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Physical Systems
MECHANICAL SYSTEM ELEMENTS
• The motion of mechanical elements can be
described in various dimensions as translational,
rotational, or a combination of both.
Translational
Linear Motion
Rotational
Rotational Motion
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Translational motion
• Translational motion takes place along a straight line
Translational Damper
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Mass
• The function of mass in linear motion is to
strore kinetic energy.
Newton’s law. F ( t)
M
=>
=>
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Linear spring
• A spring can store potential energy.
• In a system, there may be a spring where
some components such as elastic string, cable,
etc. may work as a spring.
• Strictly speaking, a spring is a non-linear
element.
Linear spring
• However, we can assume it to be linear for
small deformations.
• Let us assume a spring has negligible mass and
connected to a rigid support as shown in Fig.
A translational spring is a mechanical element that can be
deformed by an external force such that the deformation is
directly proportional to the force applied to it.
Translational Spring
Translational Spring
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Spring is an element, which stores potential energy.
Fα x =>
Where,
•F is the applied force
•Fk is the opposing force due to elasticity of spring
•K is spring constant
•x is displacement
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Dash Pot
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=>
=>
Where,
• Fb is the opposing force due to friction of dashpot
• B is the frictional coefficient
• v is velocity
• x is displacement
Elements of Rotational Mechanical Systems
These systems mainly consist of three basic elements.
Those are moment of inertia, torsional spring and dashpot.
Moment of Inertia
In translational mechanical system, mass stores kinetic
energy. Similarly, in rotational mechanical system, moment
of inertia stores kinetic energy.
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=>
=>
Where,
• T is the applied torque
• Tj is the opposing torque due to moment of inertia
• J is moment of inertia
• α is angular acceleration
• θ is angular displacement
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Torsional Spring
I n t r a n s l a t i o n a l m e c h a n i c a l s y s t e m , s p r i n g s t o r e s
potential energy. Similarly, in rotational mechanical system
torsional spring stores potential energy.
=>
Where,
=>
Where,
•Tb is the opposing torque due to the rotational friction of the
dashpot
• B is the rotational friction coefficient
• ω is the angular velocity
• θ is the angular displacement
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Example#1 on MTS
Consider the following system
M f X (s) 1
F M
2
F ( s) Ms Bs k
F fk fM fB
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Example#2 on MTS
Find the transfer function of the mechanicaltranslationalsystem
given in Figure.
Free Body Diagram
f k f B
f(t) f M
X (s) 1
f(t ) fk fM fB
2
F ( s) Ms Bs k
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