 m at a bed grade of 1 in 700. The Tunnel is provided with a free board f 0.4 m
and found sufficient to absorb all the fluctuation in this part of WCS.
The FSD is 1.6 m worked out after apply manning’s equation with manning’s no
as 0.018 as per the guide lines for Small Hydel projects. The velocity produced for flow has
been adopted as 1.59 m/sec which is found to be sufficient to carry fine silt which later is
flushed out in De-silting Basin. The Design Discharge for the tunnel shall be 5.52 Cumec.
Likewise HRT in D shape has been proposed as power channel with hydraulic design features as
shown in design hereunder.
6.3.2 Hydraulic Design Of Feeder channel
D Shaped Tunnel (RD) = 0-139.55
Discharge = 5.52 Cumecs
Coefficient of rugosity , n = 0.018
Side slopes = Vertical
Free board = 0.4 m
Bed Grade = 1: 700
Slope = = 0.001429
Area =(BD+0.5D2)
Where, Bed width of Channel (Assumed) = B = 2.25m
Full Supply Depth D = 1.6m
Area of Flow 'A' = 3.60sq-m
Wetted Perimeter 'P' = 5.45m
Hydraulic mean Radius R = A/P = 0.66m
velocity = V R2/3S1/2/n =
1.59m/sec
Where
R2/3 0.758m
S1/2 0.038
Calculation for passing of Discharge =
3.60 X 1.59
5.73 Cumecs
Which is Ok
6.4 Desilting Tank (RD 139.55m to RD 200.80m including U/S and D/S transitions)
6.4.1 Generals
For most part of the year silt content in Banihal Nallah water is almost insignificant with
the silt factor of 6-6.5. Monsoons have very marginal effect on the flow in Nallah but in storms it
carries boulders, small stones / pebbles and silt particles. Since it is proposed to keep bed level
of shingle flushing duct below the invert of water conductor system by 0.6m, boulders /pebbles
and debris shall not enter the Supply channel and only the silt particles suspended in water
shall enter the approach channel. These silt particles need to be removed from water
before its entry into Forebay For this purpose considering project capacity a simple single bay
de-silting tank has been proposed. Flushing of silt shall be done through 600 mm Diameter MS
pipe and shall discharge back into main stream above HFL.
The location of de-silting basin has been adopted at a place wherein comparatively
shorter length for an edit is available and is found ideal to pass silt flushing pipe/channel and is
placed very near to intake structure, the deepest level in de-silting duct as shown in drawing,
where from silt flushing pipe has been proposed to carry away the silt to meet Nallah (above
HFL) with sufficient grade in pipe line. The effort has been made to minimise the length of
flushing pipe, as it has been observed that during the operation of projects the longer lengths of
flushing pipes has the tendency to get choked making cleaning an uphill task and at times
impossible particularly when the diameter is small. Therefore the basin has been fixed at
location as shown in General Layout, starting at RD 139.55 m.
It is recommended as per the standard guide lines to remove silt particles of size 0.2mm
and above through the process in which flow through velocity and moderate settling velocities
have been adopted as 0.197m/sec and 0.025m/sec respectively. The length of the main tank is
worked out to be 45.0 m with de-silting basin width of 6.0 m, the depth of flow is 4.68 m. All
these dimensions have been adopted in such a way so as to suit the site conditions besides
requirements from Forebay stand point.
Desilting Basin Design
Discharge for Desilting Tank = 5.52Cumecs
Smallest particle size to be removed = = 0.2mm and above
Max. Flow through velocity, V =a x d1/2
Where,
d, Particle size to be removed in mm
a, Factor varying with particle size shall be = 44
Therefore Velocity, V shall be = 0.197m/sec
for the assessed silt load and particle size the

settling velocity shall be, V2 = 2.7cm/sec
Let the width of Tank be = 6m
Depth required shall be = 4.68m
Moderate settling velocity shall be after

making adjustment for turbulance in flow = 2.54cm/sec
= 0.0254m/sec
Therefore, Settling length of Tank shall be = 36.3m
Provided length of Tank = 45m
Length of upstream Transition with siplay, 1:6 = 8.25m
Length of downstream Transition = 8.00m
Total length of Desilting Tank = 61.25m
6.4.3 The desilting basin for this scheme is proposed at RD 139.55m to 200.80m including U/s
and D/s Transitions, wherein U/s transition is 8.25 m
6.4.4 Another 8.0m long transition (contraction) has been provided to reduce the width to
meet up with the width of Power Channel.
Total length of the desilting tank including the transitions is 61.25 m with 600 mm Dia.
MS flushing pipe and 600mm Dia. sluice valve.
6.4.5 Along the centreline of desilting tank, a trench wide with its depth increasing from 0.2m
at the beginning to 1.2m at the end has been provided for passing the silt which shall be
flushed through MS pipe 600 mm dia. back to Nallah by opening the sluice Valve. Most likely
regular operation of Desilting basin shall be in summer months only.
6.5 Head Race Tunnel (from RD 200.80m to RD 1264.9m

About 20% of the water shall be used for flushing the silt back to the Shaliganga Nallah
through the silt- flushing duct. Therefore, maximum discharge available in HRT from Desilting
basin onwards shall be 4.60 Cumecs. However 10% extra discharge shall be absorbed in free
board during overload which has not been included in the design as part FSD. It is
recommended to have D shaped Tunnel in this reach at a bed grade of 1 in 1000. The tunnel is
provided with a free board of 0.4 m and found sufficient to absorb all the fluctuation in this
part of WCS. The velocity of flow has been kept at reasonable limit of 1.33 m/sec.
The FSD is 1.6 m, worked out after apply manning’s equation with manning’s no
as 0.018 as per the guide lines for Small Hydel projects. The Construction of Tunnel has been
preferred due to the reasons mentioned in above chapters. The Crown part of Tunnel which has
been put as Semi circle shall be shotcrete of 50 mm thickness optionally with wire mesh in it.
Rock bolting shall be done wherever is it may be required. Rock is supposed to be stable inside
as Rib support may not be needed inside the tunnel.
Hydraulic Design of Power channel
Rectangular channel RD in m 1264.9
Discharge = 4.60 Cumecs
Coefficient of rugosity n = 0.018
Free board 0.4m
Bed Grade = 11000
Slope = 0.001
Area = (BD+0.5D2)
Bed width of Channel (Assumed) = B 2.25m
Full Supply Depth D = 1.6m
Area of Flow 'A' = 3.60sq-km
Wetted Perimeter 'P' = 5.45m
Hydraulic mean Radius R = A/P = 0.66m
Where Velocity, V = R2/3S1/2/n = 1.33m/sec
Where,
R2/3 = 0.758m
S1/2 = 0.032
3.60 X 1.33
4.8 Cumecs
Which is Ok
6.6 Forebay
Forebay has the basic purpose of providing water regulation in case of load rejection
fulfilling the immediate water demand at the start of generating units. For Dudh Pathri
small hydropower project it is proposed to have surface forebay Tank at the end of HRT.
It shall provide a minimum storage volume above Minimum Draw down Level (MDDL) for
120 seconds at the minimum water demand of 4.6 Cumecs. . The proposed Forebay tank
shall be rectangular in shape of Size 45x 6.1 m size with an overall depth of 7.0m in
forebay pool. However bed of Forebay has been adopted in slope as per requirement.
The FSL and MDDl in Forebay shall 2957.46 m and 2955.46 m respectively. The
placement of Forebay has been considered in line with Geology of the location and to
limit internal width of Forebay to 6.1m. The structure shall be provided with intake
arrangement having Forebay pool with provisions for silt flushing arrangement and
Intake service gate to control flow into penstock having length of 300 m.
The Forebay Tank shall be of RCC grade M20 and shall have an Escape Bowl as
well which could have been avoided in this case but has been included from
environmental point of view along with laying of Escape arrangement kept in form of a
short length of Escape Pipe and is constructed in monolithic to the structure with height
equal to the Forebay pool height. In Forebay a depressed part called as Forebay pool has
been provided to accommodate height of intake bell mouth which in this case is 1.92m
fixed in proportion to the penstock diameter of 1.2 m, further bottom sill of 0.55m and
Water seal measuring from FSL to MDDL which will avoid any vortex formation in pool
along with creation of live storage. The Forebay pool is also equipped with Trash rack
arrangement for full height of Intake to avoid and trash entry into penstock. An air vent
pipe of 300 mm diameter will be fixed downstream of Intake service gate in the Intake
wall. Design of Forebay has purely been made of section to suite site conditions which
shall involve overall cutting depth of 4 to 8 m as available soil condition should not of any
major critical issue.
6.5.1 Design of Forebay
Discharge Q = 4.60Cumecs
Design Discharge = 4.60Cumecs
Diameter of Penstock = 1.20m
Full Supply Level at Entry = 2957.46m
Assuming MDDL = 2955.46m
Therefore operating depth = 2.00m
Provided operating depth = 2.00m
Bell Mouth Height H = 1.92m
Bottom Sill .2h+.25 = 0.55m
Min. Water seal = 1.54m
Bed Level of Pool of Forebay = 2951.46m
Free Board = 1.00m
Overall depth of Pool = 7.00m
Allow Storage i.e Capacity of Forebay = 2Minutes
Allow Storage =
Discharge Q = 4.60
Required Storage Capacity = 552Cum
Take Water depth as = 2.00m
Min Draw down Level at Forebay = 2955.46m
Surface Area of Fore Bay = 276m
Let Length of Forebay be = 45.00m
then width of Forebay = 6.1m
Adopted width = 6.1m
Therefore Live storage of Forebay = 552Cum
Hence Overall Size of Fore Bay is ok
6.6.1 Design of escape

In the scenario of load rejection all the incoming water shall be allowed to have free fall from
forebay over the proposed escape spillway into the collection chamber wherefrom the water
shall be thrown to Shaliganga Nallah through a MS pipe flowing under pressure beyond this
point. MS escape pipe of 600mm, diameter will be sufficient to prevent damages that may
occur to the forebay tank in case the overflow is not properly guided. The pipe flow shall be
directly dropped into Nallah over Big boulders available in the Nallah. Further it has been
proposed to have Spillway Bowl at Forebay itself which shall collect and guide flow into the
said Escape pipe. As the discharge is very small, this free flow MS pipe proposal in place of
conventional spillways has been found as efficient working solution and economical as well
especially for a mini hydro project. The MS pipe shall be made of 6mm thick MS plates and is
proposed to be rested on RCC Saddle blocks.
Design of Escape at Forebay.
Design Discharge Q = 4.60 Cumecs
Provide Head Over Crest H = 0.4 m
We know Q = 1.7*L*H1.5 =
Where L is length of Crest in m. =
Applying above equation Length of Crest L = 10.7 m

Therefore Provide Sharp Crested spill over of
Length = 10.7 m
Full supply Level of Forebay = 2957.46 m
Head over Crest = 0.4 m
Max Level of Flow in Forebay = 2957.86 m
Top of Forebay = 2958.46 m
Freeboard for Escape = 0.60 m
Hydraulic Design of Tailrace Channel.
Discharge Q = 4.60Cumecs
Free board = 0.6m
Bed Grade = 1: 500
Area == BD+0.5D2
Assumed Bed width of Canal = B = 4.2m
Assume depth of channel = D = 0.7m
Area = 2.94sm
Wetted Perimeter = 5.60m
Hydraulic mean Radius = 0.53m
velocity , V= R2/3S1/2/n
= 1.62 m/sec
Where,
R2/3 == 0.651m
S1/2== 0.045
Calculation for passing of Discharge = 2.94
X 1.62
= 4.75Cumecs
Which is ok
Tailrace Max. and Min. Level =
Discharge Q = 0.920 Cumecs
Side slopes = Vertical = H V
Free board = 0.6m
Bed Grade = 1 500
= 0.002
Area = BD+0.5D2
Assumed Bed width of Canal, B = 4.2m
Min. Depth, D = 0.25m
So, Area = 1.05sq-m
Wetted Perimeter W.P = 4.70m
Hydraulic mean Radius = 0.30m
velocity V = R2/3S1/2/n = 1.11m/sec
Where =
R2/3 = 0.448m
S1/2 = 0.045
1.05 X
= 1.11
Which is ok = 1.17 Cumecs
6.7 Penstock
6.7.1 General
Penstock— a pipe used for the conveyance of water under pressure from Forebay tank to
the turbine is proposed to be of MS Grade B. IS 2062 to be adopted for DudhPathri small
hydropower project. The penstock installation proposed is surface with well designed saddle
blocks and on the bends anchor blocks have been proposed.
The radius of curvature in penstock profile is proposed to be three times the diameter of
the penstock for efficient hydraulic flow and the bends are proposed to have successive
segments of curved portion with optimum deflection angles avoiding sharp changes in the
direction of flow. Air vent is proposed to be provided in the intake wall of Forebay avoiding the
development of negative pressures also accelerating the draining.
A single penstock aligned on the hill slope takes off from the forebay. The single
penstock 1.20 m in diameter is fitted with a bifurcation near the power house to feed two
generation units located in the power house. The branch pipes of the bifurcation are of 850
mm dia. each. The diameter has been selected on the basis of optimisation studies. The
penstock has been designed for maximum discharge of 4.6 Cumecs. The steel liner for the
penstock is proposed to be manufactured out of IS-2062 stock. The thickness of the still liner
shall be 8 to 14 mm. Anchor blocks have been provided at the bends.
6.7.2 Design of Penstock

Design Head of penstock = 157.96 m
Economical Dia. of penstock from empirical formula "D" =( P/H)0.466
Where D = Penstock Dia. in feet.
P= Rated HP.
H= Rated Head in feet.
Therefore Diameter of penstock. =
P= 8042.9 HP
H= 518.23 Feet
P/H = 15.52
D= 3.59 Feet
So, Diameter of penstock = 1.09 m
Also Dia. D= 5.821(P/H)0.4043
Where, P= Installed capacity in MW.
H= Design Head in Metre
P/H = 0.04
Therefore D = 1.55 m
Hence chosen Diameter between the two values as = 1.2 m
Sectional area = 1.13 m2
Velocity in penstock = 4.07 m/sec
6.7.3 Pressure Rise

The design of penstock is also dependent upon water hammer—a phenomenon of
sudden pressure rise. In the operation of the hydropower plants the gradual change in flow
cannot be guaranteed as the governing apparatus or plant operator rapidly opens or closes the
inlet value with the change in velocity leading to the corresponding changes in the kinetic
energy. The change in kinetic energy gives rise to the pressure surges in the penstock with the
phenomenon being referred to as the ‘water hammer.’ The size of momentary pressure surges
can be significant and in case these exceed the static pressure will lead to the burst of the pipes
or leading to the reduction of pressure below the ambient pressure causing the pipes to
collapse.
The parameter used to indicate the circumstances under which the water hammer
should be considered is called the critical time.
6.7.4 Pressure Rise in Penstock
Max. Water Level at Forebay = 2957.86 m
Design Discharge for main penstock = 4.60 Cumecs
Penstock Diameter = 1.2 m
Area pf Penstock = 1.13 m2
Velocity in Penstock = 4.07 m/sec
Lowest Level of Penstock = 2798.9 m
Internal Steady Head = 158.96 m
Check for Pressure rise
Taking Thickness of Liner t = 14 mm
Diameter of penstock d = 1200 mm
Ratio of d/t = 85.71
Pipe line constant in ft. unit K = av/2gh = 1.4
V= Velocity = 4.07 m/sec
h= steady head =
Time line constant t= 10 Sec
Gate closure
Length of penstock L = 315 m
Time constant factor =
aT/2L = 16.45
Where from manual constant a (for above d/t ratio)= 3400
Ratio of pressure rise to initial steady head 2.K.P = 0.270
reading from allievi chart P = 0.1
where P is read from allievi chart.
Hence pressure rise 27.0%
Max allowable pressure rise in penstock = 30% 30%
Hence Ok 30%
Calculation for Thickness of Penstock Pipe
Gross Head = 158.96 m
Stress in steel = 1050 kgs/cm2
Diameter of penstock = 1200 mm
Pressure rise due to water hummer = 30.0% .%
Total Head = 206.65 m
Pressure = 20.6647 kgs/cm2
Thickness of steel liner =
From Equation , PxD/2×σ = 11.81 mm
where P pressure, D ia Dia in cm =
Add for corrosion and abrasion = 1.5 mm
Thickness of pipe for main penstock = 13.31 mm
Provide thickness of pipe = 14 mm
Safe
Thickness for handling criteria
Thickness t = (D+50)/400 =
Where D is diameter in cm =
Therefore t = 0.425 cm
4.25 mm
Hence provided thickness = 14 mm is safe
6.8 Economic Diameter of Penstock

Economic diameter of penstock has been calculated on the basis of empirical formulae
derived on the basis of parametric study of the existing power projects in India.
Discharge in Penstock = 4.60 Cumecs

Discharge in Cusecs = 162.47 Cusecs
Gross Head available = 157.96 m
Head with Water Hammer Pressure (30%) = 288.91 m 947.86
velocity in Penstock , from Q=Av = Q/A
Area of Penstock = Л/4xD2
Velocity interms of Q and D = 4Q/ЛD2
Therefore, Velocity V = 206.82
D2
Using Scobey's formulae , Power losses for 1000 rfts. (Scobey's formulae)
V= D0.58xhf0.526
Ks0.526
hf0.526 Ks.526xV
D0.58
Therefore hf = KsxV1.9/D1.1x(1/1000)
0.34 206.82 x 1
D2xD1.1 1000
4.9
8.53 ÷ D
(Per Rft.)
Penstock Length = 1033.52 rft

Total hf = 8818.89 ÷ D4.9
Entrance Loss
Entrance Loss = 0.2 x Ve2

2g
Where, Ve is Entrance velocity = 1.67 x Penstock velocity
Entrance Area = 1.67 x 3.142 D2
4
which is = 1.31 x D2
Ve =Q/A = 162.47 x D2
1.31
which is = 123.9 x D2
Entrance loss ,he = 47.6 ÷ D4
Bend Loss
hb = KV2/2g
Taking value of k = 1.26
Therefor from above hb = 0.0196 x 206.82 sq
D2
837 ÷ D4
Cost of Power loss annually QHLfR x 8760

15
..= 73057.30617 x HL
Diameter D4 Entrance Bend Loss D4.9 Friction Total Loss Power Loss
Feet Loss Loss
47.6 837 8818 73057 HL
D4 D4 D4.9
1.31 2.97 16.06 282.10 3.79 2327.50 2625.66 191823319.93
1.64 7.24 6.58 115.55 11.31 779.88 902.01 65898402.52
1.97 15.02 3.17 55.72 27.63 319.18 378.08 27621511.25
2.30 27.82 1.71 30.08 58.80 149.97 181.76 13278873.79
2.62 47.47 1.00 17.63 113.13 77.95 96.59 7056572
2.95 76.03 0.63 11.01 201.47 43.77 55.41 4047776
3.28 115.88 0.41 7.22 337.62 26.12 33.75 2465935
3.61 169.67 0.28 4.93 538.59 16.37 21.59 1577124
3.94 240.30 0.20 3.48 824.93 10.69 14.37 1049934.76
4.27 330.98 0.14 2.53 1221.10 7.22 9.89 722867.14
4.59 445.18 0.11 1.88 1755.73 5.02 7.01 512117.42
4.92 586.66 0.08 1.43 2461.94 3.58 5.09 371847.55
5.25 759.46 0.06 1.10 3377.68 2.61 3.78 275835.77
Thickness of penstock t = WHD/2ns

P = Water pressure including water hammer is WH
s= stresses in steel (Permissible)
D = Diametre of pen stock
n= efficiency = 0.9
s = 2400 kgs/cm2 or 34000 PSI
Now W = Unit weight of water = 62.4Lbs/cft
H= 947 Feet
t= WHD/2ns = 0.081 D
Handling thickness = .03D+.05
Add for Corrosion = 0.063 in 1.60mm
Absolute
Dia Min. Thk. Corrosion T.Thk. In
Thk.
Feet .03D+.05 .04D 0.063
1.3124 0.089372 0.052496 0.063 0.115496
1.6405 0.099215 0.06562 0.063 0.12862
1.9686 0.109058 0.078744 0.063 0.141744
2.2967 0.118901 0.091868 0.063 0.154868
2.6248 0.128744 0.104992 0.063 0.167992
2.9529 0.138587 0.118116 0.063 0.181116
3.281 0.14843 0.13124 0.063 0.19424
3.6091 0.158273 0.144364 0.063 0.207364
3.9372 0.168116 0.157488 0.063 0.220488
4.2653 0.177959 0.170612 0.063 0.233612
4.5934 0.187802 0.183736 0.063 0.246736
4.9215 0.197645 0.19686 0.063 0.25986
5.2496 0.207488 0.209984 0.063 0.272984
Weight of Penstock
W = Л D*L*t/12*unitwt
Unit wt. = 490 lbs/cft
L= 1033 Feet
D= DIA.
t= Thickness In inch.
W= 37.37 Dt
cost of steel= 130000 per ton
Capital = 7690536 Dt
Interest = 14%
Interest = 1076675 Dt
Annual cost of Penstock. = 8767211 Dt
Annual cost of Annual Cost of Total cost per

Dia Thickness-In
Penstock-Lacs power loss-Lacs year-Lacs
1.312 0.115 13.289 1918.233 1931.52
1.641 0.129 18.499 658.984 677.48
1.969 0.142 24.464 276.215 300.68
2.297 0.155 31.184 132.789 163.97
2.625 0.168 38.659 70.566 109.22
2.953 0.181 46.889 40.478 87.37
3.281 0.194 55.874 24.659 80.53
3.609 0.207 65.614 15.771 81.38
3.937 0.220 76.109 10.499 86.61
4.265 0.234 87.359 7.229 94.59
4.593 0.247 99.364 5.121 104.48
4.922 0.260 112.124 3.718 115.84
5.250 0.273 125.639 2.758 128.40
6.8.1 Penstock bifurcations

Two turbines have been proposed with the single penstock of 1200mm diameter
bifurcated near the upstream end of the power house. The dia. of the bifurcated penstocks
works out 850 mm based on the equal velocity criteria for least hydraulic disturbance.
Adopted diameter of branch pipe shall be = 850mm
6.8.1 Anchor Blocks and Saddle Piers

These support piers and thrust blocks have the function of providing necessary forces to
a rigid pipe to check undesired movement.
6.8.1.1 Anchor Blocks

These are needed at every change of direction and at intermediate points and also if the
distance between any two exceeds 150 m. As per IS: 5330-1984 the Anchor blocks are
required to hold pipe at intervals along its length for:
 Prevention of line sliding down the hill

 Control the direction of expansion
 Resist the unbalanced hydrostatic forces at the change of direction of the pipeline and
 Prevent pipe movement as a consequence of the water hammer
The possible forces on the Anchor blocks include:
i. Hydrostatic pressure on exposed end of the pipe

ii. Hydrodynamic forces acting along the axis of the pipe on each side of the bend
iii. Forces due to dead weight of the pipe and the weight of the water uphill and downhill
The foundation of the Anchor blocks shall be designed so that the maximum pressure on
the foundation shall not exceed the allowable bearing capacity of the soil determined as
specified in IS 1904-1978. The permissible bearing capacity shall be increased in
accordance with IS: 1893-1975 for seismic condition.
6.8.1.2 Saddle Piers

The force created by the weight of the portion of pipe and enclosed water supported by
the pier is divided into two components:
Parallel to the pipe
Perpendicular to the pipe
Since the support pier is not designed to resist significant longitudinal forces and remains
therefore unaffected by the component of this weight parallel to the pipe. IS 11639 Part-I have
been followed for the design of saddle supports.
For DudhPathri project the spacing between any two saddles, structural stability and
safety against sliding and overturning have been found in order. The Saddle support spacing
for the Penstock shall be adopted as 6 m.
6.9 Power House
6.9.1 General
The layout of the power house has been prepared as per relevant IS Codes including IS
12800 (Part 3); 1991 and in terms of manuals in practice.
It is proposed to have a surface power house on a relatively plain terrain and are large
enough to accommodate the electrical and mechanical equipment. The site for the power
house is geologically stable on the left bank of the river. The power house is indoor type so
that all erection and maintenance of the machines is done within the power house itself.
The size of the power house has been arrived at after the detailed layout plan of the units,
control panels and service space and other requirements. The size and location of the power
house also takes into consideration the surface drainage, ventilation, lighting etc. The location
of the gantry columns has been based on the economy and the machine layout.
The location of power house site and the fixing of the machine hall floor level and the setting
level of turbines have been determined by the HFL and minimum tail water level in the stream
and tail pool, with the machine floor having been kept above the HFL ensuring that the power
house is not flooded.
6.9.2 Design of Power House
Power house design has been divided into two units:
a. Superstructure
b. Substructure
The major components of superstructure are:
i. Roof
ii. Roof support system
iii. Gantry Girder
iv. Gantry Columns
v. Cross Beams or Braces
vi. Panel Walls
vii. Floor
Forces on the superstructure are:
Dead Loads: This includes the self load of the structure and permanent superimposed
loads
Live Loads: For roof and floor as per IS: 4247
Wind Loads: As per IS: 875
Crane loads: Weight of the fully loaded crane and longitudinal and lateral impact forces.
Seismic Forces: Using IS: 1893
Water Pressure and earth pressure wherever applicable.
6.9.3 Permissible Stresses

