ANALTICAL TECHNIQUES ASSIGNMENT

COURSE#509

BAUME SCALE

INTRODUCTION
The French chemist Antoine Baumé devised the scale for marking hydrometers

DEFINITION
The Baumé scale is a measure of a solution's specific gravity, not its concentration.and
The Baumé scale is not a temperature scale

DESIGN OF BAUME SCALE OR EQUIPMENT DETAIL:

Designating or conforming to either of the scales used by theFrench chemist Antoine
Baum['e] in the graduation of his hydrometers; of or relating to Baum['e]'s scales
orhydrometers. There are two Baum['e] hydrometers. One, which is used with liquids
heavier than water, sinks to 0[deg] in pure water, and to 15[deg] in a 15 per cent salt
solution; the other, for liquids lighter than water, sinks to 0[deg] in a 10 per cent salt
solution and to 10[deg] in pure water. In both cases the graduation, based on the
distance between these fundamental points, is continued along the stem as far as
desired.

QUESTION
Q.1:I work at a water park, and our 55 gallon HCl barrels come labeled as having a
concentration of 22 degrees Baumé. I would like to know what the conversion
factor is from "degrees Baumeé" to Molar? (Chad)

ANSWER
CALIBRATION OF A HEAVIER-THAN-WATERHYDROMETER ON THE
BAUMÉ SCALE.
For liquids that are heavier than water, 0°Bé marks the water level of the hydrometer
placed in pure water, and 15°Bé corresponds to the water level when the scale is placed
in a solution that is 15% NaCl by mass. For liquids that are lighter than water, 10°Bé
marks the level for pure water and 0°Bé corresponds to a solution that is 10% NaCl by
mass.

HOW WE GET THE MOLARITY FROM BAUME/ CONVERSION OF BAUME

INTO MOLAR SOLUTION
To get the molarity of the HCl, you'll have to convert degrees Baumé to a specific
gravity,and then use the specific gravity to look up the concentration of HCl from Pure water 15(w/w)% NaCl
Calibration of a heavierthan-
a tablein a handbook. For example, the CRC handbook has tables that relate water hydrometer onthe
specific gravitiesto con centrations for sulfuric acid. Baumé scale.

CALCULATE SPECIFIC GRAVITY FROM DEGREE BAUME

Note: Since all the degrees on a Baum['e] scale are thus equal in length, while those on
a specific-gravity scale grow smaller as the density increases, there is no simple
relation between degrees B['e]. and Sp. gr.However, readings on Baum['e]s scale may
be approximately reduced to specific gravities by the following formula (x in each case
being the reading on Baum['e]'s scale) :
FORMULA
(a) for liquids heavier than water, sp. gr. = 144 [div] (144
- x)
(b) for liquids lighter than water, sp. gr. = 144 [div] (134 + x)
At 60°F, specific gravity can be calculated from degrees Baumé using the following
formulas:
MUHAMMAD DANISH 1
17-02-07
ANALTICAL TECHNIQUES ASSIGNMENT
COURSE#509
liquids lighter than water: sp. gr. = 140/(°Bé + 130)
liquids heavier than water: sp. gr. = 145/(145 - °Bé)
Note that a "new" scale called the Gerlach scale uses 146.78 in the heavier-than-water
equation rather than 145.

APPLICATION AND USES

Although the Baumé scale is almost never mentioned in chemistry courses,
tradesmen often use it as a convenient way to check solution concentration. For
example, U. S. Grade One degree Baumé is equivalent to 1.8° brix (the measurement
system used in the United States). .
1.HONEY
A honey must have a Baumé reading of at least 42.49°Bé at 60°F. thus baume is used to
know about the quality and purity of honey produced

2.POOL WATER
Recipes for lowering the pH of pool water call for 20°Bé hydrochloric acid. Thus instead
of using normality and molarity,directly baume scale be used for indirect determination of
concentration of solution

3.BREWERS AND WINE

a)baume scale is also used by brewers for checking the density of sugar solutions before
fermentation. The Baumé measurement system helps winemakers forecast the finished
wine's potential alcohol content, with 1° roughly equal to 1 percent alcohol when the wine
is fully fermente;

b)A system used by the French and other Europeans to measure specific gravity which
indicates the sugar content of unfermented grape juice.

HYDROMETER.
An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of liquids. A hydrometer is a weight with
a vertical scale attached. When placed into a liquid, the hydrometer bobs upright, and
sinks to a certain level. The specific gravity or solution composition can be read from the
liquid level on the vertical scale. Hydrometers are often calibrated in degrees Baumé.

BAUME SOLUTION
those solution which are standarise by baume scale they are called baume solution
represent by oBe/.
A solution of approximately 6M sulfuric acid * used in the lead storage battery.

SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye or caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base.
An alkali, caustic soda is widely used in many industries, mostly as a strong chemical
base in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, and detergents

Q.2:Why sodium hydroxide used in air tight container?

ANS.Pure sodium hydroxide is a white solid, available in pellets, flakes, granules, and
also 50% saturated solution. It is deliquescent and also readily absorbs carbon dioxide
from the air, so it should be stored in an airtight container. It is very soluble in water
with liberation of heat. It also dissolves in ethanol and methanol, though it exhibits lower
solubility in these solvents than does potassium hydroxide. It is insoluble in ether and
other non-polar solvents. A sodium hydroxide solution will leave a yellow stain on fabric
and paper.
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ANALTICAL TECHNIQUES ASSIGNMENT
COURSE#509

USE IN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

In analytical chemistry, sodium hydroxide solutions are often used to measure
the concentration of acids by titration. Since NaOH is not a primary standard, solutions
must first be standardised by titration against a standard such as KHP. Burettes exposed
to NaOH should be rinsed out immediately after use to prevent "freezing" of the
stopcock.

REFERENCES
General Chemistry Online!
baume - definition by dict.die.net
answer.com(sodium hydroxide)
http://yarchive.net/chem/baume.html

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