• Five Component Model originally developed by Dr.

David Kroenke
• Basic Components of Computing:
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Procedure
• People

DTU/EMBA-303/Aug-2020/Satish Kumar Dubey

• The five-component framework can help guide your learning and
thinking about IS both now and in the future.

• This concept consists of:

• Actors
• Instructions
• Bridge

• Automation occurs when a business process is moved to a computer to

perform the business process

DTU/EMBA-303/Aug-2020/Satish Kumar Dubey

DTU/EMBA-303/Aug-2020/Satish Kumar Dubey
• Critical Success Factors (CSF)
• The most essential factors that must go right or be closely
tracked in order to ensure an organization’s survival and
success.
• There are 3 to 6 key factors that, if done well, will result in
the organization’s success. The reverse is also true. The
failure of these factors will result in some degree of failure.
• Organizations continuously measure performance in these
areas, taking corrective action whenever necessary.
• CSFs also exist in business units, departments, and other
organizational units.
DTU/EMBA-303/Aug-2020/Satish Kumar Dubey
• IT Planner identifies CSFs by interviewing managers:
• What objectives are central to your organization?
• What are the critical factors that are essential to
meeting these objectives?
• What decisions or actions are key to these critical
factors?
• What variables underlie these decisions, and how are
they measured?
• What information systems can supply these
measures?
DTU/EMBA-303/Aug-2020/Satish Kumar Dubey
• The first step following the interviews is to determine the
organizational objectives for which the manager is responsible,
and then the factors that are critical to attaining these objectives.
The second step is to select a small number of CSFs. Then,
determine the information requirements for those CSFs and
measure to see whether the CSFs are met. If they are not met, it is
necessary to build appropriate applications.

• The CSF approach encourages managers to identify what is most

important to their performance and then develop good indicators
of performance in these areas.
DTU/EMBA-303/Aug-2020/Satish Kumar Dubey
DTU/EMBA-303/Aug-2020/Satish Kumar Dubey
• IT Planner identifies CSFs by interviewing managers:
• What objectives are central to your organization?
• What are the critical factors that are essential to
meeting these objectives?
• What decisions or actions are key to these critical
factors?
• What variables underlie these decisions, and how are
they measured?
• What information systems can supply these
measures?
DTU/EMBA-303/Aug-2020/Satish Kumar Dubey
KPIs are performance measurements. These indicators define and measure progress toward
organizational goals—and deviations from those goals. KPIs should tell a very rich story by
presenting data to managers in easy-to-understand formats and comparison-ready.

Examples of key comparisons are actual vs. budget, actual vs. forecasted, and this year vs.
prior years.

KPIs help reduce the complex nature of organizational performance to a small number of
understandable measures from specific perspectives, including:
• Financial perspectives
• Customer perspectives
• Sales and marketing perspectives
• Operational perspectives and supply chain perspectives
• Employee perspective
• Corporate social responsibility
• Environmental and carbon footprint DTU/EMBA-303/Aug-2020/Satish Kumar Dubey