The permissible stresses for the design of the superstructure are taken as per IS: 456 for
RCC and IS: 800 for structural steel. These have been increased for different combination
of loads in accordance with IS: 4247.
S. No Load Combinations Permissible increase in

stresses
1 DL+LL+ moving crane loaded to half of its capacity +normal 8%
TWL
2 DL+LL+ moving crane loaded to half of its capacity 25%
+temperature +normal TWL and wind load
3 DL+LL+ moving crane loaded to half of its capacity 25%

+temperature+ normal TWL
4 DL+LL+ un loaded standing Crane+ 33.3%
temperature++earthquake+ maximum TWL (annual)
5 DL+LL+ moving crane loaded to half of its capacity+ 33.3%

temperature+ TWL(maximum possible)
6 DL+ temporary construction load 25%
The permissible stresses for rivets, bolts, etc are increased by 25% only in all the cases
from serial 2 to 6.
In view of the site conditions, location, power house size and the economy in the
construction truss of structural steel with CGI sheeting has been proposed. The thickness
of the sheets has been determined on the spacing of the purlins. The CGI sheets shall
conform to IS: 277. It is laid on purlins and is secured by hook bolts 8 to 10 mm diameter
spaced at 400 mm Centre to centre. Joints along the length have an overlap of 150 mm
and joints along the sides of the sheet overlap two corrugations and rivets /screws have
been proposed at 300 mm c/c. The holes will be provided through the ridge and curved
washers have been provided to prevent leakages.
6.9 .4 Roof Supports

The purlins rest on structural steel trusses with the spacing of the trusses being
determined by the spacing of RCC columns in the layout of the power house.
6.9.5 Gantry Beams

The gantry beams of RCC have been proposed from the economy of construction. These
beams have been designed for moments, shear forces and thrust transmitted to it by the
longitudinal frame when the crane is positioned in the scenario of worst effect.
6.9.6 Columns
From the economy of construction and the speed of construction RCC columns are ideally
suited to the site. Columns are subject to moments in longitudinal and transverse
directions and direct thrusts and are designed for biaxial bending and direct thrust using
the design procedure of IS: 4247-Part II and the reinforcement as per IS:456. The
columns are supported by RCC raft floor to ensure that the pressure below the base is
limited to safe bearing capacity.
6. 9.7 Panel Walls

Panel walls have been proposed of brick masonry spanning between the columns and
beams and the thickness being 225 mm.
6.9.8 Substructure
This is the part of the structure below the machine hall floor and is proposed to be rigid
gravity structure. The stability analysis therefore considers the following:
a. Overturning and bearing pressure

b. Shear friction factor
c. Floatation
The analysis is done in both longitudinal and transverse directions and the loads for
design are as:
a. Dead load of structure including embedded parts

b. Main equipment loads such as turbines, generators, transformers etc.
c. Crane loads including horizontal thrust
d. Live loads
e. Wind loads as per IS: 875
f. Penstock thrust including water hammer
g. Weight of water acting on the substructure i.e. in scroll case, draft tube etc.
h. Back-fill pressure
i. Water pressure due to TWL
j. Uplift pressure
k. Pull of conductor if fixed on building
l. Seismic forces in accordance with IS: 1893.
6.10 Generator Floor

The generator floor is designed to carry the load of machines, live load and any other
thrust transferred through turbines, generators or any other machine. It has been
designed as RCC raft with openings/pits as required for equipment and the cable
trenches etc.
6.12 Tailrace Channel
Out flow from two numbers draft tube openings shall be flown into a common tailrace
pool which shall finally be led to the stream through a tail channel. The channel shall be RCC
structure or random rubble masonry structure. The channel is designed to have a discharging
capacity of 20%% of one unit discharge under minimum tail water level condition and 120% of
full design discharge of both the turbines under normal and maximum tail water level
conditions. The discharging capacity in each case is determined by Manning's formula which
shall be rectangular in shape with RCC bed raft laid in reverse slope in pool, to form the crest at
its end. The crest level has been provided in conjunction to the flow depth in Tailrace Channel to
maintain minimum tailrace water level during lowest power generation from the plant during
lean flow condition to avoid cavitations’ of turbines. Tail race channel shall be directly connected
to the converged pool. This structure is used for sending the tailrace waters from power house to
Source stream. The tail race channel has been designed as RCC structure with for required
discharge capacities with free board of 0.6 m. The channel has been designed as a rectangular
RCC structure up to the bank of the stream and thereafter on crate construction in the stream
bed making it flexible and repairable after flood seasons. The size of the tail race is 4.20 m wide
with the full length made of RCC with Tailrace pool size as shown in Drawing. The FSD in the
channel shall be 0.7 m at a bed grade of 1 in 500.
PART I
Chapter 7
Electro-Mechanical Works
7.0 ELECTRO-MECHANICAL WORKS
7.1 General
7.1.1 The gross head available for the power plant is 157.96 m and the net head work out to
153.51 m. An installed capacity of 6000 kW comprising 2 generating units of 3000 kW
capacity each would be provided at the surface type power station located on the left
bank of Shaliganga Nallah.
7.1.2 For the available discharge and the head, reaction turbine of Francis type is appropriate
as the prime mover. The turbines will be coupled to synchronous generators shaft
directly. The particulars of layout of the power station equipment and of the turbine,
generator, controls and other associated equipment to be installed inside the power
station and outdoor switchyard given in the following sections.
7.2 Power House and Equipment Layout
7.2.1 The generating unit will have a horizontal shaft arrangement with two units having a
longitudinal arrangement parallel to the length axis of the power house. The reaction
turbine has the characteristics that due to the head, the water entering the turbine
casing is under pressure and passing through the passages between the guide vanes
having acquired a velocity. Energy partly in kinetic form and partly in pressure form is
responsible for the rotation of the runner. The water leaving the runner possesses kinetic
energy and a large portion of which is recovered in the draft tube. Each unit will
discharge water through a draft tube into a common tail race pool. The two draft tubes
from the two units will lead into a common pool/channel at the downstream end of the
power house which will discharge water directly into source Nallah. The service bay is
placed at the Front end of the power house where road access is contemplated. The
generating units are located well above the expected flood level in Source Nallah.
7.2.2 Hydraulic Turbine
The turbine shall be horizontal shaft, reaction turbine of Francis type suitable for
coupling to horizontal shaft synchronous generator of Turbine output 3000 kW
capacities. The turbine shall be capable of giving output higher than the rated output to
match the 10% overload capability of the generator. The specific speed of the turbine
shall be as per the best modern practice and proven design and operation, however in
the design sheet the specific speed has been adopted at 89.67 RPM. The turbine will be
provided with suitable electro-hydraulic / mechanical governor to ensure control of
speed under all conditions of loading. Speed response elements, restoring mechanism
and load limiting devices will be integral parts of the governing system.
7.2.3 The turbine shall also be provided with emptying water system, safety devices
instrumentation, etc. A relatively moderate speed of 750 rpm of the turbine has been
chosen as this will be helpful in reduction of erosion damage which is an important
maintenance problem for the run-of-the-river schemes in the region and this speed
avoids any deep cutting in power in respect of fixing minimum tailrace water level. The
turbine design shall permit quick and easy replacement of wearing parts and interchange
ability. Material and composition shall be resistant to wear with seals having good
safeguard against erosion.
7.2.4 The turbine runner is precision ground cast 13% chromium and 4% nickel stainless steel
which is invariably secured to the shaft with standard self centering ring feeders for ease
of assembly and dismantling with the runner cast in one piece. The guide vanes are of
fabricated steel with stainless steel trunnions. The guide vane bushes are of self
lubricating material. The regulating mechanism consists of levers secured to trunnions
and interconnected by self aligning links. A hydraulic cylinder forms the servomotor shall
be used for controlling the guide vane openings. The spiral casing, stay ring, draft tube,
top and bottom covers are fabricated from steel plate. A radial thrust cum guide bearing
is provided and mounted on top cover. The main shaft is either a hollow forging or
welded tubular construction. Self lubricating type bearings with external circuits for oil or
cooling water will be incorporated.
7.2.5 The particulars of the turbines shall be as follows:
Number of turbines = 2
Type = Reaction Francis
Rated output =3000 kW
Rated head = 153.51 m
Nominal discharge = 2.3 Cumecs
Maximum pressure rise =30%
Maximum speed rise = 35%
7.2.6 Generators
The generators shall be horizontal shaft, alternating current, synchronous type for
coupling direct to water driven prime mover turbine as described in the preceding paras.
Number of Generators = 2
Rated Output = 3000 kW
Overload capacity (optional) 10%
Power factor = 0.9
Rated voltage = 3.3 kV + 10%
Frequency = 50 Hz.
Range of frequency variation = + 3%
Number of phases 3, star connected
Inertia constant Not less than 1.0
Short circuit ratio not less than 1.0
7.2.7 As in the case of turbine, nearest standard rating of the manufacturers would be
considered if advantageous otherwise. The generator shall be star connected and all the
six main and neutral leads shall be brought out for both grounded and ungrounded
operation. Necessary CTs, PTs surge protection, neutral grounding equipment shall form
part of the supply of the generator. Brushless shaft driven exciter system shall be
provided with the generators together with all equipment required for control of voltage,
output, power factor etc. All required instrumentation, the generator winding, as well as
rotor shall be insulated with class ‘F’ insulation however, the temperature rise for normal
operation shall be limited to those for class ‘B’ insulation to ensure long life of the plant.
The generator shall be natural air cooled, self-ventilated type provided with cooling
system based on closed circuit air circulation principle. The cooling system shall be
complete with temperature and flow indicators, thermostats, relays, alarm and
annunciations devices etc. The generator shall be provided with operated brakes for
operation automatically at the desired speed rise of 30%.
7.2.8 Fly Wheel and Field Poles

Necessary flywheel effect shall be incorporated with the rotating parts of the generator
and shall be determined in consultation with turbine manufacturer. In case requisite
moment of inertia for limiting the permissible rise in speed is not available from the
rotating parts, a separate flywheel shall be provided to furnish the additional flywheel
effect required. The field poles shall be provided with adequate damper windings to
improve stability under fault condition.
7.2.9 Stator
The stator frame shall be of fabricated steel construction designed to withstand bending
stresses and deflections due to its self weight and weight of the complete core to be
supported by it. The stator core shall be built up of segmental hunching of low loss, non-
oriented steel sheets. The design and construction of rotor shall be in accordance with
the best modern practice. Adequate factor of safety at maximum runaway speed based
on yield point of material shall be ensured by the manufacturer and shall be not less than
1.5. The stator winding shall be of the type which will minimise losses and heating due
to circulating currents. The strands shall be of annealed copper, free from splinters,
flaws, rough spots, or sharp corners. The end portions of the coils and the connections
shall be rigidly supported and braced to prevent vibration and distortion under stresses
caused by the most severe short circuit conditions to which the generator may be
subjected.
7.2.10 Generator Shaft

The generator shaft shall be made of the best quality forged carbon steel properly heat
treated. The shaft shall be of adequate size to operate at all speeds including maximum
runaway speed and shall be able to withstand short circuit stresses without excessive
vibrations or distortion with the generator shaft being single shaft. The Generator shall
be single shaft directly joined to Runner.
7.3 Penstock
A single penstock from the Forebay will carry water to the prime mover and shall
bifurcate at the lower end before entering the power station will the help Y-piece to two
pipes which will feed water to the Francis turbines duly controlled by the Main inlet
valves.
7.4 Inlet Valve

Butterfly type inlet valve of modern design single seat shall be used as a closing device as
being operationally more simple and overall economical. The inlet valve shall be
activated by pressure from the hydraulic servomotor and counter weight. All accessories
shall be provided which shall include remote operation from control panel. With the
provision of inlet valve, only a simple gate, operated with motor and hoist will be
provided at the Forebay for penstock.
7.5 Electrical Scheme of Power Station

7.5.1 Power will be generated at 6.6 kV which is economical voltage for generators in the
capacity range of 3000 kW and also keeping in view the transportation weight.
Generation at 3.3 kV will not result in higher weights of the plant components. Unit
system layout of the generating units has been adopted at the power station. The
generating units will be connected through 6.6 kV / 66 kV step-up transformers to the
outdoor 33 kV bus bar. The electrical scheme proposed for the power station and the
outdoor switchyard is shown in drawing.
7.5.2 The 6.6 kV and 33 kV switch gear will be the main control centre at the power station on
which the required instruments for operation and monitoring will be mounted. The
paralleling of the generating units will be done on 33 kV outdoor buses. Transmission
Power at 11 kV shall have to be synchronized with 11 kV systems of Power Development
department.
7.6 Control and Protection

Semi-automatic type control system for unit starting, stopping and load control shall
form a centralised control board. Manual synchronising arrangement shall also be
provided at the power station for generating units and 33 kV feeders. All necessary
controls, indicating instruments / signals and safety devices shall be provided. The
following control and relay boards complete with equipment and auxiliaries shall be
provided at the power station control room. The protection scheme is shown in the
single line electrical diagram,
7.7 Main Panels

All the panel have been indicated in the Power house plan Drawing -16
7.8 Outdoor Substation

The outdoor substation is located adjacent to the power station. The switchyard
equipment shall comprise of 4000 KVA 2 NO transformers, 33 KV circuit breakers, 33 kV
bus and line isolators, PTs, CTs bus bars and lightening arrestors.
In addition one 100 KVA 11 kV /0.415 KV step down transformer will also be installed in
the outdoor switchyard for taking supply from JKPDD system for power station auxiliary
supply equipment in the event of complete shutdown of power station under emergency
conditions. The switchyard will be fenced to prevent entry of unauthorised persons.
7.9 Transformers
Transformers of the following particulars will be installed:
Step-up Transformer
(2 No) Main Transformer 400 0KVA at Switchyard
(1 No) Auxiliary Transformer in switchyard 100 KVA
(1 No) Dry Transformer (50 KVA) inside Powerhouse
Rated output = 4000KVA , 50 KVA
Rated voltage 3.3 KV / 11 KV 3.3 KV / 415 V 3.3 KV / 415 V
Voltage range + 10% + 10% + 10%
7.10 415 V Switchgear

The 415V switchgear shall comprise of required number of panels for incoming circuits
from two 50 KVA transformers and outgoing circuits to unit auxiliaries, station
equipment like drainage pump, and other items. Motor control of equipment shall be
suitable for 415 V + 10%, 3 phases, 4 wires, 50 Hz grounded system and with desired
fault levels. It shall consist of self standing metal cubicles of compartmentalised
construction and complete with isolating switch handles of interlocking type. Bus bars
shall be placed in separate compartments at top of circuit breakers which shall be air
break, 3 pole indoor types and shall be designed and constructed as per latest modern
practice. All accessories such as isolation switches, all safety features, instruments,
controls, protective relays etc. shall be included.
7.11 Battery and DC Equipment

110 V DC battery, 100 AH capacity of lead acid type shall be provided at the power
station for control and protection, emergency lighting, communication etc. A battery
charger of suitable capacity and a DC distribution panel of incoming and outgoing
circuits shall be provided. All outgoing circuits shall be provided with necessary
instruments and meters. Necessary tools etc. required for maintenance of the battery
shall also be provided.
7.12 Power and Control Cables

The 6.6 kV connections from the generating units to the switchgear and to the step-up
transformers shall be made with three single phase cables. Copper cables shall be used
for connection of all controls, instruments, PTs, CTs. Equipment and switchgears of 415
V, 3 phase or 230 V single phase shall use PVC insulated PVC sheathed power and control
cables. The short circuit rating of the cables used shall match the requirements in each
application.
7.12.1 Earthing System

Power house and transformer yard / switchyard shall be provided with grounding mats
interconnected with each other. The grounding mats and earthing system shall comprise
of mild steel flats / bars or rods or 50mm perforated electrode pipes and shall conform to
IS 3043-1987. The size of the grounding mats and details of depth of laying, size of the
bars etc. shall be made according to the measured soil resistivity at the planning stage of
construction activity. Earthing busses of steel bars / flats shall run in all locations where
equipment is to be installed.
7.13 Illumination of Power House - Transformer Switchyard

Indoor areas of machine hall shall be illuminated with high efficiency luminaries to
provide illumination level for such areas as per standards. Fluorescent lighting shall
generally be provided for various rooms and locations in the power house. Locations and
control panels shall be given special attention in giving pleasant lighting effect together
with efficiency. Outdoor areas shall be illuminated with high pressure sodium vapour
lamps or other similar luminaries.
7.14 Electrically Operated Travelling Crane (EOT Crane)

The machine hall of the power house shall be equipped with an overhead electrically
operated travelling crane of about 28 tonnes capacity for meeting the handling needs of
the plant and equipment during erection and maintenance.
7.15 Fire Fighting Equipment

Portable type CO2 fire extinguishers will be put up for general use and portable foam
type oil fire and buckets filled with clean dry sand will be provided at a convenient
location. Dry powder non-toxic type fire extinguishers will be provided for electrical
equipment. In addition, if necessary, water will also be tapped from the penstock for fire
hydrants. Suitable fire protection will be provided at strategic locations inside the power
station with necessary flexible hose pipes etc.
7.16 Power Evacuation

The power generated at DudhPathri Power House will be transmitted at 33 kV to PDD
substation at Arizal.
7.17 D.G. Set

One No. 50 KVA D.G. Set shall be provided for back start / dry run of the units during
failure of 33 kV transmission line feeding in the project.
7.18 Design of Turbine
Head range and head variation for different types of Turbines.

Head application Preferred head
M variation %age
Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

1 Impulse Turbines
i Turgo impulse 40 200 90 110 40 115
ii Pelton 100 500 90 110 40 115
iii Cross flow 1 200 60 125 30 115
2 Reaction Turbine, Mixed flow
i Francis 10 250 65 125 60 115
ii Francis open flume 2 8 90 110 50 115
3 Reaction axial flow
i Vertical fixed blade propeller 2 25 85 100 80 115
ii Vertical adjustable propeller 16 40 65 125 40 115
iii Tubular with adjustable blades 2 25 75 115 75 115
iv Tubular fixed blade 2 25 85 110 85 115

v Bulb horizontal propeller 2 25 50 140 30 115
vi Rim horizontal propeller 2 25 65 125 85 115
Choice of Turbine
Proposed Turbine is chose as Francis Horizontal where,
Ns , Specific speed = n . ( P)1/2 / H5/4
and
n = Speed of Turbine in rpm
H = Rated Head = 153.51 m
P = Rated Turbine out Put in metric Horse Power
= 0.9863xHorse Power
Assume efficiency of Generator as 95% = 0.95

Turbine out put = 3157.89 KW
= 4231.58 HP
= 4173.61 m-hp
Net Head is H = 153.51 m
From above the ratio of Trial speed to specific speed is as under
Now from equation n/ns=H1.25/P0.5
Where, adopted speed of Turbine, n = 750 rpm
H= 153.51 m
P= 4173.61 m-hp
Therefore ns 89.67 rpm
Therefore n/ns = 8.36
Therefore specific speed of Turbine ns = 89.67 rpm
Now Turbines available in commercial market and as per Code IS: 12800
The specific speed ns for different types of Runners is as
Ns
(Specific
Type speed)
Impulse Pelton/Turgo 12.-70

Cross Flow 20-80
Reaction Francis 80-400
340-
Propellor and Kaplan 1000
As such interims of IS commercially available turbine is Francis.
Also n = 120xf/p
From the above equation p = 8
Therefore provided no. of poles = 8
and adopted speed = 750 rpm
Turbine Size
1/3
Runner diameter = 4.48x(Q/n)
Therefore Runner diameter from above equation
Taking Designed Discharge = 2.30 Cumecs
and Rational speed n = 750 rpm
Therefore Runner Diameter = 0.651 M
So Provide Runner Diameter as 651 mm
Dimensions and arrangement of Francis Turbine
As per Manual Dimensions shall be,
Diameter = 651 mm
mm
K= 1497.3
mm
J= 1302.00
mm
A= 1432.20
mm
B= 961.40
mm
C= 781.20
mm
E= 2473.80
mm
H= 2278.50
mm
J= 1302.00
mm
K= 1300.00
mm
L= 3929.50
750 RPM 8 pole Generator size shall be as under

Dimensions in
mm
Output A B
300 KW 530 1252
Settings of Turbine σ
Settings of Turbine runner has been calculated to eliminate
any chance of development of cavitations .
Determination of σ i.e Cavitations factor
As per the Thoma's criteria,
Max. permissible settings of Francis runner bottom
above min.TWL shall be as,
Hs = Hb-σcH
From Chart in comparison to Specific speed, we get,

σc = 0.035
Talking Elevation of Power House around 2800 M and water
0
temperature equal to 10 C.
Adopted Hb = 7.16
Therefore settings Hs = 1.8 m

However Turbine has been placed below Min. TWL for safety purposes
PART I
Chapter 8
CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
8.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
8.1 General
The construction programme of a hydroelectric project involves the planning,
management of personnel, material, equipment and financial resources, strict
adherence to time schedule and foresightedness. The entire work should be divided into
different planned activities to manage efficiently for their timely completion. The inter-
phasing between different activities should be carefully identified and monitored.
The practical hindrances and unavoidable shortfalls should be critically examined
and carefully monitored to overcome any bottlenecks. All the different activities
should be assigned their due share of importance in over all construction and
management keeping site position and climatic condition into consideration.
Construction methodology of DudhPathri SHP has been finalized keeping the above
requirements in mind.
8.2 Working Period
DudhPathri SHP is located in an area of very heavy snowfall, bulk of which occurs
during the months of November, December, January and February. Temperatures are very
low during these months. Keeping this in view the construction of DudhPathri SHP has
been planned in such a manner that work does not suffer on account of adverse weather
conditions. There will be stoppage of activities during peak snowy period and the
completion time of the Project shall be planned accordingly. The main working period shall
be from May to October months only
8.3 Construction Schedule

Taking into account the volume of work involved and the constraints imposed due to
heavy snowfall and severe weather conditions, an innovative work schedule has been
evolved to ensure project completion within 36 months period. The constraints are:
 the project area being located in steep hilly terrain, heavy construction
machinery cannot be deployed at the site
 heavy snowfall and extremely cold climate during winter months
 The main civil works have been assumed to be started from A p r i l 2018 and shall
include construction of Trench weir, Intake well, Shingle Flushing Pipe, Intake tunnel and
Headrace tunnel, U/G de-silting tank, Forebay, Steel Penstock and its bifurcation,
powerhouse, tailrace, switchyard and transmission lines for evacuation of power to Arizal
Sub-station. These shall be constructed using appropriate machinery and predominantly
by deploying labour force.
8.3.1 Principal Activities
8.3.1.1 Pre construction activities

A number of activities such as preparation of preliminary drawings for layout, getting
the layout approved from concerned agencies, preparation of land cases and getting
possession of land after due clearances from forest and environmental agencies, attaining
the financial closure, preparation of tender documents, selection of civil contractor,
placing the orders for E and M equipment, construction / hiring of accommodation at or
near the site, establishment of stores, procurement of necessary vehicles and
deployment of personnel at site constitute the pre-construction activities.
These activities are proposed to be completed by March 2018 and actual
construction would commence from April 2018.
8.3.1.2 Planning of works

This constitutes the most important activity since a faulty planning could lead to
both- “time” as well as “cost” over runs. As mentioned earlier, heavy snowfall occurs fo r
f o u r m o n th s , and during these months road to the site remains closed which wo u ld
h a m p er construction activities at site.
8.3.2 Main civil works

