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Abbas Mirza
Abbas Mirza was a Qajar crown prince from Persia. He earned a reputation as a
military leader during the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813 and the Russo-Persian
War of 1826-1828, as well as during the Ottoman-Persian War of 1821-1823. In
addition, he is known as one of the first modernizers of the armed forces and
institutions of Persia, as well as for his death before his father, Fath Ali Shah.
Abbas was an intelligent prince, possessed some literary taste, and is notable for
the comparative simplicity of his life.
However, with Abbas Mirza as the military commander of the Persian forces, Iran
lost all of its territories in the Caucasus, including Transcaucasia and part of the
North Caucasus (Dagestan), to Russia in accordance with the Treaty of Gulistan in
1813 and the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828. following the wars of 1804-1813
and 1826-1828.
He tried to organize the Iranian army according to the European model with the
help of English and French instructors. He headed the department of domestic
and foreign policy of Iran.
The Russian and British embassies were located at his court in Tabriz. Tabriz fell
into decay to an insignificant town when Crown Prince Abbas Mirza was
appointed the ruler of Azerbaijan and made it his capital.
During his arrival in Azerbaijan, he strengthened and decorated the city walls,
founded a new Maidan and erected several new buildings. Indeed, before that
there was no suitable place for his residence, and all the nobles assigned to his
court were obliged to build houses for their accommodation. Abbas Mirza carried
out successful reforms. He inspired Afghanistan and the Bukhara Emirate, which
carried out the same reforms.
Most of his reforms were based on the military sphere.
New armies were created. The troops were recruited from the Kyzylbash, who
formed the core of the army. Abbas tried to improve the attitude of the soldiers
towards the new army through awards - higher salaries for rank and position, land
awards, and gold and silver medals. He placed himself under the command of his
foreign officers when he took part in infantry and artillery exercises and
acknowledged the full authority of these officers in disciplining troops.
Abbas-Mirza deftly directed the kyzylbash against enemies, and his military
successes gave him great prestige. With his new army, he defeated the Uzbeks in
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the east, re-establishing the old border on the Amu Darya and the Ottomans in
the west. He took Baghdad twice. In order to consolidate his victories, he
resettled to Khorasan a large number of kyzylbashs from among the Qajars and
Afshars to serve as defenders of the new borders.