Drawing no. 3 shows general layout plan of the project. The project components
are discussed structure-wise starting with upstream diversion weir and going down to
tail race.
8.3.2.1 Head Works including Protection works
The diversion weir and intake structure are located upstream of DudhPathri village.
After approaching the weir site, coffering will be taken up for the right half width of the
river to facilitate the construction of the weir intake structure and the Shingle flushing
structure in the first lean season. Since river discharges remain heavy up to mid
September end, coffering shall commence from 15th September 2018.
Concurrently, with the construction of intake structure and the weir portion
within the coffer dam area shall be carried out from October 2018 until ending March
2019. Gates and hoists for the intake structure and flushing outlet structure shall also be
completed in all respects before the coffer dam is removed or gets washed – off as the
discharge increases.
Left-over works if any of the intake structure along with its gates and trash
racks will be completed in the second lean season viz. August 2019 to October 2019.
The gates shall be lowered so that water cannot enter the under construction
water conductor system. Thereafter, coffer dam shall be removed and coffering shall
be done to isolate the left bank.
8.3.2.2 Intake Tunnel & Headrace tunnel
The tunnel boring by way of excavation shall be started simultaneously from two end
portals i.e. at start of intake tunnel and exit portal at the downstream end of Headrace
tunnel. In this way the rock excavation can be completed first for intake tunnel which will
be preceded further for de-silting basin from intake side and for headrace tunnel from exit
side. Assuming an advancement of 2m per day per face and excavating only from two
ends, the tunnel excavation could be completed in about fifteen months. The activity
started in May 2018 can be completed by the end of July 2018 in respect of Intake Tunnel
and Headrace tunnel by end of July 2019. Other items of shortcreting or cement concrete
lining can be completed in another six months time and completed by December 2019
. 8.3.2.2 Desilting Tank
Length of De-silting Tank is 61.25m including transitions. Construction of the
desilting tank shall be carried out in overburden material in the first working season, viz.
July 2018 to October 2018. Excavation shall be carried out using conventional means.
Side slopes shall be retained temporarily by strutting / shoring till such time RCC could be
poured.
Concurrently with the construction of the desilting tank, construction of silt flushing
pipe and valve chamber shall be taken up.
8.3.2.4 Forebay
Construction of forebay, being an independent activity Excavation can be taken up
from the first season itself. However, considering the fact that steel penstock ferules
may have to be lowered on downward slopes from the forebay location, construction of
forebay can be started as per the actual progress achieved in conjunction to other work
fronts including penstock.
After excavation and stabilization of side slopes, RCC raft for the forebay
tank shall be cast. RCC retaining walls shall rise from the RCC raft and connection with
power channel and steel penstock shall be carried out and completed in 2nd year. The
entire forebay construction work shall be completed September 2015.
8.3.2.5 Penstock
The total length of penstock has been worked out to be 300 m as and runs down along the
left bank slope of Shaliganga Nallah. It is proposed that a path for carrying the penstock
ferrules shall made all along the alignment to facilitate the transportation and speedy
execution. The first activity to be taken up for penstock civil works is the creation of a
strip of land measuring about 6 m in width all along the penstock alignment. After
Boulder and Jungle clearance, stripping of over burden shall take place. Thereafter the
excavation shall be carried out with help of a hydraulic excavator to achieve the desired
levels as per Plan and sectional. This shall be done in the period December 2018 to April
2019 besides procurement of steel and some fabrication.
Penstock ferrules shall be fabricated at factory site using steel plates of 8/14 mm
thickness. The ferrules shall be carried to the site and installed over saddle blocks. Bends
shall be laid over the designated places and encased in RCC anchor blocks. The penstock is
proposed to be buried with minimum soil cover in form of Backfill almost for entire length.
Fabrication of Ferrules shall be commenced in the above mentioned period and
completed by May 2019. Erection of Penstock ferrules, alignment, welding and testing
of the completed penstock shall be carried out from May 2019 and completed by
April 2020. Penstock bifurcation shall be constructed along with powerhouse construction.
8.3.2.6 Powerhouse and Switchyard including Tailrace

Common excavation along hill slope for penstock bifurcation and foundation of
powerhouse will be completed first of all by deployment of one hydraulic excavator and
two to three tipper/tractors. RCC raft shall thereafter be constructed over the
grounding mat. After the raft foundation concreting is completed, powerhouse building
construction will be started. Columns will be raised up to crane beam level followed by
roofing. Generator foundations along with side walls of building and finishing items will
also be taken up simultaneously.
It is proposed to commence construction of powerhouse structure from May 2019
and to complete the same latest by May 2020. It would include construction of civil works
as well as erection of Hydro - mechanical equipment in the powerhouse building.
For erection of Electro-Mechanical works three months period is found sufficient to get it
completed in all respects.
Switchyard works will also be carried out as a parallel activity. Switchyard
structures include RCC foundations for CTs, PTs etc., which are simple and easy to
construct. Switchyard area shall be protected with strong barbed-wire fencing supported
on RCC poles. It is proposed to construct the switchyard from August 2019 and shell be
completed by May 2020 including electric work.
Water emerging out from the turbines shall be conducted back to the Nallah via an
RCC open channel section forming the tailrace. Construction of tailrace shall be taken up
in the second lean season, i.e., along with the construction of powerhouse sub-structure. It
is proposed to construct the tailrace from October 2019 to May 2020. And the spinning
and testing of electro mechanical equipments shell be from May 2020 to June 2020 and
commissioning shell be done in July 2020
8.3.2.7 Transmission Line
In consultation with the Power Development Department 33 KV Transmission line shall
have to be co-ordinated for power supply shall be completed within the overall project
completion time.
PART I
Chapter 9
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND SPECIFICATIONS
9.0 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS OF KEY MATERIALS

9.1 Specifications for Work, Quality & Workmanship
The Specifications are intended for general descriptions of the work, quality and
workmanship. The specifications are not intended to cover the minute details and the
work shall be executed according to the relevant Indian Standard Codes, in the
absence of the latter the work shall be executed according to the best prevailing
practices.
9.2 Layout & Levels
The layout and levels of all structures, etc shall be worked out and fixed from the
general grid of the area and bench marks
9.2.1 MATERIALS
Bricks
(a) Bricks for general masonry work shall conform to IS: 1077-1976 and for face brick
work shall conform to the specifications in IS: 2691-1972.
(b) Bricks for general masonry work shall be well burnt, of uniform size, shape and colour,
free from cracks, flaws or nodules of free lime and emit clear ringing sound when
struck. Fractured surface shall show uniform texture free from grits, lumps, holes etc.
compressive strength shall correspond to class designation 50 as per IS: 1077-1976
giving minimum compressive strength of 50 kg/cu. cm for general masonry work.
Water absorption after 24 hours immersion shall not exceed 20% by weight for
common brick and 15% by weight for face bricks. Dimensional tolerance shall not
exceed 8% of the size mentioned in drawings for common bricks and 3% for face
bricks. All bricks shall have rectangular faces and sharp straight edges. Maximum
permissible chip page for face bricks shall be 6mm at the edges and 10mm for corners.
The bricks shall show no efflorescence after soaking in water and drying in shade.
Stones
All stones shall be from local quarries, hard, tough, and durable, compact grained,
uniform in texture and colour and free from decay, flaws, veins, cracks and sand holes.
The surface of freshly broken stone shall be bright, clean and sharp and shall show
uniformity of texture, without loose grains and free from any dull. Chalky or earthy
appearance. Stones with round surface shall not be used. Stones showing mottled
colours shall not be used for face work. Water absorbed by the stone after 24 hours of
immersion shall not be more than 5% of its weight.
Cement
Cement used shall be ordinary Portland/PPC Cement, unless mentioned otherwise,

conforming to the latest Indian Standard Code IS: 269. Any variety of cement other
than ordinary Portland cement, such as Portland Puzzolona Cement conforming to IS:
1489 (latest edition) or Portland Slag Cement conforming to IS: 455 (latest edition)
shall be used only after the written permission of Engineer-in-Charge. The samples of
the cement shall be tested in laboratory for standard tests.
Coarse Aggregates
a) Coarse aggregates shall be as per IS: 383 (latest edition) consisting of hard, strong and
durable pieces of crushed stone having angular shape and granular surface and shall
be free from organic or clay coatings and other impurities like dis-integrated stones,
soft flaky particles, adherent coatings, clinkers, slag, mica and any other materials
liable to affect the strength, durability or appearance of concrete.
b) Aggregate other than crushed stone conforming to the provisions of specification may
be used depending upon type of component of work.
c) Washing of aggregates by approved means shall be carried out, if desired.
d) Grading of coarse aggregates shall generally conform to IS: 383 and shall be such as
to produce a dense concrete of the specified proportions and strength and of
consistency that will work readily into position without segregation.
e) The maximum size of aggregate shall be as follows unless specified otherwise:
i) RCC member with very narrow space 10 mm
ii) Reinforced concrete and Plain concrete 20 mm
iii) Lean concrete 40 mm
Sand
Sand shall consist of siliceous material having hard, durable, clean particles free from
adherent coatings or organic matter and shall not contain clay balls or pellets. The sand shall
be free from impurities such as iron pyrites, alkalis, salts, coal, mica, shale or other laminated
materials, in such forms or quantities as to affect adversely to hardening, strength, durability
or appearance of mortar, plaster or concrete or to cause corrosions to any metal in contact
with such mortar, plaster or concrete. In no case the cumulative percentage of impurities in
sand shall be more than 5% by weight. All sand shall be properly graded. Unless otherwise
directed by the Engineer-in-Charge all sand shall pass through IS Sieve No. 240 and 15% to
35% of sand for masonry mortar and 5% to 50% of sand for plaster shall pass through IS Sieve
No. 30. Sand for concrete shall conform to IS: 383 b (latest edition).
Water
Water shall be clean, fresh and free from organic matters, acids or soluble salts and other
deleterious substances which may cause corrosion, discolouration, efflorescence etc. Portable
water is generally considered fit for use. Water to be used shall comply with requirements of
IS: 456 (latest edition). Average 28 days compressive strength of at least three 15 cm. Cubes
of concrete prepared with proposed water shall not be less than 90% of average strength of
three similar cubes prepared with distilled water.
Reinforcement
Reinforcing steel shall be clean and free from loose mill scales, dust, loose rust, oil and
grease or other coatings which may impair proper bond. Structural steel shall conform to IS:
226 (latest edition). Hard-drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement shall conform to IS:
432 (Part-I). Cold twisted steel bars shall conform to IS: 1786 (latest edition). Hard drawn
steel wire fabric shall conform to IS: 1566 (latest edition). All steel bars including and above
6 mm diameter shall be of tested quality. The steel reinforcement shall conform to IS:
432-1982 and its latest revisions for mild steel bars and IS: 1786-1985 and its latest revisions
for TMT bars.
Steel shall be free from loose mill scale, rust, coats of paints, oil, grease, dirt, paint or other
deleterious matter when examined immediately before concrete being placed in situ.
9.2.2 Storage Handling of Materials

All materials shall be stored by in a manner affording convenient access for
identification and inspection at all times. The storage arrangements shall be subject to
the approval of the Engineer-in-Charge. Storage of materials shall be as described in
IS: 4082 (latest edition).
9.2.3 Disposal of Materials:
All materials arising from clearing and grubbing operations shall be the property of the
project and shall be disposed in proper manner and as per requirement from
environmental considerations.
Excavation
Setting Out
After the site has been cleared as detailed, the limits of excavation shall be set out true
to lines, curves, slopes, grades and sections as shown on the approved drawings.
Description
The description shall consist of excavation removal and satisfactory disposal of all
materials necessary for the construction of permanent works in accordance with the
requirements of these specifications and the lines, grades and cross sections shown in
the drawings.
Rock Excavation:
Rock, when encountered in the excavation shall be removed up to the foundation level
or as otherwise indicated on the drawing. Where, however, unstable shale’s or other
similar materials are intercepted at the foundation level, these shall be excavated to
the extent 500 mm below the foundation level or as otherwise specified in all cases,
the excavation shall be so carried out that at no point on cut formation, the rock
protrudes above the specified level provided, however that a negative tolerance of 300
mm shall be permissible. Where the excavation is done to levels lower than those
specified, the excess excavation shall be made good by hand packing with lean
concrete to the designated level.
Slopes in rock cutting shall be finished to uniform lines corresponding to slope lines
shown on the drawing. Notwithstanding the fore going, all loose pieces of rock on
excavated slope surface which move when raised by a crow bar shall be removed.
BACKFILL
After completion of foundations, footings, walls, and other construction below the
elevation of the final grades and prior to backfilling, all forms, temporary shoring,
timber etc, shall be removed and the area to be backfilled shall be cleaned of all trash,
debris, and other perishable materials.
Backfilling shall be done with clean materials obtained from excavation after approval.
Backfill shall not be dropped directly upon or against any structure or facility where
there are possibilities of displacement or damage.
Backfill shall be placed in horizontal layers, with each layer not exceeding 20 cm in
thickness. Each layer shall be compacted with proper moisture content and with such
equipments to obtain satisfactory densities.
The degree of compaction of the compacted fill shall be subjected to tests as the work
progresses. If any test indicates less value than that specified degree of compaction, it
shall be re-compacted.
CEMENT CONCRETE (PLAIN / REINFORCED)
Scope
This specification deals with cement concrete. Plain or reinforced for general use and
covers the requirements for concrete materials, handling, grading, main design,
strength and quality requirements, protection, curing, finishing and other associated
miscellaneous works.
The provision of IS: 456 & its latest revision shall be complied with unless permitted
otherwise and any other Indian Standard Code (latest revision) shall form a part of this
specifications to the extent it has been referred to or is applicable to this specification.
Materials
Material requirements for coarse and fine aggregates, Cement, reinforcement, water
etc shall be as per above.
Admixtures
The use of admixtures in concrete for promoting workability, improving strength,

entertaining air or for any other purposes shall be only with approval; In any case,
addition of admixture shall not reduce the specified strength of concrete. The
admixture shall conform to IS: 9103 latest version.
Grades of Concrete
Ordinary Concrete
“Ordinary Concrete” is recommended only when concrete is used for filling purposes or
for grading and leveling. Trial mix is not insisted for this grade of concrete.
Concrete mix proportions for ordinary concrete shall be as per IS: 456.
In proportioning concrete, the quantity of cement shall be determined by actual

weight. The quantities of fine and coarse aggregates may be determined by volume,
but preferably by weight. If fine aggregates are moist, allowance shall be made
bulking in case of volume batching and in accordance with IS: 2386 (Part III).
Allowance shall also be made for surface water present in the aggregates when
computing the water content. The amount of surface water shall be determined by
one of the field methods described in IS: 2386 (part III)
The water cement ratio shall not be more than those specified in IS: 456. The cement
content of any nominal mix proportion shall be increased if the quantity of water in a
mix has to be increased to overcome the difficulties of placement and compaction, so
that the water-cement ratio specified above for a particular mix is not exceeded Also if
ordinary concrete, made in accordance with the proportions given above for a
particular grade, does not yield the specified strength and fails to satisfy the
requirements of “Acceptance Criteria for Concrete” as specified in IS: 456-1978, to
obtain a specified strength.
Controlled Concrete
Controlled concrete shall be used on all concrete works, except where specified
otherwise. Controlled concrete for use in plain and reinforced concrete structures shall
be in grades M-15, M20, M25 and M-35.
The mix proportions for all grades of concrete shall be designed to obtain strengths
corresponding to the values specified in table I below respective grades of concrete.
Table – I
Grade Designation Specified Characteristic Strength (28 days)
M7.5 7.5 N/sq-mm
M10 10 N/Sq.mm
M 15 15 N/Sq.mm
M 20 20 N/Sq.mm
M 25 25 N/Sq.mm
M 35 35 N/Sq.mm
The maximum water cement ratio for all controlled concrete works shall be as specified in IS:
456 (latest Edition)
Preliminary tests, as specified, in the relevant I.S. Codes shall be carried out sufficiently ahead
of the actual commencement of the work with different grades of concrete made from
representative samples of aggregates and cement expected to be used on the job to ascertain
the ratios by weight of cement and of total quantity of fine and coarse aggregates and the
water cement ratio required to produce a concrete of specified strength and desired
workability.
The minimum cement content for each grade of concrete shall be as per Table – II below. If
the requirement of cement is found to be more than that specified below, then such excess
quantities of cement shall be used for which no extra payment shall be made.
Table – II
MINIMUM CEMENT CONTENT
Grade of Concrete Minimum Cement content in Kg/cum of
As per IS: 456-1978 Finished Concrete
M 10 275
M 15 310
M 20 350
M 25 400
M 35 450
In designing the mix proportions of concrete, the quantity of both cement and aggregate shall
be determined by weight.
To keep the water – cement ratio to the designed value, allowance shall be made for the
moisture contents in both fine and coarse aggregates and determination of the same shall be
made as frequently as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge. The determination of moisture
contents shall be according to IS: 2386 (part III).
TABLE – III
STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS OF CONCRETE
Grade of Concrete Min Compressive Strength conducted in accordance with
As per IS: 456-1978 IS: 516 (in kg/cm2)
For 15 cm cube specimens At 7 For 15 cm cube specimens at

days 28 days
Compressive Strength Compressive Strength
M 10 70 130
M 15 100 200
M 20 135 260
M 25 170 320
M 35 200 400
Workability
The workability of concrete shall be checked at frequent intervals by slump test. Alternatively,
where facilities exist and if required by the Engineer-in-Charge, the compacting factors test in
accordance with IS: 1199 shall be carried out.
The degree of workability necessary to allow the concrete to be well consolidated and to be
worked into the corners of formwork and around the reinforcement to give the required
surface finish shall depend on the type and nature of the structure and shall be based on
experience and tests. The limits of Consistency for structures are as specified Table IV below:
TABLE IV
LIMITS OF CONSISTENCY
Placing conditions Degree of Workability Value of Workability

Concreting of Shallow sections With Very Low 20 - 10 seconds, vee bee time or
vibration 0.75 – 0.80, Compacting factor
Concreting of lightly reinforced Sections Low 10 – 5 seconds, vee bee time or
Vibration 0.80 – 0.85 compacting factor
Concreting of Lightly reinforced Sections Medium 5 – 2 seconds, vee bee time or
without Vibration, or Heavily reinforced 0.85 – 0.92 compacting factor or
Section with vibration . 26 – 75 mm, slump for 20 mm
aggregate
Concreting or Heavily reinforced Sections High Above 0.92 compacting factor or
without Vibrations 75 – 125mm, slump for 20mm
aggregate.
REINFORCEMENT
Scope
This section of the specifications relates to reinforcement steel and covers, furnishing of
working drawings with bar bending schedule and the furnishing, cleaning, bending, placing,
binding, with arrangements for chair supports as required for both structural and
architectural works, below and above ground level as per drawings and specifications.
Cleaning
All steel for reinforcement shall be free from loose scale, oil, grease, paint or other harmful
matters immediately before placing the concrete.
Bending
Unless otherwise specified, reinforcing steel shall be bent in accordance with procedure
specified in IS: 2502. Bends and shapes shall comply strictly with the dimensions in the
approved bar bending schedule. . Only bars correctly bent shall be used. Bars shall not be
straightened in manner that will injure the material. Reinforcement bars shall be bent by
machine or other approval means producing a gradual and even motion. All the bars shall be
cold bent unless otherwise approved.
Placing in Position
Laps and anchorage lengths of reinforcing bars shall be in accordance with IS: 456, unless
otherwise specified. If the bars in a lap are not of the same diameter, then the smaller
diameter will guide the lap length. The laps shall be staggered.
FORMWORK
Scope
This specification deals with supply of drawings, materials, cleaning, treatments and removal
of all formwork and staging both below ground level and above ground level for all types of
concrete works.
Formwork shall be composed of steel and / or best quality shuttering wood of non
absorbent type. Timber shall be free of knots and shall be of medium grain as far as possible.
Hard wood shall be used as caps and wedges or over posts. Plywood or equivalent shall be
used, where specified, to obtain smooth surfaces for exposed concrete work. Materials for
staging and bracing shall generally be mild steel tubes, and strong sale ballis 150 mm in
diameter or above, bamboos, small diameter ballis etc.,
The centering and staging shall be true and rigid and thoroughly braced both
horizontally and diagonally. The forms shall be sufficiently, strong to carry without undue
deformation, the dead weight of the concrete at the time of casting as well as working load.
Where the concrete is vibrated, the formwork shall be strong enough to withstand the effects
of vibration without appreciable deflection, bulging distortion of loosening of its components.
The joints in the formwork shall be sufficiently tight to prevent any leakage of mortar. The
formwork shall be such as to ensure a smooth uniform surface free from honeycombs, air
bubbles, bulges, fins and other blemishes. For exposed interior and exterior concrete surfaces
of beams, columns and walls, plywood or other approved forms, thoroughly cleaned and tied
together with approved corrosion resistant devices shall be used. Rigid care shall be exercised
in ensuring that all columns are plumb and true and thoroughly cross braced to keep them so.
All floor and beam centering shall be crowned not less than 8 mm in all directions for every 5
meters span.
Removal of Forms
Ordinary Portland cement Concrete Temperature (degree

Part of Structure
centigrade)
Above 40 –20 20 – 5 below
Days Days Days Days
a. Column & Walls 2 1 1
b. Beams sides 3 2 3
Do not remove from until site
c. Slabs 125 mm thick and 10 7 8
Cured test cylinders / cubes
soffit of minor beams
develop 50% of 28 days
d. Slabs over 125 mm thick and 18 14 16
strength.
e. Soffit of main beams 24 21 22
Rapid Hardening Portland cement Concrete
a. Columns & Walls 1 1-1/2 1 Do not remove forms until
b. Beams Sides 2 1 1 site cured test cylinder / cube
c. Slabs 125 mm thick or less 7 4 5 develop 50% or 28 days
d. Slabs over 125 mm thick and 12 8 9 strength

e. Soffit of main beams 14 10 12
Note: For Portland Puzzolona cement the removal time should be suitable increased over the
time given for ordinary Portland cement
Tolerance in Finished Concrete
The formwork shall be so made as to produce a finished concrete, true to shape, lines, level,
plumb and dimensions as shown in the drawings, subject to the following tolerances, unless
otherwise specified in this specification or drawings & directed by the Engineer-in-Charge.
For
a. Sectional dimensions = + 5 mm
b. Plumb = 1 in 1000 of height
c. Levels = + 3 mm before any deflection has taken place.
EMBEDDED PARTS
Material
Metal parts to be embedded in first stage concrete shall be in accordance with the
requirement and shall of material IS 2062.
Embedded steel parts shall include items such as anchor bolts, pipe sleeves through floors and
walls, steel plates for setting in or attachment to gates / stop logs, hoist structures, ladders,
steel pieces set in concrete or for trench edging, concrete edge protection angles, frames and
floor plate covers, concrete inserts, expansion bolts, lugs etc.
Installation
During erection, it shall be provided with necessary temporary bracing or supports to ensure
proper installation of the materials. All materials shall be erected in the true location shown in
the drawings plumb and level.
General
The work described in this chapter includes,
a) Base plates, anchor bolts, rails and accessories for the transformer foundations and
for cable trenches;
b) Base plates and anchor bolts for the rail beam of the overhead crane;
c) Embedded parts for anchorage systems of the superstructure column and roof truss
foundations;
d) Column superstructure, roof truss, corrugated galvanized iron sheets, drainage gutter
complete with all accessories;
e) Anchor bolts required for stairways, platforms, walkways, handrails and lamp posts;
f) Rolling shutter in service bay;
g) other embedded metal works such as frames for hatch covers gratings, duct openings
and louvers, protection angles, non-skid stair nosing’s, assemblies required for the
permanent support or welding of non embedded metal work;
h) Stairways, ladders and guard rails;
i) covers, gratings, walkways and platforms;
Materials and Fabrication
Metalwork shall be fabricated from materials conforming to the most recent edition of
the following standards:
 Structural steel other than Penstock liner IS 2062 or Equivalent
 Steel for grating and chequered plate IS-2062
 Steel pipe for handrails ASTM A53 or IS-806
 Anchors ASTMA307,
Grade 300 W
 Bolts and nuts ASTMA307, IS6639
ASTM A325, IS3757
Installation
Metalwork shall be accurately set in accordance with the alignments shown on the drawings
and the tolerances specified herein. Embedded parts shall be fixed firmly in place during
concreting, using methods, in order to prevent any displacement.
Anchors shall be installed to a tolerance of 3 mm and other metalwork to a tolerance of 6

mm or the tolerances shown on the drawings.
Expansion shell bolts shall be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

Holes for expansion shell bolts shall be of the diameter and depth specified by the
manufacturer
Welded Connections
Connections shall be in accordance with the most recent edition IS-2062/800/816 and with
this specification.
All welders and welding procedures shall be approved by a qualified well known authority.
Only operators qualified in accordance with the Indian Standards requirements, as applicable,
shall be engaged for the work tests necessary to satisfy the requirements of this Specification.
Welding electrodes shall conform to the requirements of IS 814. be adapted to the material to
be welded and have a low hydrogen content. Electrodes that have absorbed moisture shall be
rejected.
No welding shall be carried out when the temperature of the base metal is below 5º C, unless
all surfaces within a radius of 75 mm around the point to be welded are preheated in
accordance with Indian Standard Specifications and maintained at that temperature
throughout the duration of the welding.
A 20 mm wide strip shall be cleaned to eliminate rust, paint, grease and burrs on each side of
the joint to be welded. Weld preening is not permitted.
Bolted Connections
All bolts shall be galvanized high strength steel and installed in accordance with the
requirements of the most recent edition of IS 2062/800.
The types of bolted connections are generally identified. The main roof trusses may have
either bolted or welded joints. Bearing connections shall have the bolt threads excluded from
the shear plane of the connected members.
Beam connections, for which forces are not indicated, shall be designed for the reactions due
to the uniformly distributed load capacity of that beam having the support conditions shown
on the drawings.
All bracing bolted connections shall be non-slip friction type.
Unless otherwise indicated, the depth of end plates and/or header angles, used for
connections resisting only shear forces, shall be at least three quarters ¾ of the depth of the
connected member.
Type of Joint or Weld Type of Inspection Extent of Inspection
Butt joints in compression flange of beams Radiography 20%
Butt joints in tension flange of beams Radiography 100%
Butt joints in the web of beams Radiography 20%
Butt joints for column webs and flanges Radiography 100%
Fillet welds in general Magnetic particle 25%
Fillet welds for web stiffeners of beams Magnetic particle 10%
Radiographic inspection may be carried out by means of either X-ray machines or radioactive
isotopes. Limitations on the use of each method are outlined in the ASME Standards. X-ray
machine shall be used in preference to isotope cameras as far as possible. Single control
kilovolt-mille-Ampere X-ray machines shall not be used.
Paint System: Epoxy Resin Type
All non-galvanized metalwork supplied shall be prepared and painted in the shop in
accordance with the paint manufacturer’s recommendations and the requirements of this
Specification.
No paint shall be applied on humid surfaces. Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings,
surface cleaning and preparation shall be by commercial blast cleaning process in accordance
with the requirements of this Specification. Surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned of mill scale,
rust, oil, grease or any other substance that may affect the paint.
The surface preparation shall be done by commercial blast cleaning process, meeting the
most recent edition of Standard SSPC-SP602 or a relevant Indian Standard Specification
Corrugated Galvanized Iron (CGI) sheeting
This specification covers the item of providing and erecting corrugated galvanized iron
sheeting including supply, delivery and erection with corner and ridge pieces, eaves, filler
pieces, north light curves, flashing, gutter eaves, boards, skylight and all necessary screws,
bolts, nuts washer and all leads and lifts for a complete installation. Only factory painted
corrugated sheets shall be used. The sheet shall be 0.8 mm thick and painted Forest Green
outside and Light Grey inside. Touching up of painting shall comprise of two coats of approved
quality synthetic enamel paint over a base coat of zinc chromate / red oxide primer.
The work to be done shall conform to the latest edition of the following Indian specification:
Galvanized Steel Sheets (Plain and Corrugated)
Code of practice for laying and fixing of sloped roof coverings using plain and Corrugated
galvanized steel sheets.Detailed specification pertaining to structural steel, fabrication,
erection and painting enumerated in Specification for steel work of superstructure shall apply
to this work to the extent they are relevant. The material shall conform to relevant IS
specifications. The railing shall be fabricated as per design furnished by the DLIPL. M.S. pipes
of 32mm NB shall be used. The railing shall be fixed firmly to the concrete floor by welding to
embedment fixed in concrete at the time of laying the floor.
Rolling Shutters
Specification includes providing and fixing mild steel push and pull type of rolling shutter of
clear dimension of approximately 5 m X 5 m including all necessary fixtures, painting etc.
complete for the main entrance to the storage shed buildings.
Providing, fabricating and fixing of rolling shutters shall conform to the latest revision of IS –
6248. Metal rolling shutters and rolling grills
All specifications of structural steel fabrication, erection and painting mentioned under item
for steel roof trusses shall apply to this work also to the extent they are relevant.
The rolling shutters shall be fabricated from 18 SWG x 7.5cm MS steel laths. The rolling
shutter shall be in one part
For the rolling shutter, provision shall be made for a wicket door of size 1.2 m x 1.2 m for the
normal movement. The shutter shall have a grill portion for about 1.5 m depth from the top
Painting shall comprise of two coats of approved quality synthetic enamel paint over a base
coat of zinc chromate / red oxide primer.
PART I
Chapter 10
Construction and Communication Facilities
10.1 Communication Facilities

The Proposed Project site located on right side of Srinagar-Budgam-Khansahib-Dudhpathri
road and as such can be approached easily. The project site is placed at Village Dudhpathri,
at a distance of 17.5 Km away from Tehsil Khansahib & 34 km from district head quarter
Budgam and 45 km from Srinagar. The nearest existing receiving station of 3.15 MVA
capacity is located at Arizal at a distance of 10 Km away from proposed power house site.
During the construction stage of the project existing bridal path of about 0.5 km
length shall have be upgraded from main road up to the Power house site and to be further
extended by 0.70 km length to reach out to forebay site. The proposed headwork’s is
presently not approachable from the main road. As such a new access road is needed for
the Headwork’s. This road shall need to be developed all along the bank of the nallah
above HFL.
The construction materials availability can be explored locally with abundance of good
quality stones and boulder available locally and can be got in good quantities from
excavation itself as well. However materials like cement and steel shall have to be brought
directly from the open market from Srinagar or Jammu. Small quantities of Fine aggregates
like sand is available in nearby areas and in case of shortages sand the same can be
brought form Khansahib which is 10 km away from project site. Coarse aggregates like
Bajri can be produced by installation of a portable crusher plant to be used during
construction only as raw material like stones are available locally; otherwise the material
can be brought from surrounding areas like Budgam and other adjacent area. At various
places on the downstream side of Nallah sufficient quantity of gravel/ Nallah Bajri can be
made available for its use in the project.
Other materials for day to day use shall be brought from Srinagar and Bricks
to be used in Power house building shall be carried from Budgam where good quality bricks
can be made available. The construction materials need to be dumped at proper places in
sufficient quantities as in winter due to the snow fall approach roads will have
interruptions to the movement of vehicles.
PART I
Chapter 11
Environment and Ecology
11.0 ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
11.1 General
DudhPathri SHP is proposed to be set up on the left bank of Shaliganga Nallah in
Budgam District of Jammu and Kashmir. Project area does not fall into any major inhabited
area, but some rural households exist near the project site which will have minimal effect
due to the construction activities. The villages in the surrounding areas outside the project
influence and on the mountain slopes are well populated.
11.2 Site Selection and Construction

Site selection of the scheme has been done keeping in view the ecological setting of
the area. Being a run-off-river project, no land submergence is involved and unlike dam
based projects, it is free from the associated problems of water logging, salinity and
rehabilitation of population.
Project components are planned to be constructed with foundations firmly

embedded in the rocks or in ground. Hence, there is no danger of any erosion or
disturbance to hill slopes. Project construction would neither affect nor bring any
significant changes to the physical aspects of the project area. Soil stabilization measures
will be a part of the design criteria. Excavated material from the hill slopes will be suitably
carried to the designated dumping areas and adequately settled/ secured.
The infrastructural facilities to be created for the construction activities will be

mostly temporary in nature. Land acquired for temporary site office and labour colony
shall be returned in original shape after completion of project by taking adequate
preventive / corrective measures.
11.3 Natural Resources

Project activities will not affect the natural resource base in the project area in short term
or in the long term. Project does not envisage any consumptive use of water. Thus the
resource for irrigation is not affected. However the riparian demand for irrigation shall be
ensured within the project area.
Also, there will be no adverse effect on aquatic wildlife or fish wealth. It is

generally due to large dams that the fish migration patterns change. In case of small hydro
schemes such as the one being proposed, there is no significant change in the velocities of
water current and hence no changes in the ambient conditions for the aquatic faunas.
11.4 Public Health Aspect

Being a small Hydel scheme, public health will not be affected. The IPP contractors
would ensure to adopt and take suitable measures. Safe drinking water arrangements
shall be made and septic tanks shall be constructed to take care of public health
requirements.
11.5 Estimation for Measures

Following measures with adequate budgetary provisions have been considered.
 Provision of safe drinking water and sanitation

 Provision of kerosene oil to labourers
 Restoration of temporary land acquired for site office and labour colony to its original
shape
 Plantation of trees and in powerhouse area
11.6 Environmental Analysis

Guidelines of Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) have been
followed for environmental analysis of the project. Details are shown in Annexure –
11.1
11.7 Social Impact Assessment

Guidelines of IREDA have been followed for the social impact assessment of the
project. Details are shown in Annexure – 11.2
A_ Rouf Infra Energy Pvt. Limited Project Detailed
Project report JAKEDA Department of science & Technology
Annexure-11.1
Environmental Analysis of Dudhi Pathri Small Hydroelectric Project
S.no. Particulars Comments
Project Plan
1. Provide a general project plan and its schedule and  Requisite drawings are appended with the Project report.
provide two maps drawn on scale, one of the
general area and the other for the project area
Climate
2. Describe climate type and meteorological data for  In general, project area has pleasant climate.
temperature, rainfall (seasonal), wind 9direction,  Maximum temperature = 300 C
speed, seasonal)  Minimum temperature = -130 C
 Maximum annual rainfall = 1900mm
 Average annual rainfall = 1200 mm
 Wind speed = 80 KMPH (Max)
Geology
3. Describe land morphology, topography and The area around the proposed DudhiPathri H.E. Project lies in a seismically active region
geologic structure. Is project located in an where moderate to great earthquakes have occurred in the past. The Kangra, Kinnaur
earthquake zone? If so, provide quantitative data and Dharamshala earthquakes, which occurred in the neighbouring Himachal Pradesh,
for the frequency and intensity of earthquakes. are some of the most important and devastating earthquakes recorded so far in this
region. The recent earthquake of October 2005, which occurred right in the project area
and caused maximum damages in the neighbouring POK calls for detailed
examination of all the components of Dudhi Pathri H.E. Project. Details of the
October 2005 earthquake as well as the details of earthquakes, which had occurred in
Himachal Pradesh and which could affect Dudhi Pathri Project are shown below:
Major Earthquake (Date) Magnitude (Richter Scale)
Kangra Earthquake (4.4.1905) 8.0
Kinnaur Earthquake (19.1.1975) 6.2
Dharamshala Earthquake (26.4.1986) 5.5
J&K and POK Earthquake (08.10.2005) 7.6
Of the above earthquakes, the most severe one, viz., Kangra earthquake (4.4.1905) was
felt over an area of 4,16,000 sq.km and about20,000 lives were lost. The intensity close to
the epicentre of the earthquake was "X" on Modified Marcella (MM) scale. The
occurrence of earthquakes in this region is attributed to the presence of several thrusts
and faults in the Western Himalayas. The project area falls in Zone V of Seismic zoning
map (IS: 1893), which has been developed on the basis of these tectonic features of past
earthquakes. It is broadly associated with maximum intensity of “IX" on MM scale.
Keeping in view the devastating earthquake of 2005 occurring very close to the
DudhPathri Project area, it is recommended that the project components shall be
designed corresponding to 0.15 g acceleration.
Hydrology
4. Provide river/ stream flow rates (monthly maxima  Design flow = 4.60 Cumecs
and minimal from historical records)
 Historical records of discharge are not available, however from the recorded flows,
the following details are available
 Max. recorded flow = 15 Cumecs
 Minimum recorded flow= 0.9 Cumecs
5. Provide data covering water availability in all  Shaliganga Nallah is perennial. It carries smaller discharges for about three months
seasons and if available, give surface and every year during winter months.
groundwater quality data during all seasons.
Indicate surface and groundwater recharge areas,
all use of water (including irrigation, industrial and  There is no consumptive use of water in the project area vicinity.
other uses), sources of water for drinking, bathing,
clothes washing.
6. If the water availability for the different uses is  Since adequate amount of water is being released (sacrificial discharge) in the stream,
impaired by the project, describe the impact and water availability for sustenance of aquatic life is not affected.
proposed mitigation measures to provide this
water at the same quality.
7. Describe river flow disruption during the dry season  No disruption of flow would occur because of project construction.
caused by the project. Describe high sedimentation
 Project construction and its operation would not cause any siltation since adequate
during construction and immediately after
flushing arrangements have been proposed to flush out sediments which may deposit
construction and measures proposed to mitigate
u/s of weir.
the situation. Describe the impacts on aquatic
organisms during construction (with high  Proposed RCC Trench weir top is flushed with bed level of Nallah and would permit
sedimentation) and after implementation of the free movement of aquatic life.
project.
8. A minimum flow of 100 litres/second should be  This shall be provided through the flushing duct of the weir. A sacrificial discharge of
maintained in the bye-passed river section during 0.5Cumecs (minimum) and 0.2 Cumecs for irrigation purpose is being released.
normal plant operation.
Land And Soil
9. Describe land suitability, adaptability, layer and  Private land required for civil structures shall be purchased through Government of J
use, land allotment, protected lands and soil types, & K. 13% land required is private.
structures and texture.
 Fairly stable rocks, which are suitable for adaption of civil structures, exist at project
site.
10. Does the project have an impact on the land  Land stability shall not be affected by the construction of the project. Wherever
stability? If so, describe measures to stabilize the necessary, hill slopes shall be stabilized by check dams and retaining walls.
land.
Flora And Fauna
11. Describe types of flora and fauna (land and water)  The wild animals / birds reported in the forest area are Snow Leopard, Markhor etc.
and types of protected flora and fauna But these are reported in the very high mountainous reaches of the catchment.
12. Describe impact of project on wildlife.  The project area does not fall in any wildlife habitat. However bare minimum use of
explosives shall be ensured so as not to disturb the wild life habitats even remotely.
13. Are surveys available describing endangered  No such surveys are available. In any case utmost care shall be taken to protect all
biological species that might be threatened by the wild life by adopting means such as: bare minimum use of blasting heavy machinery.
proposed mini Hydel project?
Health
14. What are the local health facilities and are there  Khan sahib 10km in the vicinity of the project have adequate hospitals and health
surveys of communicable diseases in the local centres run by the State Government.
communities that could be affected especially
 No surveys are available regarding the communicable diseases in the area and hence
during the construction phase of the project?
have not been reported.
15. Will imported labour force be checked on  Imported labour shall be checked for communicable diseases before deployment at
communicable diseases? site.
16. What will be the impact of the project on water  Being run-of-the-river project, no pondage of water is involved. Hence, question of
borne diseases and parasites, especially for those water borne diseases and growth of parasites does not arise.
sections of the river that will fall dry during
 Sacrificial discharge @ 0.5 Cumecs (minimum)
construction periods, or that the project will fully
use available water?
Construction
17. Provide a list of project activities, including  Project involves small areas.
construction, land clearing, land excavation, access
 Land clearance and excavation for RCC weir, approach channel, desilting tank, power
road construction, transmission line installation etc.
canal, forebay, penstock and powerhouse areas are involved.
 Water conductor system platform shall be used approach road for light machineries
to connect components like forebay and Desilting Basin. Access road for powerhouse
may be constructed on the right bank of the Nallah. Existing paths shall be
strengthened to reduce unnecessary excavations.
18. Provide an estimate of the size of the area used for  Approximately 3.45 hectare of area shall be utilized as permanent land for all the
the project activities, including the main structures, project activities and about 0.2 hectares shall be needed as temporary land.
roads, transmission lines and penstocks. Indicate
 Trees shall be planted in the powerhouse area and overall environment shall be
what percentage of the area, allocated for the
improved around the project area.
project will be restored to conditions prevailing
prior to commencement of construction activities.  No fencing is proposed for the restored land, which shall be used temporarily during
Restored land should not be fenced and / or the construction period.
considered the project developers property.
19. List the heavy equipment to be used in the project  Project being small in nature, only the small JCB type / equivalent other hydraulic
excavator will be used in a controlled fashion so as not to have any adverse impact on
construction activities. the environment.
20. Describe the impact of this equipment on existing  Small JCB type / equivalent other hydraulic excavators are a normal daily routine
roads and measures to be taken to repair any around the project area. Hence no adverse impact shall be developed by the use of
damage. this equipment.
21. Describe in a general way the various building  Cement, sand, boulders, coarse aggregate, steel and bricks shall be the main
materials, mainly construction aggregates to be materials to be used for construction of the project.
used (type, quantity, volume), where these
 Most of the material like sand, stones or boulders shall be available around source
materials are to be found and how collected, their
Nallah area or procured from open market and transported to site by trucks / tractor
means of being transported to the site and their
trolleys. Sand is available nearby Khan sahib. However Coarse aggregates can make
storage and the final disposal system for any
available by installing a portable crusher plant.
wastages generated.
 Material like cement and steel shall have to be brought directly from Jammu and shall
be stored in project stores till used.
 Wastes generated shall be removed from the site and disposed at designated places
only.
22. Describe the environmental impacts on the sites  No major impact is envisaged , However due care shall be taken to avoid any
where these materials are collected or quarried. disturbances to the environment .The material which are to be fro quarried area shall
be mostly from the excavation of project components, and this getting covered under
normal mitigation measures being taken care by the developer.
23. Describe how the hydropower plant will be  Plant will be operated manually and with fully automated controls using PLC system.
operated, including any special environmental No special environmental management controls are needed. However maintenance
management controls. as per routine shall be taken care as per the approved methods in view of
environmental obligations and shall have to be got adhered to by trained staff.
24. Describe the type of equipment used in operating  The project shall have 2 horizontal Francis turbines, each of 3000KW. Generators
the generation system, including giving the plant’s shall be of synchronous type.
rating.
 Computer controlled PLC system shall be used for operating the plant with additional
facility for manual operation.
25. Describe fully the environmental impact of the  Project being small, no environmental impact is foreseen during its construction.
construction activities.
26. Describe the number of construction workers and  Maximum number of workers (about 150) shall be deployed. Skilled and semi-skilled
the education and expertise required, whether or workers would be needed. Mostly these are locally available.
not these workers can be hired locally, where they
 Both men and women aged 18 years and above shall be employed for construction.
will be residing during the construction and their
ages and sex.
27. Describe any training that will be given to workers. Special training is envisaged relating environmental issues.
The current regulations applicable to the companies' activities are listed below shall have
to be addressed.
1. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 as amended time to
time.
2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 as amended time to
time.
3. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act as amended time to
time.
4. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as amended time to time.
5. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000 Amended 2002.
6. The Explosives Act 1884 & Rule 1983, amendment Rule 2002.
7. The Electricity Act, 2003.
8. The Factories Act 1948 (as amended till 2001) & State Govt. Factories Rules,
1963.
9. Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act.
10. State Govt. Power Policy.
28. Describe the number of operating employees and  One graduate electrical engineer fully trained in operation and maintenance of plant
the education and expertise required and whether and one diploma civil engineer shall be employed after commissioning of the project.
some people can be hired locally.
 Local people, if available shall be hired.
29. Describe any training that will be given to  Training in control systems shall be imparted to the electrical engineer.
operators.
30. Describe noise intensity around the power house,  Being a small hydroelectric project, no noise shall be created.
how much it is over ambient noise levels and what
measures will be taken to mitigate a noise problem.
31. Describe any existing activities adjacent or near the  Agriculture and horticulture is the main occupation of people living around the project
project that could have a positive or negative effect area. The project will not create negative impact on the existing activities. It shall
on the project. definitely encourage the population to set-up agro based industries.
32. Do project plans provide for an adequate buffer  Project shall be constructed within the small land belonging to Government as well as
between project (construction and operation) and Private land owners. Government land is 87% whereas the private land is 13%. No
any conflicting adjacent land use? What mitigation conflicting adjacent land use is envisaged.
is planned for such cases (vegetative screening)?
Cultural-Socio-Economic-Aesthetic Impacts
33. Describe population profiles (age, sex, education,  Project area is thinly populated. Population in the vicinity of the project comprises of
religion, income, health) attitude and perception of mainly semi-illiterate people (higher literacy rate in young generation) both males and
the community towards development, condition of females. Their attitude towards the project is positive as it would generate
the socio-cultural heritage and other relevant employment during its construction phase and provide additional electricity to them.
information.
34. Are there surveys for the area’s archaeological,  There are no archaeological resources in the project area.
aesthetic and cultural resources that might be
 The project shall improve the aesthetics of the adjoining area since trees are proposed
threatened by the hydropower plant?
to be planted and regular maintenance of roads and plants shall be ensured.
35. Describe cultural impacts (including on local  No cultural impacts would be felt on local religion etc. and the project would not
religion, on local archaeological treasures and loss affect riparian rights.
of riparian vegetation used for artisan or medicinal
purposes)
Annexure- 11.2
Social Impact Assessment of Dudhi Pathri Small Hydro Electric Project
Key words:
SIA: Social Impact Assessment
IPDP: Indigenous People Development Plan
PAP: Project Affected Persons
RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
S.no. Particulars Comments
Project Plan And Location
1. Provide a general project plan and its schedule and provide two maps  Requisite drawings are appended with the Project report
drawn on scale, one of the general area and the other for the project area
2. Give details of the proposed location of the project State/ District/Village Proposed Power House is located at village Dudhpathri on
KhanSahib-Dudhpathri road. The site is 17.5 km away from
Tehsil head quarter KhanSahib and 34.5 km from District
head quarter Budgam. And 45 km from Srinagar.
Land Details
3. Give the total area of the land required for the physical components of About 3.45 Hectares of land is proposed to be utilized for
the project. locating various components of the project.
4. Describe the type of land (e.g. agricultural, residential), the crop, Most of the land involved is government & private having no
vegetation etc. significant land use at present. Private land involved is
partly residential and partly agricultural.
5. Ownership of land (Government, Private), traditional population, Partly government and partly private land
encumbrance details etc.
6. Current land use in the proposed area and surroundings Only a small part of land located in the project area is being
used for agricultural and residential purposes.
7. Possible land use change expected after project implementation. Agro based industries are likely to come up in the area
because of increase in availability of power.
8. Proposed strategy for procurement of land, Government lease, Government land proposed to be acquired through lease
negotiated settlement or compulsory acquisition etc. Give detailed agreement shall be signed with the government. Private
description of the area falling under each category. land shall be purchased from the owners through
negotiations in the Name of CEO JAKEDA.
People Affected
9. Number of people and families affected (give details as necessary) None of the people and families is affected and no homes or
livelihood are likely to be lost. Though some minor
agricultural and residential land may have to be acquired
against fair compensation, this will not have any adverse
effect on the people.
a). including those losing homes, land or livelihood
b). those deriving benefits (employment, electricity etc) from the sub-
project
c). those who may be adversely affected by imposition of an external

population or local cultures (e.g. women, tribal’s)
10. Describe the nature of impacts expected (positive and negative) Positive impacts such as generation of employment during
construction phase, encouragement to setup agro based
industry, improvement of roads and culverts over the
streams and improvement of aesthetic beauty are foreseen.
11. Identify and describe cultural impacts, if any, in the population due to the No cultural impacts are foreseen due to the proposed
land acquisition and the proposed project. project.
Rehabilitation And Resettlement Plans
12. Establish the need for rehabilitation and resettlement based on the above R and R is not involved
descriptions and any other issues.
13. Explain the actions taken and proposed for the above so as to ensure Not applicable
restoration / improvements to living standards
14. Describe the existing national and State legal framework, quoting the Not applicable
relevant provisions and applicability for the specific use as identified
above.
15. Give a flow chart of actions for the entire RAP along with the relevant Not applicable
provisions and applicability for the specific use as identified above.
16. Provide the entitlement calculations for payment of compensation for Not applicable
various losses at replacement value.
PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION
17. Existing and proposed mechanisms / efforts for public consultation and Gazette notification in local newspapers as per section 29 of
discourse of information. Statutory requirements if any for the above the Electricity Act would be issued by JAKEDA about the
may also be explained. proposed construction of the project.
Meetings will be organized with village Sarpanchs to apprise

the local population about the project and the benefits it
would provide.
18. Explain how public participation is ensured during the entire project Frequent meetings with village Sarpanchs would be held
cycle? during the entire project.
19. Mention the requirement of RAP and where appropriate IPDP. Not applicable
Grievance Mechanism
20. Describe the grievance redressal mechanism legally available as well as Close liaison with village Sarpanch would be maintained
socially acceptable during the entire project cycle.
21. Remedies available through Lok Adalats, Village Panchayats, NGO’s etc. --------------------do------------------------
Institutional Arrangements
22. Institutional arrangements made for monitoring and implementation of

Not applicable
RAP
23. Manpower, system and costing for the above activities Not applicable
24. Please mention whether the estimated costs have been incorporated in Not applicable
the project cost with sufficient contingency
Conclusions
25. Conclude with the overall view with respect to Social Impacts and Action DudhPathri SHP shall be constructed on the left bank of
Taken covering the following points: Shaliganga Nallah using mostly Govt Land.
There is no displacement of people but no loss of livelihood

to anybody. Rand R is needed
a). Register all people to be affected by land acquisition Shall be taken care of by the Promoters. A separate cell
shall be constituted to register names of all people whose
land is proposed to be acquired.
b). Inform and consult the affected population and organize appropriate
-------------------do---------------------
grievance mechanism.
c). Monitor the formal process of land acquisition and payment of The special cell to be setup by the Promoters shall monitor
compensation and provide relevant assistance if needed the formal proceedings of land acquisition and payment of
compensation to the Owners.
d). Implement Rand R of affected people as per approved plans. -------------------------do----------------------
e). Establish collaboration with local NGO’s which represent the --------------------------do-------------------
developer’s employees and their families and other local interest groups.
RATE ANALYSIS
AND
COST ESTIMATE
CHAPTER - 12
COST ESTIMATES & ANALYSIS OF RATES
12.1 GENERAL
12.1.1 Construction of this small hydro Electric Project involves civil engineering works such
as Diversion weir, intake structure, shingle excluder, Underground Desilting tank, comprising of,
water conductor (Underground ), Surface Forebay tank, penstock & its bifurcation, Switchyard civil
structures, powerhouse and tail race Channel. Other than the above, works of smaller magnitude viz.,
flood protection works, slope stabilization, switchyard structures, E&M and transmission line etc. are
also required to be constructed.
12.2 ANALYSIS OF RATES FOR MAIN ITEMS OF CIVIL WORKS
1.2.1 Quantities for different items of work have been computed from the drawings. For
estimating the cost of various items of work, rate analyses have been carried out. While carrying
out the analysis of rates, guidelines issued have been generally followed.
12.2.2 Rates for labour and construction material have been adopted as per actual on
lowest market rates and as per prevailing market rates in the area of Jammu & Kashmir in
general.
12.2.3 Rate analyses for various items of civil works are appended hereunder. Various
rates of material and labour have been in the rate analysis have been adopted as the rates
applicable in surrounding areas.
12.3 ANALYSIS OF RATES FOR MACHINERY
12.3.1 Rates for hire charges of machinery, in general, have been based upon hourly use
rates recommended as per the Guidelines.
12.3.2 Due to relatively small size of the project components and remoteness of the site,
no major heavy machinery or equipment are proposed to be deployed and in some places like
Forebay, Ropeway arrangement are proposed to be adopted as per actual requirement.
12.3.3 While analysing the rates of Excavation combined rate for soft earth and soft rock
on %age basis as per the consultant’s assessment and an average rate have been derived in
general and it is assessed that these rates shall not vary beyond reasonable limit.
12.3.4 The Developers do not envisage procurement of any major T & P or machinery
item since the work will be executed through Contractors who will deploy their own Equipment
and machinery.
12.3.5 Since the quantities of concrete are small, only small Tilt Concrete mixers shall be used
and at places concrete can be carried through Ordinary Tractors to places where ever required.
However in case of powerhouse small Batching plant and small tower crane may be used.
12.3.6 Project being small access road along the penstock alignment up to Forebay may
be explored during execution only .The local PWD road going across the hill touches penstock
alignment at three different places as such activities are manageable from these existing road
positions as well. Activities have been planned in such a way that plat form of Power channel
shall be used as access to Forebay.
12.3 COST ESTIMATES
12.3.1 In general, the total cost of Project has been worked out based on the guidelines
contained in Manuals. As such Cost of the scheme is worked out in sufficient details so as to
arrive at realistic cost estimate.
12.3.2 Cost of Civil works and Hydro-Mechanical works has been computed by calculating the
quantities of various items of these works and multiplying the same with analysed rates.
12.3.3 The cost of Electro-Mechanical Works and Transmission Works have been computed by
utilizing prevalent market rates and in discussion with several suppliers and reasonable rates
have been derived.
12.3.4 Abstract of cost of Civil and Hydro-Mechanical works including Land, Buildings,
Plantations, Special T&P, Communications, Establishment and Audit & Accounts Charges are
shown in the cost Estimation and are as per the prevailing guidelines.
12.4 DETAILS OF COST ESTIMATES
12.4.1 Provisions have been made for
i. Establishment charges at the rate of 5% of the cost of Civil and E&M Works.
ii. Audit and accounts charges at the rate of 1% of the cost of I-Works.
iii. Losses on stock at the rate of 0.25% of the cost of civil Works.
iv. Interest rate on term Loan has been taken at 13%.
v. Interest rates for working capital shall be 12%.

vi. Capitalised Value of Abatement of Land revenue (5% of Cost of Land).
vii. Audit and accounts charges (0.25 % of I-Works).
viii. Losses in stock 0.25 % of C-works, J civil works power plant and k-buildings.
ix. Maintenance during construction 1% of (civil works-Buildings)
x. Transmission line cost has been adopted for 33 KV line double circuits.
xi. Insurance as per actual as per prevailing rates.
xii. Escalation is opted directly into Rate analysis @5% per annum.
Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW
ABSTRACT OF COST
S.no Description Amount Rs
A DIRECT CHARGES
I-Works
A-Preliminary 6,920,000
B-Land 5,991,500
C-Civil Works. 42,208,837
J -Civil works of power plant 221,512,342
K- Buildings 6,825,000
M-Plantation 150,480
O-Miscellaneous 3,230,000
P-Maintenance during construction 1% of (civil works+K-Buildings) 2,705,462
Q-Special Tools and Plants 700,000
R-Communication 8,600,000
X-Environment and ecology 275,000
Y-Losses in stock 0.25 % of C-works, J civil works power plant and k-buildings 676,365
TOTAL OF I-WORKS 299,794,987
II-Establishment 6% of ( I-Works less B- Land + E & M) 25,373,523
III-Tools and Plants 500,000
IV-Suspense 0
V-Receipts and Recoveries @ - 0.1% of C-Works -263,721
TOTAL DIRECT CHARGES 325,404,789
2 Indirect charges
I-Capitalized Value of Abatement of Land revenue ( 5% of Cost of Land) 299,575
II-Audit and accounts charges ( 0.25 % of I-Works) 749,487
TOTAL INDIRECT CHARGES 1,049,062
TOTAL CIVIL WORKS 326,453,852
B ELECTRO MECHANICAL WORKS. 129,088,569
C TRANSMISSION LINE 15,000,000
TOTAL COST ( Civil Electrical) 470,542,421
Interest during construction +Soft Costs (At Debt: Equity ratio of 70:30)
TOTAL COST (Including) IDC
Abstract of costs of C-Civil Works and for power plant Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW
S.no Description Amount( in Rs)
Head works, weir and under sluice inch diversion 42208837
Desilting Basin 29349889.73
Water conductor system 81969851.75
Forebay 21440815.41
Penstock 28510932.59
Power house , tail race and switch yard 41170452.16
Escape pipe ( spill way) 19070400.8
Total civil works 263721180
Abstract of Costs of Electro Mechanical works Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW

Amount ( Rs.
S.no Item
Lacs)
1 Preliminary 2.00
2 Generating Plant and equipments
a) Generator, Turbine and Accessories 531.96
b)Auxiliary equipment and services for power station 176.59
c)Auxiliary electrical equipment for power station 273.33
d)Central sales Tax-(as applicable) on 2(a), (b) , ( c) @ 2% 19.64
e)Transportation ,handling insurance charges @6% of 2 (a) , (c), 48.32
f) Erection and commissioning charges @ 8 % of 2(a), (b) , ( c) 78.55
Sub Total ( Generating plant and equipment) 1128.39

28
3 a) Substation equipment and auxiliary equipment and services for switch yard
b) central sales tax -(As applicable) on 3 (a) @ 2 % 0.56
c) Transportation handling , insurance charges @6% of 3 (a) 1.68
d) Erection and commissioning charges @ 8 % of 3 (a) excluding 2.24
e) Entire cabling 33
Sub-Total ( substation equipment and auxiliary equipment and services of 65.48

switchyard)
TOTAL 1195.87
4 contingencies @ 3 % in item 2 and 3 35.82
5 Tools and plants @ 0.5 % in items 2 and 3 5.97
6 Sub-Total ( item 1 to 5) 1237.65
7 Establishment @ 4 % of items 2 to 3 (equipment cost only) 41.72
8 Sub-Total( item 6 to 7) 1279.37

9 Audit and Accounts @ 0.25 % of item 8 3.20
10 Service Tax @ 10.3 % on erection and commissioning 8.32
Total 1290.89
Grand Total 129088569
Quantity and Rate Schedule of Headwork's for Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW
S.no Description Unit Quantity Rate RS Amount RS.

1 Construction of Cofferdam in the mid of the river 4500000
covering the full stretch of the Headwork's length
for facilitating the Construction work. Scope of
work includes Designing, arranging materials,
Transportation to Location, Dumping, and
Compacting. Levelling of including boulders of
required size ,Earth ,sand bags, any other item
as required for construction of Cofferdam,
Diversion, Including protective works like Stone
Masonary , Concrete walling if required etc.
complete Job. This shall include Dewatering and
any other hidden item found necessary during
execution and its safe diversion for two seasons
and maintenance. with all material cost and
carriage complete job including dewatering.
2 Excavation in all types of soil including hard soil, Cum 21,400 436.720 9345802.142
moorum, moorum with boulders, gravel, kankar
including hard and soft rock etc., including wet
excavation and removal of slush and silt, if any,
manually or by mechanized means for
foundations, trenches, cut-off and seepage
drains or where ever required, dressing of the
excavated pit and disposal of excavated spoils
upto a lead of 2.5 KM with all ifts to specified
places and stacking of selective re-usable
material as directed by Engineer-in-charge and
as per Technical Specifications. Rate to include
shoring, strutting, protection and dewatering by

appropriate means including Blasting all material
and equipment cost complete job..
3 Earth filling to form embankments, plinth filling Cum 1,500 300.000 450000
around foundation and in floors with excavated
earth as specified Technical Specifications at all
lifts including spreading, removal of roots and
debris, watering, compacting and dressing of
sides, dewatering, if any, all complete as directed
by Engineer with all leads complete job.
4 Supplying, laying, compacting and curing plain Cum 26 6963.80 181058.9005
cement concrete of M-7.5 grade) as per IS:456
with max. 40 mm size aggregates, in
foundations, pipe lines, under floors, protective
course, filling etc., at all depths including
shuttering and dewatering etc. as per Technical
Specifications including cost of all materials and
equipments.
5 Plain cement concrete M-15 (1:2:4) with nominal Cum 380 8849 3362511.973
reinforcement including cost and carriage of
coarse graded aggregate cost and carriage of
sand from approved source to the site of work
including cleaning, screening and washing if any
boxing, shuttering scaffolding charges for mixing
compaction by vibrators including curing and all
other connected charges for the complete job
including cost and carriage of cement excluding
cost and including dewatering.
6 Stone masonry in walls, bands horizontal and Cum 690 5897 4068748
vertical for pitching of sloping banks.
7 Supplying laying, compacting & curing of Cum 910 10297.922 9371108.773
reinforcement of M-20 as per I.S. 456 with max
40/ 20mm down aggregate at all depths as per
Technical Specifications. Including all material
and equipment cement ,shuttering scaffolding
etc.
8 Supplying, cutting, straightening, bending and MT 65 63,250.225 4111264.625
fixing reinforcement bars, using 18 SWG black
annealed binding wire for all structures in
foundations and superstructure at all depths and
heights including anchor and dowel bars,
spacers, chairs and cover blocks etc. as per
drawings and specifications Technical

Specifications complete job.
9 Gabion walls placed in position with boulders Cum 1,650 1,877.674 3098161.455
weighing minimum 30kg in wire crate made of
wire mesh 100x100mm panels as per IS:1556,
made by 5mm dia. Steel wire having yield
strength of 225Mpa, including all labor,
materials & equipments , dewatering as per
drawings & l Technical Specifications complete
job..
10 Plain cement concrete Jacketing of 150 mm Cum 27 8848.7 238915.3244
thickness in concrete grade M15 over front face
of crate work.
11 Supplying and fixing in position PVC water RM 38 750 28500
stopper as per drawing and specification
including vulcanizing treatment of contraction
joints, sealed joints , seated joints at all leads &
lifts including all material and equipment cost
complete job with dewatering if any.
12 Supply and laying in position of course clean Cum 102 1,050.000 107100
graded sand filter media (sand in leveling layers)
with cost and carriage of sand from approved
source to site of work, screening, watering,
laying under lean concrete of weir and around
the weir or any other place where ever required
including all other charges for the complete job
excluding dewatering.
13 Supply and fixing of 12mm thick bituminous SM 26 900 23400
mastic felt sheets in joints between cement
concrete or in masonry structures behind P.V.C.
seals including cost and carriage of mastic felt up
to site of work including all other connected
charges for the complete job
14 Dry stone pitching along river banks in between Sqm 360 399.6346398 143868.4703
masonry bands of upstream and downstream of
Headwork’s stones from approved sources to site
of Laing proper dressing, extraction and selection
of stones, including cost and carriage and all
other connected charges for the complete job.
15 Providing and fixing of trash rack of required MT 12.00 84,727 1016720.93
mesh as per design drawing and specification
with the relevant I.S. codes including cost and
carriage of trahrack material painting and all

16 Providing of steel section for ist stage embedded MT 2.00 127,493 254986.7589
parts of all types in gates structure including
fabrication installation in position painting
complete in all respects including transportation
and other connected charges complete job
including dewatering as per technical
specification including welding etc.
17 Supply and fixing of vertical lift gates MT 9 127,493 1147440.415
mechanically as well as electrically operated as
per design, drawing and specification with
relevant IS codes of various components and 2nd
stage embedded parts etc, including hoisting,
carriage of materials and embedded parts and
other components, charges for mechanically
equipments, painting and all other connected
charges for complete job including testing and
commissioning as per technical specifications.
18 Supply and fixing 100mm dia. G.I. Pipes for weep RM 120 900 108000
holes and carriage of sealing compound and
primer from source to site of fixing including all
other connected charges for the complete job as
per specifications.
19 Providing and fixing of40 mm dia G.I pipe hand RM 125 1050 131250
railing including cost and carriage of all
materials. Of 1.0 meter height
20 Shingle Excluder pipe 6mm thick and 600 mm RM 65 8000 520000
diameter.
Total 42208837
Quantity and Rate Schedule of Desilting Basin Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW
S.no. Item Unit Qty Rate Amount

1 Underground Excavation for all heading and M3 3650 4402.20 16068027.6
below invert for all types of hard and soft rocks
and surface soil including jumper work,
blasting, breaking of rock, cutting of rocks of all
types, I/c cost and carriage of blasting
materials, shoring, , mechanical charges of
machinery , including dewatering charges, cost
and carriage of mechanical equipment to the
site of work, including all lifts involved for the
simultaneous disposal of excavated materials
to the dumping site, complete job as per
technical specifications.
2 Providing and laying of PCC M-7.5 mix including M3 26 6963.80 181058.9005
cost and carriage of graded aggregate, coarse
sand from source to site of work, cleaning,
screening, washing, dewatering if any, boxing,
shuttering, scaffolding charges mixing and
carriage of admixtures as per requirement
curing and all other connected charges for
complete job, including cost and carriage of
cement excluding cost of admixtures and steel
and as per technical specifications.
3 Providing and laying of RCC form and shutter M3 610 10297.92173 6281732.254
finish M-20 (1:11/2:3) including cost and
carriage of graded aggregate and coarse sand
from approved source to site of work, including
cleaning, screening and washing of sand and
aggregate, laying, mixing and compaction by
vibrators, shuttering and other charges for
cement but excluding cost and carriage of
reinforcement, but with cost on a/c of
admixtures and dewatering if any complete job
as per technical specifications.
4 Supplying, cutting, straightening, bending and Tonn 33 63250.225 2087257.425
foundations and superstructure at all depths

and heights including anchor and dowel bars,
spacers, chairs and cover blocks etc. as per
drawings and specifications Technical
Specifications complete job.
5 Providing and fixing of Rock Bolting with 25mm RM 660 1100 726000
dia rods, including drilling and filling of Resin
charges as per requirement complete Job.
6 50 mm Thick concrete by spray of concrete SM 420 550 231000
Grade M35 to crown including cost and
carriage of all materials with Machine charges
complete job including dewatering etc.
7 Drilling 38mm dia. holes for consolidation m 400 225 90000
grouting and drainage hole
8 Consolidation grouting Bags 320 610 195200
9 Supply, cutting, straightening and placing of Sq.m. 360 325 117000
Welded Wire mesh of 100m x 100mm size with
4 mm thick wire.
10 Supply and fixing of heavy duty dumble type Rm 24 1000 24000
225mm/ 150mm wide rubber water stopper
with central bulb for expansion jointing,
confirming to IS specifications including
vulcanizing of joints in RCC and PCC, including
cost and carriage of rubber water stopper from
source to site of work and all other connected
charges for complete job including dewatering..
11 Supply and fixing of 12mm/25mm thick mastic M2 20 1000 20000
felt with sealing compound including cost and
carriage of sealing compound and all other
connected charges for the complete job with
dewatering.
12 Providing and fixing of steel section stilingrack MT 11 84726.74413 931994.1854
at Desilting basin including fabrication
complete in all respect, including welding
painting including dewatering.
13 Back filling with suitable material M3 230 6870.08 1580118.117
14 Supply and fixing of 600mm dia steel pipes RM 65 9500 617500
6mm thick. for flushing silt including cost and
carriage of materials, welding, painting and
erection charges for complete job. As per
technical specifications complete job. With
dewatering if any. Including concrete casing.
15 Supply and fixing of 600 mm dia. sluice valve No. 1 200000 199001.25
for controlling arrangement with all
arrangements like flanges bolts etc as per
technical specifications including dewatering if
any for fixing complete job inch concrete
chamber
TOTAL 29349889.73
Abstract of Water Conductor Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW
S.no. Item Unit Qty Rate Amount Rs

1 Underground Excavation for all heading and M3 11936 4402.20 52544651.36
below invert for all types of hard and soft rocks
and surface soil including jumper work, blasting,
breaking of rock, cutting of rocks of all types, I/c
cost and carriage of blasting materials, shoring, ,
mechanical charges of machinery , including
dewatering charges, cost and carriage of
mechanical equipment to the site of work,
including all lifts involved for the simultaneous
disposal of excavated materials to the dumping
site, complete job as per technical specifications.
2 Providing and laying of PCC M-7.5 mix including M3 287.5 6963.80 2002093.611
cost and carriage of graded aggregate, coarse
sand from source to site of work, cleaning,
screening, washing, excluding dewatering if any,
boxing, shuttering, scaffolding charges mixing
and carriage of admixtures as per requirement
curing and all other connected charges for
cement as per relevant codes and technical
specifications.
3 Supplying laying, compacting & curing of Plain M3 1680 10298 17300508.5
M-20 as per I.S. 456 with max 20mm down
aggregate at all depths as per Technical
Specifications. Including all material and
equipment cement ,shuttering scaffolding etc.
except steel reinforcement .Including Escape
4 Supplying, cutting, straightening, bending and MT 22 63250.225 1391504.95

foundations and superstructure at all depths and
heights including anchor and dowel bars, spacers,
chairs and cover blocks etc. as per drawings and
Technical Specifications complete job.
5 Supply and fixing of heavy duty dumble type RM 20 1000 20000
225mm/ 150mm wide rubber water stopper with
central bulb for expansion jointing, confirming to
IS specifications including vulcanizing of joints in
RCC and PCC works including cost and carriage of
rubber water stopper from source to site of work
and all other connected charges for complete job
as per technical specifications including
dewatering if any.
6 Lean concrete , Backfill in pockets Cum 550 6870.08 3778543.322
7 Providing and fixing of Rock Bolting with 25mm RM 850 900 765000
dia rods, including drilling and filling of Resin
charges as per requirement complete Job.
8 50 mm Thick concrete concrete by spray of SM 4600 550 2530000
concrete Grade M35 to crown including cost and
carriage of all materials with Machine charges
complete job including dewatering etc.
9 Drilling 38mm dia. holes for consolidation m 650 225 146250
grouting and drainage hole
10 Consolidation grouting Bags 580 610 353800
11 Supply, cutting, straightening and placing of Sq.m. 3500 325 1137500
Welded Wire mesh of 100m x 100mm size with 4
mm thick wire.
TOTAL 81969851.75
Quantity and Rate Schedule of Forebay for Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW

1 Surface Earth work Excavation of all sorts, M3 15600 436.72 6812827.73
complete job.
2 Providing and laying of PCC M-7.5 mix M3 39 6963.80 271588.3507

including cost and carriage of graded
aggregate, coarse sand from source to site of
work, cleaning, screening, washing,
dewatering if any, boxing, shuttering,
scaffolding charges mixing and carriage of
admixtures as per requirement curing and all
other connected charges for complete job,
including cost and carriage of cement
excluding cost of admixtures and steel and as
per technical specifications.
3 Providing and laying of RCC form and shutter M3 810 10297.92173 8341316.6
finish M-20 (1:11/2:3) including cost and
carriage of graded aggregate and coarse
sand from approved source to site of work,
including cleaning, screening and washing of
sand and aggregate, laying, mixing and
compaction by vibrators, shuttering and other
charges for complete job, including cost and
carriage of cement but excluding cost and
carriage of reinforcement, but with cost a/c of
admixtures and dewatering if any complete
job as per technical specifications.
4 Supplying, cutting, straightening, bending and Ton 46 62887 2892802
fixing reinforcement bars, using 18 SWG
black annealed binding wire for all structures
in foundations and superstructure at all
depths and heights including anchor and
dowel bars, spacers, chairs and cover blocks
etc. as per drawings and specifications
Technical Specifications complete job.
5 Supply and fixing of heavy duty dumble type Rm 20 63250.225 1265004.5
225mm/ 150mm wide rubber water stopper
with central bulb for expansion jointing,
confirming to IS specifications including
vulcanizing of joints in RCC and PCC, including
cost and carriage of rubber water stopper
from source to site of work and all other
connected charges for complete job including
dewatering..
6 Supply and fixing of 12mm/25mm thick SQM 20 1000 20000
mastic felt with sealing compound including
cost and carriage of sealing compound and all

other connected charges for the complete job
with dewatering.
7 Supply and fixing of 300 mm dia steel pipe RM 35 3000 105000
4mm thick for flushing silt and air vent pipe
including cost and carriage of materials,
welding, painting and errection charges for
complete job. As per technical specifications
complete job. With dewatering if any.
8 Supply and fixing of 300 mm dia. sluice valve NO 1 60000 60000
for controlling arrangement with all
arrangements like flanges bolts etc as per
technical specifications including dewatering
if any for fixing complete job.
9 Providing of steel section for ist stage MT 2.0 127,493 254986.7589
embedded parts of all types in gates structure
including fabrication installation in position
painting complete in all respects including
transportation and other connected charges
complete job including dewatering as per
technical specification including welding etc.
10 Providing and fixing of trash rack of required MT 3.0 127493.3795 382480.1384
mesh as per design drawing and specification
with the relevant I.S. codes including cost and
carriage of trahrack material painting and all
11 Supply and fixing of vertical lift gates MT 6.5 127,493 828706.9664
mechanically as well as electrically operated
as per design, drawing and specification with
relevant IS codes of various components and
embedded parts etc, including rope drum
hoisting, carriage of materials and embedded
parts and other components, charges for
mechanically equipments, painting and all
other connected charges for complete job
including testing and commissioning as per
12 Back fill in form of lean concrete Cum 30 6870.08 206102.363
14 Air vent Pipe 300 mm dia Rm 9 2000.00 18000
TOTAL 21440815.41
Abstract of Penstock Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW
1 Excavation in all kinds of soil and rock by drilling cum 2700 436.72 1179143.261
and blasting including dressing the sides,
transporting the excavated materials, stacking the
serviceable material and returning the stacked soil
in 15cm layers whenever required into sides of
foundation and trenches etc. consolidating each
deposited layer by ramming and watering and
disposal of unserviceable material beyond the
working area for all leads and lifts complete as per
specifications & drawings or as directed by the
Engineer-in-Charge. Including dewatering charges
complete job.
2 Providing, laying, compacting and curing plain cum 116 6963.80 807801.2483
cement concrete of M-7.5 grade or by nominal mix
as per IS:456 with max. 40 mm size aggregates, in
course, filling etc. at all depths as per
specifications, inclusive of cost and carriage of all
materials, admixtures and dewatering if required
but excluding reinforcement steel cost complete.
3 Supplying, laying, compacting and curing cum 890 10297.92173 9165150.338
reinforced cement concrete of M-20 grade (350 kg
of cement per cum) as per IS:456 using 20 mm
down aggregates at all leads and depths as per
Specifications including formwork, scaffolding
dewatering and cost and carriage of all materials.
4 Providing and fixing TMT/tor steel reinforcement MT 45 63250.225 2846260.125
Fe 500 grade for RCC works including handling,
storage, straightening, cutting, bending, binding,
welding the joints, placing in position wire clips,
separators, Chairs,Laps,anchors and other
fastening devices using 18 SWG black annealed
binding wire wherever required for all leads & lifts
complete in all respects as per specifications and
drawings or as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge
inclusive of all material cost and carriage and
dewatering if any complete job.
5 Gabion walls placed in position with boulders cum 540 1877.673609 1013943.749
made by 5mm dia. Steel wire having yield strength
of 225Mpa, including all labor, materials &
equipments , dewatering as per drawings & l
Technical Specifications complete job..
PENSTOCK/STEEL LINER
Supply, fabrication and Erection other Jobs
6 Supply, rolling, fabrication, erection welding and MT 98 127,493 12444633.87
transportation to the project site the following
items conforming to specifications material ASTM-
A-516 Gr. 70 or IS 2002 grade II including
handling, plate marking, cutting, edge
preparation, rolling, welding, machining etc., as
per specifications inclusive of cost of all materials,
all applicable taxes and duties and carriage
complete job including dewatering. Ultrasonic
examination of welds in shop comprising 100%
weld length of circumferential joints as per
technical specifications, repair of defective joints,
if any, and retesting until satisfactory results are
obtained complete job. Ultrasonic examination of
welds in shop comprising 100% weld length of
circumferential joints as per technical
specifications, repair of defective joints, if any, and
retesting until satisfactory results are obtained
complete job Hydrostatic testing etc. Surface
preparation by sand blasting and painting of
interior surfaces of all items covered under 18
excluding a band of 150mm on both ends of each
shell/pipe assembly. The painting shall include two
coats of Zinc rich Primer followed by two coats of
coal tar epoxy paint, complete job.
7 Earth back fill cum 2100 300 630000
8 Providing and filling of Boulders by laying & Sqm 530 800 424000
compacting boulders including carriage and
material cost and dewatering of required as
specified in drawings or as directed by Engineer-
In-charge at locations wherever required or as
specified in relevant drawing and as per
specifications or as per directions of Engineer-In-

Charge. Inclusive of cost and carriage of all
materials, dewatering if required. Complete job.
225 mm thick
TOTAL 28510932.59
Quantity and Rate Schedule of Power House, Tailrace, switchyard for Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW
Item Unit Quantity Rate Rs Amount Rs
1 Excavation in closed form from all sides i.e. Cum. 18500 436.72 8079314.936
excavation in pits, foundation, trenches and cut
offs etc. in al types of soil/ sand murum/ sand
and murum with boulders, gravels, kankar, soft
rock, hard rock, weathered and disintegrated
rock manually or mechanically including in wet
condition and removal thereof. Excavated spoils
will be disposed up to a lead of 2.5 KM at
specified places including stacking of selective
re-usable material as directed by Engineer-in-
charge and as per specifications ,inclusive of
cost and carriage of all materials required ,
dewatering . Complete as per technical
specifications.
2 Supplying, laying, compacting and curing plain Cum. 44 6963.80 306407.37
cement concrete of M-7.5 grade or by nominal
mix (230 kg of cement per cum) as per IS:456
with max. 40 mm size aggregates, in
course, filling etc. at all depths as per
specifications including shuttering, cost and
carriage of all materials and dewatering..
3 Supplying, laying, compacting and curing Cum. 1230 10297.9217 12666443.73
reinforced cement concrete of M-20 grade ( 350
kg of cement per cum) as per IS:456 using
maximum 20 mm down aggregates at all depths
as per Specifications including cost ,carriage of
formwork, scaffolding and dewatering, curing
etc excluding reinforcement, as per technical

specifications complete.
4 Providing and laying of second stage RCC M-35 Cum. 15 11097.9217 166468.8259
(wherever required) including cost and carriage
of graded aggregate and coarse sand from
approved source to site of work, including
cleaning, screening and washing of sand and
aggregate, laying, mixing and compaction by
vibrators, shuttering and other charges for
cement but excluding cost and carriage of
reinforcement, including dewatering if any
complete job.
5 Providing and fixing TMT/tor steel MT 73.8 63250.225 4667866.605
reinforcement Fe 500 grade for RCC works
including handling, storage, straightening
cutting, bending, binding, welding the joints,
placing in position wire clips, separators, chairs,
laps and other fastening devices using 18 SWG
black annealed binding wire wherever required
for all leads & lifts complete in all respects as
per specifications and drawings or as directed by
the Engineer-in-Charge including cost and
carriage of all materials and dewatering. as per
6 Flood protection in form of Plain Concrete walls. Cum. 650 8848.7 5751665.217
7 Brickwork in 1:4 cement sand mortar including Cum. 210 8477.93 1780365.147
cost of materials, carriage and scaffolding etc as
per specifications complete job
8 Gabion walls placed in position with boulders Cum. 460 1877.67361 863729.8603
made by 5mm dia. Steel wire having yield
strength of 225Mpa, including all labor,
materials & equipments , dewatering as per
drawings & l Technical Specifications complete
job..
9 Boulder pitching by supplying, laying & Sqm 340 800 272000

compacting boulders of required D50 as
specified in drawings and locations as specified
in relevant drawing as per specifications
including cost and carriage of all materials and
dewatering complete job.
10 Supplying and fixing in position PVC water stop M 60 1000 60000
230 mm wide with bulb as per drawing and
specifications including vulcanizing treatment of
contraction joints, sealed joints etc. at all lead
and lifts including cost and carriage of all
materials and dewatering complete job...
11 Supply and installation of embedded and non- MT 8 127,493 1019947.036
embedded metal works including all first stage
embedments, without being limited to anchors
plate etc. as per specifications including cost
and carriage of all materials and dewatering
complete job....
12 Providing, handling, fabrication, transportation MT 9.0 84726.7441 762540.6971
to the place of installation and erection of
structural steel for roof truss with supports,
comprising of joists, channel, built up sections,
tie rods, flange plates etc. including cutting,
bending, welding, fixing of gusset plates, bolts,
nuts etc. complete inclusive of all leads and lifts
etc.as per specification and drawings or as
directed by the Engineer-in-Charge including
cost and carriage of all materials and
dewatering complete.
13 Providing and fixing precast R.C.C. precast slabs Sqm 45 650 29250
M-15 (300 Kg. of cement/cum) including steel
reinforcement complete in all respects as per
specifications & drawings or as directed by the
Engineer-in-Charge including cost and carriage
of all materials and dewatering complete..
13 Chequered plates in cable trenches of power MT 3.0 127493.379 382480.1384
house.
14 Pressure grouting with cement including Bag 50 250 1000 250000
providing and fixing necessary pipes and fittings kg of
etc. in drill holes for pressure grouting including cement
all operations as per drawing and specification
or as directed by the Engineer-in-Charge
,inclusive of cost and carriage of all materials

and dewatering if required, complete job.
15 Supply and fixing of 18 SWG CGI Sheet roofing Sqm 304 1200 364800
over structural steel truss work fixed with J
hooks etc complete job including carriage etc as
per specification
MISCELLENEOUS WORKS
16 Supply and installation of corrugated and m 60 900 54000
perforated HDPE/PVC pipe of 300 mm dia as per
specification inclusive cost and carriage of all
materials complete job.
17 Supply, fabrication and fixing of Aluminum doors sq m 86 6700 576200
and panels as per the sizes indicated in drawings
and of anodized manufacturer. The doors shall
be spring loaded for automatic closure and
fitted with 6 mm thick glass of approved quality
and should be complete with all necessary
fittings and fixtures like handle, weather strips,
bolting and locking arrangement with keys in
duplicate as per specifications and applicable IS
codes inclusive all material costs and carriage
complete job.
18 Supply, fabrication and fixing at all heights and sq.m. 75 6700 502500
depths, Aluminium windows and ventilators as
per the sizes indicated in drawings and of
anodized aluminium sections of JINDAL or other
approved manufacturer. The windows should be
fitted with 4 mm thick glass of approved quality
and should be complete with all necessary
fittings and fixtures like handle, weather strips,
bolting etc. as per specifications and applicable
IS codes inclusive all material costs and carriage
complete job..
19 Painting the interior surfaces with oil bound sq m 1060 304.84 323129.87
distemper (two or more coats) of approved
make over a priming coat of whiting including
surface preparation, curing and scaffolding as
per specifications. Inclusive all material costs
and carriage complete job.
20 Painting the exterior surfaces with cement paint sq.m 870 150 130500
of approved make including surface preparation,
curing and scaffolding as per specification.
Inclusive all material costs and carriage

complete job.
21 Providing and laying 50 mm thick cement sq.m 180 550 99000

concrete flooring laid in 1m x 1m panels with
metallic concrete hardener Ironite or equivalent
topping, under layer 38 mm thick cement
concrete 1:1.2 (1 cement :1 coarse sand: 2 stone
aggregate 10 mm graded size by volume) and
top layer 12 mm thick metallic concrete
hardener consisting of mix 1:2 (1 cement
hardener mix :2 stone aggregate 6 mm nominal
size) by volume with which metallic hardening
compound of approved brand and manufacture
is mixed in ratio 4:1 (4 parts of cement :1 part of
metallic floor hardening compound of approved
quality) by weight including cement slurry,
rounding of edges, providing glass strips, curing
etc. complete in flooring and skirting as per
specifications and as directed by the Engineer-
in-charge. Inclusive all material costs and
carriage complete job.
22 D.G. Set room and passage provided Kota Stone sq.m 80 1150 92000
slab flooring over 20 mm (average) thick base
laid over and joint with grey cement slurry mixed
with pigment to match the shade of the slab
including rubbing and polishing complete with
inclusive all material costs and carriage
complete job.:
23 Supplying and laying 20 mm thick Acid proof sq m 12 1250 14550
tiling in battery room floors and walls with
unglazed ceramic tiles including preparation of
concrete sub surface, two coats of bituminous
primer, 12mm to 15 mm thick bituminastic liner
and making joints with specified bedding
cement, sealing the joints and washing with
dilute hydrochloric acid as specified. Inclusive all
material costs and carriage complete job.
24 Ceramic tiles flooring in office room and control sq.m 70 1450 101500
room as per specifications including base
preparation..Inclusive all material costs and
25 Providing and laying Ceramic glazed tiles in sq m 24 1250 30312.5

toilet floors and walls as per Specifications
including base preparation. Inclusive all material
costs and carriage complete job.
26 Providing, fabricating, delivering and erecting MT 3 84726.7441 254180.2324
black steel pipe hand railing safety chains as per
specifications .inclusive all material costs and
27 Supplying and laying, medium duty GI pipe as m 631 400 252200
per IS:1239 for water supply and sanitary work
including valves, bends, elbows, union sockets
and other fittings, fixing clamps or anchors to
the structure/wall for support at an interval of 2
M and making good the surface, testing the pipe
etc. Inclusive all material costs and carriage
complete job.
28 Supplying and fixing W.C. Pan 630 mm long no 2 7500 14550
Indian type of approved white vitreous china
clay with foot rest, P or S trap, 15 liters capacity
cistern of symphonic type with chain handles,
connecting pipes, associated traps, chambers
and vent pipe etc. Inclusive all material costs
and carriage complete job.
29 Supplying and fixing wash basin of 660 x 460 no 2 6000 11640
mm with C.I. Brackets, C.P. Elbow, pillar cock,
head pipe, gate valve and all other fittings 800
mm long waste water pipe, traps, strainers,
manhole with cover inclusive all material costs
and carriage complete. Job.
30 Supplying and fixing white vitreous china clay no 2 6500 12610
urinal with C.P. Fittings, grating, medium heavy
type 40 mm diameter waste pipe and all
associated work inclusive all material cost and
carriage.
31 Providing suitable size of Septic tank as per Lump 1 150000 145500
approved drawing for 10 users for 25 years with Sum
supply and fixing of heavy duty manhole cover basis
of 600 mm diameter of approved quality and
associated chambers with master trap and soak
pit as per drawing complete in all respects
32 Providing and fixing GI chain link fencing m 150 3500 525000
comprising of 12 gauge PVC coated GI chain link
mesh size 75 mm to a height of 2.5 m above the

toe wall. The toe wall shall be 200 mm above
the formation level. The chain link is to be
suitably fixed to fence post ISA 75, all structural
work to be painted with epoxy paint , as per
specifications or as directed by the Engineer in
charge inclusive of all material cost and
carriage.
33 Rolling shutter with all accessories Sqm 24 5500 132000
34 Supplying and mixing water proofing compound sq.m 1830 260.00 475800
in cement mortar for plaster on walls etc., as per
specification complete job including plaster.
Total 41170452.16
Abstract of cost for Escape pipe at Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW
S.no.
Item Unit Qty Rate Amount
1 Earthwork excavation of all sorts of soil under all conditions of
saturation including jumper work, breaking of boulders, cutting
of rocks of all types, including cost and carriage of blasting
materials, shoring, strutting, hire charges of machinery if any,
dewatering charges, cost and carriage of mechanical equipment
to the site of work, including all lifts involved for the
simultaneous deposal of slopes complete job, including
dewatering and as per technical specifications with all lead and
3
lifts. M 9450 436.72 4127001.413
2 Providing and laying of PCC M-7.5 mix including cost and
carriage of graded aggregate, coarse sand from source to site of
work, cleaning, screening, washing, excluding dewatering if any,
boxing, shuttering, scaffolding charges mixing and carriage of
admixtures as per requirement curing and all other connected
charges for complete job, including cost and carriage of cement
3
as per relevant codes and technical specifications. M 19 6963.80 132312.2734
3 Providing and laying of RCC M-20 including cost and carriage of
graded aggregate and coarse sand from approved source to site
of work, including cleaning, screening and washing of sand and
aggregate, laying, mixing and compaction by vibrators,
shuttering and other charges for complete job, including cost
and carriage of cement but excluding cost and t, including
3
dewatering if any complete job. M 805 10297.9217 8289826.991
4 Supplying, cutting, straightening, bending and fixing
reinforcement bars, using 18 SWG black annealed binding wire MT 45 63250.225 2846260.125
for all structures in foundations and superstructure at all depths

and heights including anchor and dowel bars, spacers, chairs and
cover blocks etc. as per drawings and Technical Specifications
complete job.
5 Providing of Fixing MS pipe of 700 MM dia. pipe for erection in
Escape arrangement of material as per IS 2062, Including
welding as per relevant codes and technical specifications ,
including cost and carriage of all material and equipment with
dewatering if any complete job as per drawing 0r engineers
directions.. RM 350 10500 3675000
Total 19070400.8
Quantity and Rate Schedule of transmission line for Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW

Amount Rs
Unit Quantity Rate Rs.
S.no Item lacs
Construction of 33KV Line FROM Project site to Sub-station

Arizal at 10 Km. distance with ACSR 'DOG' conductor with
poles ( Single/double) 11/13 meter high, with stone pad,
Crosses arm, pin insulator pin and nut, Number plates,
1 Km 10 1500000 150
danger board. Barbed wire, stays, concreting supports,
aluminium binding wire, aluminium/red oxide paint,
cartage, erection charges complete in all respects to
finished form.
A-PRELIMINARY
Amount
( In Rs)
S.no. Description
1 Expenditure incurred on previous investigations 0.00
2 Detailed surveys and investigations for final location

2.1 Contour surveys and detailed alignment surveys 200000.00
2.2 Geological and Geophysical surveys 200000.00
Hydrological and Metrological surveys including establishment of rain/ snow

2.3 gauges. River gauges, sedimentation stations and their running charges 150000.00
2.4 Investigation of foundations 700000.00
2.5 Rock testing & Material testing 120000.00
2.6 Investigations for availability of construction materials 0.00
Construction of approach paths/ tracer path & other alignments to facilitate

2.7 investigations and working 900000.00
2.8 Model testing experiments 0.00

2.9 Preparation & printing of project report 800000.00
3 Camp & T&P Equipments 0.00
3.1 Purchase of camps/ survey equipment 900000.00
3.2 Purchase of vehicles for inspection operations and maintenance 1500000.00

3.3 Preliminary soil testing
3.4 Consultants fee including charges for preliminary design work etc. 200000.00
Consultancy charges for preparation of prequalification bid/documents &
3.5 evaluation 500000.00
4 General
4.1 Training of engineers 200000.00
4.2 Writing of completion report and history of the project 0.00

4.3 Publicity and inauguration / entertainment charges 300000.00
5 Environment
5.1 Environment & Ecological studies 200000.00
5.2 Pollution Board clearance 50000.00
Total 6920000.00
Annexure "A “Land Requirement for permanent construction
Land Area in Kanals as

per local enquiry Estimated Cost of
S. No. Project Component
Acquisition Rs (Lacs)
Govt/Forest/Private
1 Headwork’s complex 5 2.2500

2 Water conductor System 9 4.0500
3 Desilting tank ( additional ) 2 0.9000
4 Fore bay 6.00 2.7000
5 Penstock , escape 5.00 2.2500
6 Power house, switch yard T/R 8.00 2 9.6000
8 Approach road 25.0 7 32.2500
TOTAL 60.00 9.00 54.0000
ABSTRACT OF COST
B-Land as per annexure A

S.NO Place Ha Lacs / Ha Amount (In Lacs )
Land to be acquired permanently for
1(a) Construction activities ( Ref annexure B1) 3.45 54.0000
Land to be acquired permanently for
3 Submergence 0 0 0
Land to be acquired temporarily for
3 Construction activities 0 0 0
Total 54
Add 1% on account of land acquisition for labor
and material charges for demarcation of land 0.54
and other properties
6 Add solatium charges @ 30% of land value 0
7 Establishment charges @ 6.25%. 3.38
8 Legal Charges 2
Grand Total 59.92
ABSTRACT OF COST
K-BUILDING
S No Description of items Amount (In Rs)
1 Construction of permanent residential building . 3500000.00
2 Construction of permanent non-residential building. 1000000.00

3 Construction of temporary building . 2000000.00
Total 6500000.00
4 Unforeseen as per requirements @ 5% 325000.00
Grand Total 6825000.00
M- PLANTATION
S.no. Description of items Qty Unit Rate Amount (Rs.)
Plantation of trees along water conductor, around

1 Forebay and power house.
a) Road length 2 Km 7500 15000
b) Water conductor and fore bay Km 7500 0
c) Colonies periphery 0.08 Km 7500 600
d) Power house periphery 0.3 Km 7500 2250
e) Surge shaft periphery 0 Km 0
f) Penstock portion 0.3 Km 7500 2250
Total 2.68 20100
No. of trees required = after every four meters 670 Nos
Add 20% for unseen 134 Nos

TOTAL 804 Nos
Cost of plants 804 Nos 30 24120
Cost of protective measures 804 Nos 90 72360
Maintenance cost Nos 54000.00
Total 150480.00
0- MISCELLANEOUS
Amount
S.no. Description of items (In Rs)
1 Provision of water supply, sewerage disposal and storm water drains etc. 200000
2 Furnishing & supply of equipment of 200000
3 Purchase of equipment for quality control lab. And field laboratories 600000
4 Fire, fighting equipment 150000
Provision of telecommunication system including wireless sets, Telex and telephone
5 system. 80000
6 Running and maintenance of Equipment and facilities 300000
7 Provision of security arrangements 200000
11 Boundary pillars & bench marks etc. 200000
12 Inauguration & other ceremonies etc. 200000
15 Photography & publicity 50000
17 Water tanker for dust suppression 100000
18 Canteen facilities 300000
21 Maintenance of roads for 2 years 400000
22 Construction Power 250000
Maintenance of roads for 5 years @ Rs. 0.50 lac/year/km for 10km and 0.40
23 lacs/year/km for 4 km of colonies.
Total 3230000
P- MAINTENANCE DURING CONSTRUCTION

Particulars Amount (In Rs)
Maintenance during construction @ 1% of C- Works, J-Power 2,705,462
Plant Civil Works & K-Buildings
Q- SPECIAL T & P
Particulars Amount (In Rs)
Special T & P (Proposed as per Standard Guide lines)
L. Sum 700000
Total Amount 700000
R- COMMUNICATION
Carriage Rate per

Formation way km
Length in width in width in length in Amount
S.no Description of items kms Unit mtr mtr lacs (In Rs)
1 Approach roads
I Head works 3 Km 3.75 3.75 2100000 6300000
II Power House area 1 Km 3.75 3.75 2100000 2100000
Total Road 4 Km 8400000.00
2 Bridges L/S 200000.00
TOTAL 8600000.00
X-ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY
Amount
S. No Description of items Qty Unit Rate/Unit ( In Rs)
1 Development of nurseries including fencing hect L/S 80000

2 Raising of plants in the nursery No L/S 30000
3 Planting afforestation No L/S 30000
Maintenance of plantation for a further period of three
4 years (Total 3 years) No 45000
5 Beautification of diversion site L.S
Preventative measures against soil erosion and
6 Catchment area treatment L.S.
7 Establishment L.S.
8 Rehabilitation & Resettlement
9 Muck Rehabilitation of dumping sites 50000
10 Compensatory afforestation 40000
TOTAL 275000
Y – LOSSES ON STOCK
Amount
Particulars (In Rs)
Losses on stock provided @ 0.25% of C-Works, J-Power Plant Civil Works and K-buildings
Total amount 676365.45
II – ESTABLISHMENT
S.no. Particulars Amount (Rs)
Establishment charges to be provided @ 5% of( I-works less B-
1 Land.+E&M)
Total amount 25373523.37
III – T & P ORDINARY
S.no. Particulars Amount (In Rs)
1 Provision for T&P ordinary (proposed as per standard guidelines) in L.S 500000
Total amount 500000
IV – RECEIPTS AND RECOVERIES

S.no. Particulars Amount
1 V-Receipts and Recoveries @ - 0.1% of C-Works -263,721
ANALYSIS OF RATES FOR VARIOUS ITEMS OF CIVIL WORKS
B. RATES OF PRINCIPLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
S. no Item Rate (Rs)

1 CEMENT
Cost of cement per bag at Jammu Tawi rail head 405
Cost per tonne (20 bags of 50 kg. each) 8100
Transportation to site and storage per tonne 2300
Total per tonne 10400
Handling charges and losses per tonne @ 5% 520
Hence, Cost of cement at site per tonne 10920
Cost of cement per bag 546
Cost of Cement per Cum 15,435.42
2 Tor Steel bars (average diameter) conforming to IS: 1786

a) Rate at Jammu Tawi rail head per tonne 42500
Transportation to site & storage 2500
Handling charges per tonne 1000
Basic rate of tor steel bars per tonne 46,000

3 Basic rate of structural steel per tonne
b) Structural Steel (plates, beams, angles, channels, etc.) conforming to IS: 800
MS Steel Plates (Thickness/Size average) 52000
Average rate at Jammu Tawi rail head per tonne 51,000

Transportation to site & storage per tonne 2500
Handling charges per tonne 1,000
Basic rate of structural steel per tonne 54,500
3 STONE BALLAST
(i) 40 mm Stone ballast
Cost of 40 mm Stone ballast at source per cum 1050
Cartage up to site per cum 1400
Basic rate per cum 2450
(ii) 20 mm Stone ballast

Cost of 20 mm Stone ballast at source per cum 1100
Cartage up to site per cum 1400
4 COARSE SAND FOR CONCRETE WORK

Cost of coarse sand at source per cum 1100
Cartage up to site 1200
5 FINE SAND
Cost of find sand at source per cum 1100
6 BOULDER (150 mm to 300 mm size)
Cost of boulder up to road head per cum 600
7 STONES
Cost of stones including carriage for 2.83 cum (100 cft) load. 2800
Cost of stone per Cum 989.40
8 BRICKS-First class.
Cost of bricks including carriage one truck load of 3000 nos. 22000
Basic rate per cum ( 475 nos) 3483

9 Rolling shutter
Cost of rolling shutter including all accessories with two coats of paint/Sq.
m and labor for fixing 5500
BASIC LABOUR RATES USED IN ANALYSIS OF RATES
S.no. Description Unit Rate

( Rs. per day)
1 Foreman per day 600
2 Mason (Head) per day 650
3 Mason (Ordinary) per day 500
4 Hammer Man per day 700
5 Carpenter (Head) per day 650
6 Black Smith (Head) per day 600
7 Painter per day 500
8 Mate per day 500
9 Mazdoor per day 450
10 Stone Cutter per day 700
11 Fitter Mechanic per day 600
12 Bhishti (Water Man) per day 500
13 Welder per day 650
EXCAVATION IN SOFT ROCK / HARD ROCK OR EARTH MIXED WITH BOULDERS FOR ALL LEADS AND
LIFTS
Unit Rate for 1 cum (take 100 cum for calculations)

Rate
S. No Description Unit Qty (Rs.) Amount (Rs.)
1 Mason (Head) Per day 0.5 650 325
2 Mazdoor Per day 60 450 27000
3 Stone Cutter Per day 12 700 8400
4 Explosive powder L/S 1600
5 Fuse L/S 400
6 Sundry T & P L/S 250
7 Sub-total 37975
Add 1.5% water Charges 569.625
Total 38544.625
Add OH and Contractor’s
profit @ 10%. 3854.4625
Cost of 100 cum 42399.0875
Cost per cum 423.99
Say Rs 436.72
Cement Concrete M-7.5 MIX
Unit rate per CM
S. No Description of Item Unit Qty Rate Amount
a) MATERIAL
Stone ballast 40 mm and down
gauge Cum 0.89 2450 2180.5
Cement
Cum 0.12 15,435 1852.25
Sand
Cum 0.47 1750 822.5
b) Labour
Mason day 0.1 500 50
Mazdoor day 1.98 450 891

Concrete mixer incl. hire charges
and costs day 0.065 500 32.5
Concrete vibrator incl. hire
charges and costs day 0.13 200 26
Add for scaffolding and
shuttering per CM 200
Total 6054.75
Total 6145.57
Add OH and Contractor’s profit
@ 10%. 614.56
Total per Cum 6760.13
Say Rs. 6963.80
Cement Concrete M-15 MIX

Unit rate per CM
a) MATERIAL
Stone ballast 40/20 mm and
down gauge Cum 0.85 2475 2104
Cement
Cum 0.226 15,435 3488
Sand
Cum 0.45 1750 787.5
b) Labour
Concrete mixer incl. hire


Total 7694
Add 1.5% water Charges 115
Total 7810

@ 10%. 781
Total per Cum 8591
Say Rs 8849
Cement Concrete M-20 MIX

Unit rate per CM
a) MATERIAL
Stone ballast 40/20 mm and
down gauge
Cum 0.85 2450 2082.5
Cement
Cum 0.283 15,435.4 4368.2239
Sand 2,300
Cum 0.43 989
b) Labour

charges and costs day 0.065 500 32.5


Total 8954.2239
Total 9088.5372

profit @ 10%. 908.85372
Say 10297.92
BRICK MASONRY IN 1:4 MIX

Unit rate per
CM
a) MATERIAL
Bricks
CM 1 3483 3483.33333
Cement
Cum 0.064 15,435 987.9
Sand
Cum 0.26 2300 598
b) Labour
Mason day 0.82 650 533
Mazdoor day 2.01 450 904.5
Total 6506.70
Total 7482.71

profit @ 10%. 748.27
Say 8477.93
STONE MASONRY IN 1:6 MIX

Unit rate per CM
a) MATERIAL
Stone Cum 1 989 989
Cement Cum 0.07 15,435 1003
Sand Cum 0.38 1750 665
b) Labour
Mason day 1.03 650 670
Mazdoor day 4 450 1800
Total 5127
Total 5204

profit @ 10%. 520.41
Total per Cum 5725
Say 5897
STONE BOULDERS IN WIRE CRATES.
Unit rate per 2.88 CUM ( size 1.2X1.2X2.0)

a) MATERIAL
Stone boulders incl. 15 %
reduction in stack
measurements Cum 2.88 850 2448
Wire crates 4mm @ 100mm c/c

mesh Sqm 9.6 190 1824
b) Labour
Mason day 0.39 650 253.5
Mazdoor day 0.39 450 175.5
Total 4701
Total 4771.515
@ 10%. 477.15
Total per 2.88 Cum 5248.67
Rate per Cum 1822.45
Say 1877.6736
REINFORCEMENT STEEL
Unit rate per MT

a) MATERIAL
Reinforcement steel incl
wastage 5 % MT 1.05 46,000 48300
Binding wire Kg 25 100 2500
b) Labour
Black smith day 4 600 2400
Total 55000
Add 1.5% water Charges 825
Total 55825
@ 10%. 5582.5
Total per MT 61407.5
Say 63250.2
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Unit rate per MT

a) MATERIAL
Structural steel incl wastage 5
% MT 1.05 54,500 57225
b) Labour
Black smith day 7 600 4200
Add for welding charges and
other costs L/S 5500
Total 73675
Total 74780.125
@ 10%. 7478.0125
Total per MT 82258.1375
Say 84726.7441
FABRICATION & ERECTION OF PENSTOCK LINER

Unit rate for 1 metric tonne
(MT)
(I) Supply of penstock steel (Boiler quality) per MT
Analysis of 1 M.T.
a) Average rate of penstock steel 1 52000 52000
b) Sales tax 4% 2080
c) Carriage up to site of work @1500/MT 1 1500 1500

Unloading & stacking at store
d) per MT 1000
Sub-total (a+b+c+d) 56580
Storage charges @ 3% of above 1697.4
Wastages Charges @ 3% 1748.322
Total 60025.72
Say Rs. 60026.00
(II) Rate including Fabrication , Erection and Testing
A) Materials
i) Basic rate MT 60026.00 60026.00

Add for wastage & incidentals
2.5% cost of steel 1500.65
Sub-Total (i) 61526.65
B) Fabrication
Fabrication, transportation to
ii) site complete MT 21500
c) Erection
Erection of penstock at site
complete in all respect as per
iii) given site conditions and testing MT 24000
Prime Cost (i) + (ii) + (iii) 107026.65
Add for Painting, Testing
complete 5500.00
Add for overhead charges &
Contractor's profit @ 10% of
prime cost 11252.665
Rate of Penstock Liner per MT 123,779
Say 127,493
PLUM CONCRETE IN M-10 MIX

Unit rate per 1.25 CM
Description of Item Unit Qty Rate Amount
A MATERIAL
Stone boulder Nallah
no 0.475 850 403.75
Cement
Cum 0.155 15,435.4 2392.4901
20 mm aggregate
Cum 0.94 2500 2350
Sand 2300
Cum 0.47 1081
Labour 0
Mason day 0.13 500 65

charges and costs day 0.065 500 32.5
Concrete vibrator incl.
hire charges and costs day 0.13 200 26
Total 7466.74
Total 7578.74
profit @ 10%. 757.87
Total for 1.25 Cum 8336.62
Cost per Cum 6669.29
Say 6870.08
Painting Plastic emulsion paint on Plastered surfaces
Unit rate per 10 SQM

a) MATERIAL
Plastic emulsion paint
Litre 1.5 450 675
b) Labour
Painter day 1.5 500 750

Total 2100
Total 2131.50

@ 10%. 213.15
Say 305
15 mm Cement Plaster in 1:4 mix

Unit rate per 10SM
a) MATERIAL
Cement Cum 0.044 15,435.42 679.2
Sand Cum 0.18 2300 414.0
b) Labour
Mason day 0.8 650 520.0
Mazdoor day 1.93 450 868.5
Total 2481.7
Total 2518.9
profit @ 10%. 251.89
Rate per SM 277.08
Say Rs 286.31
DRY STONE PITCHING 225 MM THICK

Unit rate per 10 SQM
a) MATERIAL
Stone boulders incl 15 %
reduction in stack
measurements Cum 2.25 989.40 2226.15
b) Labour
Mason day 0.31 650 201.50

Mazdoor day 1.22 450 549.00
Total 2976.65
Total 3525.65
profit @ 10%. 352.56
Total per 10 sqm 3878.21
rate per sqm 387.8
Say Rs. 399.6
PART I
CHAPTER 13
FINANCIAL EVALUATION
CHAPTER - 13
FINANCIAL EVALUATION
13.1 standards
The financial analysis of the Project has been carried out based upon following parameters:
1. Hydrology of the project as worked out under Chapter 3 of Part-I of this Project report
have been adopted.
2. Energy calculations have been carried out for the dependable flow as described under
Chapter 4 of this Project report. It is proposed to install 2 machines of 3000 kW each
capacity, which would produce about 30.5 gross million units of energy annually in a 75%
Dependable year.
3. Cost of civil and hydro-mechanical (H-M) works has been computed based upon the
quantities worked out from the drawings and multiplying the same with rates analysed
by using market rates of materials and prevailing rates of skilled / semi-skilled workers.
4. Total Cost of Civil and Hydro-Mechanical Works is Rs. 3264.5 Lacs.
5. Cost of electrical-mechanical (E&M) works has been estimated from our experience and
quotations received from reputable equipment manufacturers.
6. Total Cost of Electrical-Mechanical Works including Erection, Testing, Commissioning,
Trial Runs, Freight, Insurance, CST, Excise etc. works out to Rs. 1290.89Lacs.
7. Cost of Transmission Works (T) including terminal equipment at interconnection in the
sub-station is Rs. 150 Lacs.
8. Total Cost of E&M and T works is Rs. 1440.89 Lacs.
9. Total Capital Cost of Civil, H-M and E&M works including cost of Switchyard equipment
and transmission line to PDD sub-station works out to Rs. 4705.4 Lacs.
10. Construction period of 36 months has been considered.
11. Component of Loan and Equity have been kept as 70:30 respectively.
12. Income Tax holiday for the first ten years has been considered.
13. Interest Rate on Loans has been considered at 13%.
14. Repayment has been considered at 8 years, with 3 years moratorium during the period of
construction (2.5 years) and after commercial operations (0.5 year), as per Institutional
Norms.
15. Return on Equity @ 19.6% has been considered for calculating the cost of generation.
16. Financial Evaluation Period has been considered as 37 years.
13.2 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
13.2.1 Capital cost of the Project including cost of the E&M, T&D and Civil & H-M works
has been computed as Rs. 4705 Lacs. Total cost of the project works out to Rs. 5420 Lacs,
including Interest during Construction (IDC) of Rs. 541.64 Lacs, Financial Charges of Rs. 18.97 Lacs
.
13.2.2 O&M Cost, including Insurance costs, have been considered @ 1.5% of the Project
Cost, as per industry norms. An escalation @ 2.5% per annum has been provided.
13.2.3 Depreciation
Annual depreciation @ 3.17% SLM basis has been adopted on cost of Civil and H-M as well as for
E & M costs.
13.2.4 Taxation
As per present Tax laws, a Income tax holiday of 10 years is permitted for power projects.
However, Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) is applicable on the Book Profit @ 18.33%. Income Tax
beyond 10 years is @ 30.0%. Surcharge on Income Tax and MAT has been considered @ 10%.
Education Cess on Income Tax and MAT has been considered @ 3%.
13.3 Results
15.3.1 Cost of generation per kWh
Analysis has also been carried out to calculate the cost of generation per kWh over a period of 37
years. It would be seen that the cost of generation per unit works out to Rs. 4.94 per unit in the
first year, as full repayment has not been considered. It is Rs. 3.43 per unit in the next year.
Thereafter, it reduces gradually on account of lower interest charges, (consequent to repayment
of loans) till the tenth year to Rs 2.45/unit. As the payment of taxes starts thereafter, the cost of
generation increases rapidly rising from Rs. 2.45 per unit to Rs. 3.13/unit per unit. Cost of
generation for 37 years shall be Rs. 3.16per unit.
The Plant Load Factor (PLF) works out to 58%. Cost per kW works out to Rs. 90000/-. Cost per
MW works out to Rs. 9 crores.
13.3.2 Cash Flow
The Financial workings of the project envisage (a) Repayment of loans in 8 years with a
moratorium of 3 years during the period of construction and after commercial operations,
13.3.3 Debt Service Coverage Ratio
The Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) indicates an average of 1.8.
13.3.4 Internal Rate of Return
Analysis reveals that the Internal Rate of Return of the project over a period of 37 years is 19.6%.
The project is, therefore, viable considering the unit rate at Rs 3.9.
13.4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Project is financially viable and should be implemented for generation capacity of 6.0 MW with.
Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3 ) MW (Input / Assumption Data)
S.no Particulars
1 Designed Capacity 6 MW
2 Unit Size in (MW) 2 number of 3
3 Construction Time 30 months
4 Capital cost of Project 5420.06 Lakhs
5 Equity 0.3
6 Debit 0.7
7 Gross Energy 75% dependable year 305.0 Lakh units
8 Auxiliary consumtion 0.005
9 Transformer losses 0.01
10 Discounting Rate 0.12
11 Net Sate realisation 3.9 Rs/unit

of capital
12 operation and maintenance with insurance 0.015 cost
13 Escalation in O & M Cost 0.025 per annum
Revenue from Sale of Carbon Credits
14 a-Total Revenue Period in years 37 Years
15 b- Start of Revenue in years 1 after COD
16 Depreciation (Civil works) (SLM) 0.0317
17 Depreciation (Electro-Mechanical) (SLM) 0.0317
Depreciation (Civil works)-WDV
18 (For Tax Calculation) 0.1
19 Rate of Interest 0.13
Working Capital Requirement
20 Receivables 2 months
21 O&M 1 months
22 Interest on working capital loan 0.1
23 Subsidy 150 Lakhs
24 a- Loan Repayment 8 years

yrs after
25 b- Start of Repayment in years 0.5 COD
Taxation rate (including 10% surcharge 3% education
26 cess 0.3399
27 Tax holiday on Income tax 10 years
28 Incentive a/c of DPR 10 Lakhs
29 MAT @ 19% +10% surcharge +3% E. cess 19.33%
30 ROE 18.0%
31 Financial Evaluation period 37 Years
Means of Finances ( Rs- Lakhs)
32 Equity Capital 1416.02 Lakhs
33 Subsidy 200.00 Lakhs
34 Incentive 10.00 Lakhs
35 Loan Amount 3794.04 Lakhs
Phasing Quarterly Expenses
S.no Period Civil EM Other Total
1 0-3 months 108.82 360.22 17.30 486.34
2 4-6 months 108.82 17.30 126.12
3 7-9 months 108.82 17.30 126.12
4 10-12 m0nths 108.82 17.30 126.12
5 13-15 months 1741.09 17.30 1758.39
6 16-18 months 435.27 17.30 452.57
7 19-21 months 163.23 17.30 180.53
8 22-24 months 163.23 17.30 180.53
9 25-27 months 163.23 720.44 17.30 900.97
10 28-30 months 163.23 360.22 17.30 540.75
Total 3264.54 1440.89 173.00 4878.42
Repayment schedule
Year Loan Amount Lakhs Repayment Lakhs Interest qtrly Lakhs
3794.04 0.00 123.31
3794.04 0.00 123.31
3794.04 118.56 123.31
3675.48 118.56 119.45
1 Total 237.13 489.37
3556.92 118.56 115.60
3438.35 118.56 111.75
3319.79 118.56 107.89
3201.22 118.56 104.04
2 Total 474.26 439.28
3082.66 118.56 100.19
2964.10 118.56 96.33
2845.53 118.56 92.48
2726.97 118.56 88.63
3 Total 474.26 377.63
2608.41 118.56 84.77
4 2489.84 118.56 80.92
2371.28 118.56 77.07
2252.71 118.56 73.21
474.26 315.97
2134.15 118.56 69.36
2015.59 118.56 65.51
1897.02 118.56 61.65
1778.46 118.56 57.80
5 Total 474.26 254.32
1659.89 118.56 53.95
1541.33 118.56 50.09
1422.77 118.56 46.24
1304.20 118.56 42.39
6 Total 474.26 192.67
1185.64 118.56 38.53
1067.07 118.56 34.68
948.51 118.56 30.83
829.95 118.56 26.97
7 Total 474.26 131.01
711.38 118.56 23.12
592.82 118.56 19.27
474.26 118.56 15.41
355.69 118.56 11.56
8 Total 474.26 69.36
9 237.13 118.56 7.71

118.56 118.56 3.85
237.13 11.56
Sales Realisation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
S.no Particulars Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
1 Units Generated 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96
2 Auxiliary consumption @0.5% 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52
3 Transformer losses @ 1.0% 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52
4 Net Units 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91
5 12% royalty to GOVT from 11th year 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 Saleable units 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91
7 Saleable Rate 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90
8 Net Sale in Lakhs 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45
Sales Realisation
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
S.no Particulars Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
1 Units Generated 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96
2 Auxiliary consumption @0.5% 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52
3 Transformer losses @ 1.0% 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52
4 Net Units 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91
5 12% royalty to GOVT from 11th year 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.23 36.23 36.23 36.23 36.23
6 Saleable units 301.91 301.91 301.91 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68
7 Saleable Rate 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90
8 Net Sale in Lakhs 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16
Sales Realisation
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
S.no Particulars Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
1 Units Generated 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96
2 Auxiliary consumption @0.5% 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52
3 Transformer losses @ 1.0% 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52 1.52
4 Net Units 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91
5 12% royalty to GOVT from 11th year 36.23 36.23 36.23 36.23 36.23 36.23 36.23 36.23
6 Saleable units 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68
7 Saleable Rate 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90
8 Net Sale in Lakhs 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16
Sales Realisation
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 Units Generated 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96
4 Net Units 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91
6 Saleable units 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68
7 Saleable Rate 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90
8 Net Sale in Lakhs 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16
Sales Realisation
31 32 33 34 35 36 37
1 Units Generated 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96 304.96
4 Net Units 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91
6 Saleable units 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68
7 Saleable Rate 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90
8 Net Sale in Lakhs 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16
Calculation for Cost of Generation
Particulars 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
Sno FIXED ANNUAL CHARGES
1 Interest on term loan 489.37 439.28 377.63 315.97 254.32 192.67 131.01
2 O&M 81.30 83.33 85.42 87.55 89.74 91.98 94.28
3 SLM Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
4 ROE 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68
5 Provision for Taxation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.96 110.62 131.19
6 Total Charges 1035.17 987.11 927.54 868.02 896.52 859.77 820.99
7 Units available 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91 301.91
8 Cost of Generation 3.43 3.27 3.07 2.88 2.97 2.85 2.72
9 Variable cost of Generation Rs/unit 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31
Cost of Generation in Rupees
1-10 Years 2.868 Per Unit
B 1-37 Years 3.16 Per Unit
Particulars 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
S.no FIXED ANNUAL CHARGES
1 Interest on term loan 69.36 11.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 O&M 96.64 99.06 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
3 SLM Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
4 ROE 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68
5 Provision for Taxation 150.12 166.99 173.89 265.36 271.80 277.30 282.02 286.09
6 Total Charges 780.62 742.11 739.93 831.39 837.83 843.33 848.05 852.13
7 Units available 301.91 301.91 301.91 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68
8 Cost of Generation 2.59 2.46 2.45 3.13 3.15 3.17 3.19 3.21
9 Variable cost of Generation Rs/unit 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38
Particulars 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
2 O&M 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
4 ROE 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68
6 Total Charges 855.67 858.76 861.47 863.86 865.96 867.83 869.48
7 Units available 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68
Particulars 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
2 O&M 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
3 SLM Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
4 ROE 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68
5 Provision for Taxation 304.93 306.24 307.41 308.46 309.40 310.24 310.99 311.67
6 Total Charges 870.96 872.27 873.44 874.49 875.43 876.27 877.02 877.70
7 Units available 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68
8 Cost of Generation 3.28 3.28 3.29 3.29 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30
9 Variable cost of Generation Rs/unit 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38
Particulars 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
2 O&M 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
4 ROE 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68 292.68
6 Total Charges 878.31 878.31 878.85 879.34 879.78 880.17 880.53
7 Units available 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68 265.68
CALCULATION OF DEPRECIATION
BY STRAIGHT LINE METHOD
Sno Land and Site development 0%
Year Civil Cost E&M Total Lakhs
0 Dep SLM 0.0317 0.03170 Total
0 Cost 3264.54 1440.89 4705.42
0 Other 469.32 245.32 714.64
0 capitalized cost at commissioning 3733.86 1686.20 5420.06
Dep Ist year 118.36 53.45 171.82
1 WDV at year end 3615.50 1632.75 5248.25
Dep 2 year 118.36 53.45 171.82
2 WDV at year end 3497.13 1579.30 5076.43
Dep 3rd year 118.36 53.45 171.82
3 WDV at year end 3378.77 1525.84 4904.61
Dep 4th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
4 WDV at year end 3260.41 1472.39 4732.80
Dep 5th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
5 WDV at year end 3142.04 1418.94 4560.98
Dep 6th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
6 WDV at year end 3023.68 1365.49 4389.17
Dep 7th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
7 WDV at year end 2905.32 1312.03 4217.35
Dep 8th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
8 WDV at year end 2786.95 1258.58 4045.53
Dep 9th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
9 WDV at year end 2668.59 1205.13 3873.72
Dep 10th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
10 WDV at year end 2550.23 1151.68 3701.90
Dep 11th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
11 WDV at year end 2431.86 1098.22 3530.09
Dep 12th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
12 WDV at year end 2313.50 1044.77 3358.27
Dep 13th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
13 WDV at year end 2195.14 991.32 3186.45
Dep 14th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
14 WDV at year end 2076.77 937.87 3014.64
Dep 15th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
15 WDV at year end 1958.41 884.41 2842.82
Dep 16th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
16 WDV at year end 1840.05 830.96 2671.01
Dep 17th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
17 WDV at year end 1721.68 777.51 2499.19
Dep 18th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
18 WDV at year end 1603.32 724.06 2327.37
Dep 19th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
19 WDV at year end 1484.96 670.60 2155.56
Dep 20th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
20 WDV at year end 1366.59 617.15 1983.74
Dep 21st year 118.36 53.45 171.82
21 WDV at year end 1248.23 563.70 1811.93
Dep 22th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
22 WDV at year end 1129.87 510.24 1640.11
Dep 23rd year 118.36 53.45 171.82
23 WDV at year end 1011.50 456.79 1468.29
Dep 24th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
24 WDV at year end 893.14 403.34 1296.48
Dep 25th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
25 WDV at year end 774.78 349.89 1124.66
Dep 26th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
26 WDV at year end 656.41 296.43 952.85
Dep 27th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
27 WDV at year end 538.05 242.98 781.03
Dep 28th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
28 WDV at year end 419.69 189.53 609.22
Dep 29th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
29 WDV at year end 301.32 136.08 437.40
Dep 30th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
30 WDV at year end 182.96 82.62 265.58
Dep 30th year 118.36 53.45 171.82
31 WDV at year end 64.60 29.17 93.77
CALCULATION OF DEPRECIATION as per income tax Norm
Sno Year Land and Site development Civil Cost E&M Total Lakhs
0 Dep SLM 0% 0.100 0.250 Total
0 Cost 3264.54 1440.89 4705.42
0 Other 469.32 245.32 714.64
capitalized cost at commissioning 3733.86 1686.20 5420.06
Dep Ist year 373.39 421.55 794.94
1 WDV at year end 3360.47 1264.65 4625.13
Dep 2 year 336.05 316.16 652.21
2 WDV at year end 3024.43 948.49 3972.92
Dep 3rd year 302.44 237.12 539.56
3 WDV at year end 2721.98 711.37 3433.35
Dep 4th year 272.20 177.84 450.04
4 WDV at year end 2449.79 533.52 2983.31
Dep 5th year 244.98 133.38 378.36
5 WDV at year end 2204.81 400.14 2604.95
Dep 6th year 220.48 100.04 320.52
6 WDV at year end 1984.33 300.11 2284.43
7 Dep 7th year 198.43 75.03 273.46
WDV at year end 1785.89 225.08 2010.97
Dep 8th year 178.59 56.27 234.86
8 WDV at year end 1607.30 168.81 1776.12
Dep 9th year 160.73 42.20 202.93
9 WDV at year end 1446.57 126.61 1573.18
Dep 10th year 144.66 31.65 176.31
10 WDV at year end 1301.92 94.96 1396.87
Dep 11th year 130.19 23.74 153.93
11 WDV at year end 1171.73 71.22 1242.94
Dep 12th year 117.17 17.80 134.98
12 WDV at year end 1054.55 53.41 1107.97
Dep 13th year 105.46 13.35 118.81
13 WDV at year end 949.10 40.06 989.16
Dep 14th year 94.91 10.01 104.92
14 WDV at year end 854.19 30.04 884.23
Dep 15th year 85.42 7.51 92.93
15 WDV at year end 768.77 22.53 791.30
Dep 16th year 76.88 5.63 82.51
16 WDV at year end 691.89 16.90 708.79
Dep 17th year 69.19 4.23 73.41
17 WDV at year end 622.70 12.68 635.38
Dep 18th year 62.27 3.17 65.44
18 WDV at year end 560.43 9.51 569.94
Dep 19th year 56.04 2.38 58.42
19 WDV at year end 504.39 7.13 511.52
Dep 20th year 50.44 1.78 52.22
20 WDV at year end 453.95 5.35 459.30
Dep 21st year 45.40 1.34 46.73
21 WDV at year end 408.56 4.01 412.57
Dep 22th year 40.86 1.00 41.86
22 WDV at year end 367.70 3.01 370.71
Dep 23rd year 36.77 0.75 37.52
23 WDV at year end 330.93 2.26 333.19
Dep 24th year 33.09 0.56 33.66
24 WDV at year end 297.84 1.69 299.53
Dep 25th year 29.78 0.42 30.21
25 WDV at year end 268.05 1.27 269.32
26 Dep 26th year 26.81 0.32 27.12
WDV at year end 241.25 0.95 242.20
Dep 27th year 24.12 0.24 24.36
27 WDV at year end 217.12 0.71 217.84
Dep 28th year 21.71 0.18 21.89
28 WDV at year end 195.41 0.54 195.95
Dep 29th year 19.54 0.13 19.67
29 WDV at year end 175.87 0.40 176.27
Dep 30th year 17.59 0.10 17.69
30 WDV at year end 158.28 0.30 158.58
Dep 31th year 15.83 0.08 15.90
31 WDV at year end 142.45 0.23 142.68
Dep 32th year 14.25 0.06 14.30
32 WDV at year end 128.21 0.17 128.38
Dep 33th year 12.82 0.04 12.86
33 WDV at year end 115.39 0.13 115.52
Dep 34th year 11.54 0.03 11.57
34 WDV at year end 103.85 0.10 103.94
Dep 35th year 10.38 0.02 10.41
35 WDV at year end 93.46 0.07 93.54
Dep 36th year 9.35 0.02 9.36
36 WDV at year end 84.12 0.05 84.17
Dep 37th year 8.41 0.01 8.43
37 WDV at year end 75.71 0.04 75.75
DEBT SERVICE COVERAGE RATIO

Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
Service 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 PAT 434.96 483.02 542.59 602.11 573.62 610.36 649.15
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
3 Interest on Term Loan 489.37 439.28 377.63 315.97 254.32 192.67 131.01
4 Total 1096.15 1094.12 1092.04 1089.90 999.75 974.85 951.98
5 Sub Total 9140.89
Debit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Instalment of term Loan 237.13 474.255 474.255 474.26 474.255 474.3 474.3
3 Total 726.50 913.53 851.88 790.23 728.57 666.92 605.27
4 Sub Total 6075.21
5 DSCR 1.51 1.20 1.28 1.38 1.37 1.46 1.57
6 ADSCR 1.50
Particulars Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
Service 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 PAT 434.96 483.02 542.59 602.11 573.62 610.36 649.15
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
3 Cash Accruals 606.78 654.84 714.41 773.93 745.43 782.18 820.96
5 Total 1096.15 1094.12 1092.04 1089.90 999.75 974.85 951.98
Year year Year year Year year Year
Debit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 Total 726.50 913.53 851.88 790.23 728.57 666.92 605.27
4 DSCR 1.509 1.20 1.28 1.38 1.37 1.46 1.57
5 Gross ADSCR 1.68
6 Net DSCR 2.56 1.38 1.51 1.63 1.57 1.65 1.73
7 Net Avg DSCR 1.96

Service 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 Net sale realisation 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45
3 O&M Cost 81.30 83.33 85.42 87.55 89.74 91.98 94.28
4 Administrative expenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Total 1096.15 1094.12 1092.04 1089.90 1087.71 1085.47 1083.17
Debit Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Instalment of term loan 237.13 474.26 474.26 474.26 474.26 474.26 474.26
3 Total 726.50 913.53 851.88 790.23 728.57 666.92 605.27
4 DSCR 1.51 1.20 1.28 1.38 1.49 1.63 1.79
5 Average DSCR 1.84

Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
Service 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 PAT 689.52 728.03 730.21 497.45 491.01 485.51 480.79 476.72
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
3 Interest on Term Loan 69.36 11.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Total 930.70 911.40 902.03 669.27 662.82 657.33 652.61 648.53
5 Sub Total
Debit 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Instalment of term Loan 474.3 237.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Interest on Term Loan 69.36 11.56 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Total 543.62 248.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Sub Total
5 DSCR 1.71 3.66
6 ADSCR
Particulars Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
Service 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 PAT 689.52 728.03 730.21 497.45 491.01 485.51 480.79 476.72
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
3 Cash Accruals 861.34 899.84 902.03 669.27 662.82 657.33 652.61 648.53
5 Total 930.70 911.40 902.03 669.27 662.82 657.33 652.61 648.53
year Year year Year year Year year Year
Debit 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Instalment of term Loan 474.26 237.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Interest on Term Loan 69.36 11.56 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Total 543.62 248.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 DSCR 1.71 3.66
5 Gross ADSCR
6 Net DSCR 1.82 3.79
7 Net Avg DSCR

Service 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
2 Net sale realisation 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16
3 O&M Cost 96.64 99.06 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
4 Administrative expenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Total 1080.81 1078.40 1075.92 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
Debit Year 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Instalment of term loan 474.26 237.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Total 543.62 248.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 DSCR 1.99 4.34

Service 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 PAT 473.18 470.08 467.37 464.99 462.88 461.01 459.36
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
4 Total 644.99 641.90 639.19 636.80 634.70 632.83 631.17
5 Sub Total
Debit 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 Instalment of term Loan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Interest on Term Loan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Sub Total
5 DSCR
6 ADSCR
Service 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 PAT 473.18 470.08 467.37 464.99 462.88 461.01 459.36
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
3 Cash Accruals 644.99 641.90 639.19 636.80 634.70 632.83 631.17
5 Total 644.99 641.90 639.19 636.80 634.70 632.83 631.17
year Year year Year year Year year
Debit 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
3 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 DSCR
5 Gross ADSCR
6 Net DSCR
7 Net Avg DSCR

Service 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
3 O&M Cost 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
5 Total 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
Debit Year 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
3 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Service 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 PAT 457.88 456.57 455.40 454.35 453.41 452.57 451.82 451.14
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
4 Total 629.70 628.39 627.21 626.17 625.23 624.39 623.63 622.96
5 Sub Total
Debit 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 Instalment of term Loan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Interest on Term Loan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Sub Total
5 DSCR
6 ADSCR
Particulars Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
Service 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 PAT 457.88 456.57 455.40 454.35 453.41 452.57 451.82 451.14
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
3 Cash Accruals 629.70 628.39 627.21 626.17 625.23 624.39 623.63 622.96
5 Total 629.70 628.39 627.21 626.17 625.23 624.39 623.63 622.96
Year year Year year Year year Year year
Debit 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 Instalment of term Loan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 Interest on Term Loan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 DSCR
5 Gross ADSCR
6 Net DSCR
7 Net Avg DSCR

Service 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
2 Net sale realisation 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16
3 O&M Cost 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
4 Administrative expenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Total 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
Debit Year 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 Instalment of term loan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Service 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
1 PAT 450.54 450.54 449.99 449.50 449.06 448.67 448.31
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
4 Total 622.35 622.35 621.81 621.32 620.88 620.48 620.13
5 Sub Total
Debit 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
1 Instalment of term Loan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 Sub Total
5 DSCR
6 ADSCR
Service 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
1 PAT 450.54 450.54 449.99 449.50 449.06 448.67 448.31
2 Depreciation 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
3 Cash Accruals 622.35 622.35 621.81 621.32 620.88 620.48 620.13
5 Total 622.35 622.35 621.81 621.32 620.88 620.48 620.13
Year year Year year Year year Year
Debit 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
3 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 DSCR
5 Gross ADSCR
6 Net DSCR
7 Net Avg DSCR

Service 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
3 O&M Cost 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
5 Total 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
Debit Year 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
3 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT

Particulars
S.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Total sale realisation 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45
2 Carbon Credits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 O&M Cost 81.30 83.33 85.42 87.55 89.74 91.98 94.28
4 PBIDT 1096.15 1094.12 1092.04 1089.90 1087.71 1085.47 1083.17
5 Depreciation SLM 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
6 PBIT 924.34 922.30 920.22 918.09 915.90 913.65 911.35
8 PBT 434.96 483.02 542.59 602.11 661.58 720.99 780.34
9 Provision for Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.96 110.62 131.19
10 PAT 434.96 483.02 542.59 602.11 573.62 610.36 649.15
11 Retained Profit 434.96 483.02 542.59 602.11 573.62 610.36 649.15

Particulars
S.no 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Total sale realisation 1177.45 1177.45 1177.45 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16
2 Carbon Credits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 O&M Cost 96.64 99.06 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
4 PBIDT 1080.81 1078.40 1075.92 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
5 Depreciation SLM 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82 171.82
6 PBIT 909.00 906.58 904.10 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
8 PBT 839.64 895.02 904.10 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
9 Provision for Tax 150.12 166.99 173.89 265.36 271.80 277.30 282.02 286.09
10 PAT 689.52 728.03 730.21 497.45 491.01 485.51 480.79 476.72
11 Retained Profit 689.52 728.03 730.21 497.45 491.01 485.51 480.79 476.72

Particulars
Sno 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
3 O&M Cost 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
4 PBIDT 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
6 PBIT 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
8 PBT 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
10 PAT 473.18 470.08 467.37 464.99 462.88 461.01 459.36
11 Retained Profit 473.18 470.08 467.37 464.99 462.88 461.01 459.36

Particulars
S.no 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 Total sale realisation 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16 1036.16
2 Carbon Credits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 O&M Cost 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
4 PBIDT 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
6 PBIT 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
8 PBT 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
10 PAT 457.88 456.57 455.40 454.35 453.41 452.57 451.82 451.14
11 Retained Profit 457.88 456.57 455.40 454.35 453.41 452.57 451.82 451.14

Particulars
S.no 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
3 O&M Cost 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
4 PBIDT 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
6 PBIT 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
8 PBT 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
10 PAT 450.54 450.54 449.99 449.50 449.06 448.67 448.31
11 Retained Profit 450.54 450.54 449.99 449.50 449.06 448.67 448.31
TAXATION AS PER COMPANY LAW Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
S.no Particulars 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 PBT 434.96 483.02 542.59 602.11 661.58 720.99 780.34
3 Tax Norm Depreciation 794.937 652.210 539.565 450.040 378.360 320.517 273.460
4 Balance -188.16 2.63 174.85 323.89 455.03 572.29 678.70
5 Qualifying amount for Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 455.03 572.29 678.70
6 Rebate during first 10 years 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 455.03 572.29 678.70
7 Profit/loss subjected to Tax 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Income Tax Amount 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 Tax as per MAT 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 87.958 110.623 131.192
10 Provisions for Taxation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87.96 110.62 131.19
TAXATION AS PER COMPANY LAW Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
S.no Particulars 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 PBT 839.64 895.02 904.10 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
3 Tax Norm Depreciation 234.860 202.933 176.309 153.931 134.977 118.808 104.925 92.930
4 Balance 776.59 863.90 899.61 780.69 799.65 815.82 829.70 841.70
5 Qualifying amount for Tax 776.59 863.90 899.61 780.69 799.65 815.82 829.70 841.70
6 Rebate during first 10 years 776.59 863.90 899.61 0 0 0 0 0
7 Profit/loss subjected to Tax 0 0 0 780.69 799.65 815.82 829.70 841.70
8 Income Tax Amount 0 0 0 265.358 271.801 277.296 282.015 286.092
9 Tax as per MAT 150.115 166.992 173.895 150.908 154.572 157.697 160.381 162.700
10 Provisions for Taxation 150.12 166.99 173.89 265.36 271.80 277.30 282.02 286.09
S.no Particulars 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 PBT 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
4 Balance 852.12 861.21 869.19 876.21 882.40 887.89 892.77
6 Rebate during first 10 years 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Profit/loss subjected to Tax 852.12 861.21 869.19 876.21 882.40 887.89 892.77
8 Income Tax Amount 289.634 292.726 295.436 297.822 299.929 301.795 303.452
9 Tax as per MAT 164.714 166.472 168.014 169.371 170.569 171.630 172.572
TAXATION AS PER COMPANY LAW Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
Sno Particulars 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 PBT 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
3 Tax Norm Depreciation 37.522 33.657 30.207 27.123 24.363 21.891 19.675 17.687
4 Balance 897.10 900.97 904.42 907.50 910.26 912.73 914.95 916.94
5 Qualifying amount for Tax 897.10 900.97 904.42 907.50 910.26 912.73 914.95 916.94
6 Rebate during first 10 years 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Profit/loss subjected to Tax 897.10 900.97 904.42 907.50 910.26 912.73 914.95 916.94
8 Income Tax Amount 304.925 306.239 307.412 308.460 309.398 310.238 310.992 311.667
9 Tax as per MAT 173.410 174.157 174.824 175.420 175.954 176.432 176.860 177.244
10 Provisions for Taxation 304.93 306.24 307.41 308.46 309.40 310.24 310.99 311.67
S.no Particulars 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
1 PBT 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81 762.81
4 Balance 918.72 918.72 920.32 921.76 923.05 924.22 925.26
6 Rebate during first 10 years 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Profit/loss subjected to Tax 918.72 918.72 920.32 921.76 923.05 924.22 925.26
8 Income Tax Amount 312.274 312.274 312.818 313.307 313.746 314.141 314.496
9 Tax as per MAT 177.589 177.589 177.899 178.177 178.426 178.651 178.853
CASH FLOW Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
S.no Particulars Base year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Debt 3794.04
2 Equity 1416.02
3 Incentive 10
4 Subsidy 200
5 PBIDT 1096.15 1094.12 1092.04 1089.90 1087.71 1085.47 1083.17
6 Total inflow 5420.06 1096.15 1094.12 1092.04 1089.90 1087.71 1085.47 1083.17
7 Cash outflow
8 Capital expenditure 5420.06
9 Repayment 237.13 474.26 474.26 474.26 474.26 474.26 474.26
11 Provision for Tax 0 0 0.000 0.000 87.958 110.623 131.192
12 Total outflow 5420.06 726.50 913.53 851.88 790.23 816.53 777.54 736.46
13 Opening balance 0 0 369.65 550.24 790.39 1090.07 1361.25 1669.17
14 Surplus 0 369.65 180.59 240.16 299.67 271.18 307.92 346.71
15 Closing Balance 369.65 550.24 790.39 1090.07 1361.25 1669.17 2015.88
CASH FLOW Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
S.no Particulars 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Debt
2 Equity
3 Incentive
4 Subsidy
5 PBIDT 1080.81 1078.40 1075.92 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
6 Total inflow 1080.81 1078.40 1075.92 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
7 Cash outflow
8 Capital expenditure
9 Repayment 474.26 237.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 Total outflow 693.73 415.68 173.89 265.36 271.80 277.30 282.02 286.09
13 Opening balance 2015.88 2402.96 3065.68 3967.70 4636.97 5299.79 5957.12 6609.73
14 Surplus 387.08 662.72 902.03 669.27 662.82 657.33 652.61 648.53
15 Closing Balance 2402.96 3065.68 3967.70 4636.97 5299.79 5957.12 6609.73 7258.26
Sno Particulars 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 Debt
2 Equity
3 Incentive
4 Subsidy
5 PBIDT 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
6 Total inflow 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
7 Cash outflow
9 Repayment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 Total outflow 289.63 292.73 295.44 297.82 299.93 301.79 303.45
13 Opening balance 7258.26 7903.26 8545.16 9184.34 9821.15 10455.84 11088.67
14 Surplus 644.99 641.90 639.19 636.80 634.70 632.83 631.17
15 Closing Balance 7903.26 8545.16 9184.34 9821.15 10455.84 11088.67 11719.85
CASH FLOW Year Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
S.no Particulars 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 Debt
2 Equity
3 Incentive
4 Subsidy
5 PBIDT 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
6 Total inflow 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
7 Cash outflow
9 Repayment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 Total outflow 304.93 306.24 307.41 308.46 309.40 310.24 310.99 311.67
13 Opening balance 11719.85 12349.55 12977.93 13605.15 14231.31 14856.54 15480.93 16104.56
14 Surplus 629.70 628.39 627.21 626.17 625.23 624.39 623.63 622.96
15 Closing Balance 12349.55 12977.93 13605.15 14231.31 14856.54 15480.93 16104.56 16727.52
S.no Particulars 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
1 Debt
2 Equity
3 Incentive
4 Subsidy
5 PBIDT 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
6 Total inflow 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63
7 Cash outflow
9 Repayment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
12 Total outflow 312.27 312.27 312.82 313.31 313.75 314.14 314.50
13 Opening balance 16727.52 17349.87 17972.22 18594.03 19215.35 19836.23 20456.71
14 Surplus 622.35 622.35 621.81 621.32 620.88 620.48 620.13
15 Closing Balance 17349.87 17972.22 18594.03 19215.35 19836.23 20456.71 21076.84
Balance Sheet
S.no Particulars 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A Assets
1 Gross Block 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06
2 Less Depreciation 171.82 343.63 515.45 687.26 859.08 1030.90 1202.71
3 Net Block 5248.25 5076.43 4904.61 4732.80 4560.98 4389.17 4217.35
4 Cash & Bank Balances 369.65 550.24 790.39 1090.07 1361.25 1669.17 2015.88
5 Total Assets 5617.90 5626.67 5695.01 5822.86 5922.23 6058.34 6233.23
B Liabilities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Term Loan 3556.92 3082.661 2608.405 2134.150 1659.894 1185.639 711.383
2 Reserves 434.96 917.99 1460.58 2062.70 2636.32 3246.68 3895.83
3 Subsidy 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
4 Incentive 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
5 Equity 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02
C Total Liabilities 5567.90 5576.67 5645.01 5772.86 5872.23 6008.34 6183.23
-5420.06 1096.15 1094.12 1092.04 1089.90 1087.71 1085.47 1083.17

Financial
Result IRR 19.6%
Balance Sheet
S.no Particulars 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A Assets
1 Gross Block 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06
2 Less Depreciation 1374.53 1546.34 1718.16 1889.98 2061.79 2233.61 2405.42 2577.24
3 Net Block 4045.53 3873.72 3701.90 3530.09 3358.27 3186.45 3014.64 2842.82
4 Cash & Bank Balances 2402.96 3065.68 3967.70 4636.97 5299.79 5957.12 6609.73 7258.26
5 Total Assets 6448.49 6939.39 7669.60 8167.05 8658.06 9143.58 9624.37 10101.09
B Liabilities 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Term Loan 237.128 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Reserves 4585.35 5313.38 6043.58 6541.04 7032.04 7517.56 7998.35 8475.07
3 Subsidy 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
4 Incentive 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
5 Equity 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02
C Total Liabilities 6398.49 6889.39 7619.60 8117.05 8608.06 9093.58 9574.37 10051.09
1080.81 1078.40 1075.92 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63

Financial
Result IRR
Balance Sheet
S.no Particulars 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
A Assets
1 Gross Block 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06
2 Less Depreciation 2749.06 2920.87 3092.69 3264.50 3436.32 3608.14 3779.95 3951.77
3 Net Block 2671.01 2499.19 2327.37 2155.56 1983.74 1811.93 1640.11 1468.29
4 Cash & Bank Balances 7903.26 8545.16 9184.34 9821.15 10455.84 11088.67 11719.85 12349.55
5 Total Assets 10574.26 11044.35 11511.72 11976.71 12439.59 12900.60 13359.96 13817.84
B Liabilities 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 Term Loan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Reserves 8948.24 9418.3276 9885.70 10350.69 10813.57 11274.58 11733.94 12191.82
3 Subsidy 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
4 Incentive 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
5 Equity 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02

C Total Liabilities 10524.26 10994.35 11461.72 11926.71 12389.59 12850.60 13309.96 13767.84
934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63

Financial
Result IRR
Balance Sheet
S.no Particulars 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A Assets
1 Gross Block 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06
3 Net Block 1296.48 1124.66 952.85 781.03 609.22 437.40 265.58
5 Total Assets 14274.41 14729.81 15184.16 15637.57 16090.14 16541.96 16993.10
B Liabilities 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1 Term Loan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Reserves 12648.39 13103.79 13558.14 14011.55 14464.12 14915.94 15367.08
3 Subsidy 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
4 Incentive 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
5 Equity 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02
934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63

Financial
Result IRR
Balance Sheet
S.no Particulars 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
A Assets
1 Gross Block 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06 5420.06
3 Net Block 93.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Total Assets
B Liabilities 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
1 Term Loan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Reserves 15817.62 16268.15 16718.14 17167.65 17616.71 18065.38 18078.73
3 Subsidy 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
4 Incentive 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
5 Equity 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02 1416.02
934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63 934.63

Financial
Result IRR
Capital Cost
1-A. Civil Works
S no. Particulars Amount Unit
1 A-Preliminary 69.20 Lakhs
2 B-Land 59.92 Lakhs
3 C-Civil Works. 422.09 Lakhs
4 J -Civil works of power plant 2215.12 Lakhs
5 K- Buildings 68.25 Lakhs
6 M-Plantation 1.50 Lakhs
7 O-Miscellaneous 32.30 Lakhs
P-Maintenance during construction 1% of (civil works+K-Buildings) 27.05 Lakhs
B. 1 Q-Special Tools and Plants 7.00 Lakhs
2 R-Communication 86.00 Lakhs
3 X-Environment and ecology 2.75 Lakhs
4 Y-Losses in stock 0.25 % of C-works, J civil works power plant and k-buildings 6.76 Lakhs
TOTAL OF I-WORKS 2997.95 Lakhs
C1 II-Establishment 6% of ( I-Works less B- Land + E & M) 253.74 Lakhs
2 III-Tools and Plants 5.00 Lakhs
3 IV-Suspense 0.00 Lakhs
4 V-Receipts and Recoveries @ - 0.1% of C-Works -2.64 Lakhs
TOTAL DIRECT CHARGES 3254.05 Lakhs
D Indirect charges
1 I-Capitalized Value of Abatement of Land revenue ( 5% of Cost of Land) 3.00 Lakhs
2 II-Audit and accounts charges ( 0.25 % of I-Works) 7.49 Lakhs
TOTAL INDIRECT CHARGES 10.49 Lakhs
TOTAL CIVIL WORKS 3264.54 Lakhs
2-B.1 ELECTRO MECHANICAL WORKS. 1290.89 Lakhs
2 TRANSMISSION LINE 150.00 Lakhs
TOTAL COST ( Civil Electrical) 4705.42 Lakhs
3-C Interest during construction +Soft Costs (At Debt: Equity ratio of 70:30)
1 Financing Charges(FC) 18.97 Lakhs
2 Interest during cons.(IDC) 541.64 Lakhs
3 Contingency @1.00% 54.20 Lakhs
4 Margin Money for WC 44.83 Lakhs
5 Insurance for construction period including ALOP 55 Lakhs
Total cost included IDC & FC 5420.06 Lakhs
JAMMU & KASHMIR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
COMPUTATION OF WORKING CAPITAL
S.no Particulars Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7
1 O & M Expenses 81.30 83.33 85.42 87.55 89.74 91.98 94.28
2 O&M EXPENSES OF ONE MONTH 6.78 6.94 7.12 7.30 7.48 7.67 7.86
RECEIVABLES ( 2 MONTHS) OF FIXED
3 CHARGES 172.53 164.52 154.59 144.67 149.42 143.30 136.83
4 WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENT 179.30 171.46 161.71 151.97 156.90 150.96 144.69
5 INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL 17.93 17.15 16.17 15.20 15.69 15.10 14.47
Sno Particulars Year-8 Year-9 Year-10 Year-11 Year-12 Year-13 Year-14 Year-15
1 O & M Expenses 96.64 99.06 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
O&M EXPENSES OF ONE
2 MONTH 8.05 8.25 8.46 8.46 8.46 8.46 8.46 8.46
RECEIVABLES ( 2 MONTHS) OF
3 FIXED CHARGES 130.10 123.68 123.32 138.57 139.64 140.55 141.34 142.02
WORKING CAPITAL
4 REQUIREMENT 138.16 131.94 131.78 147.03 148.10 149.02 149.80 150.48
INTEREST ON WORKING
5 CAPITAL 13.82 13.19 13.18 14.70 14.81 14.90 14.98 15.05
Sno Particulars Year-16 Year-17 Year-18 Year-19 Year-20 Year-21 Year-22
1 O & M Expenses 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
RECEIVABLES ( 2 MONTHS) OF FIXED
3 CHARGES 142.61 143.13 143.58 143.98 144.33 144.64 144.91
Sno Particulars Year-23 Year-24 Year-25 Year-26 Year-27 Year-28 Year-29 Year-30
1 O & M Expenses 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
2 O&M EXPENSES OF ONE MONTH 8.46 8.46 8.46 8.46 8.46 8.46 8.46 8.46
3 RECEIVABLES ( 2 MONTHS) OF FIXED CHARGES 145.16 145.38 145.57 145.75 145.91 146.05 146.17 146.28
4 WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENT 153.62 153.84 154.04 154.21 154.37 154.51 154.63 154.74
5 INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL 15.36 15.38 15.40 15.42 15.44 15.45 15.46 15.47
Dudhpathri MHP (2 x 3
) MW
Sno Particulars Year-31 Year-32 Year-33 Year-34 Year-35 Year-36 Year-37
1 O & M Expenses 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53 101.53
3 RECEIVABLES ( 2 MONTHS) OF FIXED CHARGES 146.38 146.38 146.48 146.56 146.63 146.70 146.75

JAKEDA Detailed Project Report for Dudhpathri SHP

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JAKEDA Detailed Project Report for Dudhpathri SHP

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A_ Rouf Infra Energy Pvt.

S.no. Chapter no. Name of Chapter Page no.

01. Executive Summary ii - iv

02. Check List vi - ix

03. Abbreviations ix- xi

04. Salient Features xii - xvii

05. Chapter – 1 Introduction 1 - 27

06. Chapter - 2 Survey & Investigations 28 -30

07. Chapter - 3 Hydrology 31- 65

08. Chapter - 4 Power Potential 66 - 82

09. Chapter - 5 Geology 83 - 91

10. Chapter - 6 Civil Engineering Structures 92 - 124

11. Chapter – 7 Electro Mechanical Works 125 - 137

12. Chapter – 8 Construction Methodology 138 - 143

13. Chapter – 9 Construction Materials & Specifications 144 – 164

14. Chapter – 10 Construction & communication Facilities 165 – 166

15. Chapter – 11 Environment & Ecology 167 – 188

16. Chapter_ 12 Rate and cost 189 - 234

17. Chapter _13 Financial 235 - 298

Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page i

In order to encourage Private Developers participation in Small/mini/micro

Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page ii

Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page iii

engineering aspects including proposal of optimal installed capacity, and finally to

The water will be diverted by constructing a diversion structure across the

Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page iv

Project minutiae are enunciated below.

Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page v

Name of the Project : Dudh Pathri SHP

i. State : Jammu and Kashmir

ii. District : Budgam

Iii Village : Dudh Pathri

Category of the Project Planning : MNRE SHP

Has the overall development of the Streams /canal been : Yes

ii. Head works survey (weir or diversion structure) :Yes

iii. Desilting Tank :Yes

iv. Site :Yes

v. Water Conductor system :Yes

vi. Power house, switchyard, tailrace :Yes

vii. Penstock :Yes

viii. Communication etc :Yes

Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page vi

Have the hydrology and metrological Investigation been : Yes

ii. Gauge and discharge data of the system : Discharge measured

Have hydrology studies been carried out : Yes

To establish the availability of water for the dependable flow :Yes

Has the layout of the project area, viz; location of diversion

ii. Penstock and water conductor system : Yes

iii. Power house, switchyard : Yes

iv. Power house equipment, LT/HT : Yes

v. Switching equipment and control and protection equipment : Yes

vi. Communication facilities : Yes

Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page vii

Are the major components of work proposed to be done : Through IPP

Ii Earth work in filling (wherever applicable) :Yes

iii. Stones for masonry work : Yes

iv. Coarse aggregate for concrete : Yes

v. Steel of various size and type of Reinforcement : Yes

vi. Cement concrete : Yes

Dudhpathri SHP Project ( 2 x 3 MW) Part I Page viii

vii. Other materials, P.O.L, Electricity etc. : Yes

Is the estimate prepared? : Yes the estimate has been

been done? rates as per the present market