Annotated Bibliography

Alden, Dana L., Wayne D. Hoyer, and Chol Lee. "Identifying Global and Culture-
Specific Dimensions of Humor in Advertising: A Multinational Analysis." Thesis.
Chicago, IL, n.d. Journal of Marketing 57 (1993): 64-75. Web.

The thesis is an analysis of humor in advertising through different cultural

perspectives. The researchers aim (1) to identify a uniform structure of a form of humor
(based on Raskin’s humor theory) in advertisements of four nations with distinct cultures,
(2) point out the differences and effects individually and collectively per culture, and (3)
compare other structural forms of humor. They conclude that all four cultures utilize an
incongruent cognitive structure in humorous ads, but formulated differently because of
cultural biases. This research is relevant for it discusses how humor in media, especially
in advertisements, affects a psychological construct of a person.

Ancheta, Maria Rhodora G. "“Pig’s Nest” in an Even Bigger Pen: Pugad Baboy as a Case
of Subversion and Renegotiation in Philippine Comedy." Thesis. University of the
Philippines Diliman, 2000. University of the Philippines Diliman Journals Online
Vol. 1.No. 2 (2000): 56-86. UPDJO. UP Diliman, June 2000. Web. 29 Sept.
2014.

This thesis explores Pol Medina, Jr.’s contemporary comic strip Pugad
Baboy as a case of subversion and renegotation in Philippine comedy. It explores the
change of Philippine comedy and how most accepted it, rather than denied it. The reading
examines abnormality, incongruity, inversions, and hyperreality as manifestations of
current Philippine comedy, which now moves towards a depiction of comic
postmodernity. This text is relevant for it accounts a change in Filipino humor.

Ancheta, Maria Rhodora G. "The “King” of Philippine Comedy: Some Notes on Dolphy
and the Functions of Philippine Cinematic Humor as Discourse." Thesis.
University of the Philippines Diliman, 2006. University of the Philippines
Diliman Journals Online Vol. 3.No. 2 (2006): 74-117. UPDJO. UP Diliman, July
2006. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

This thesis valuates Dolphy’s role as a comic artist and his function in the
creation of Philippine film comedy. It seeks to explain the popularity of his brand of
humor and how the Philippines reacted to it. It also explores his comic image,
superimposed in the media hype that surrounds Dolphy’s life and the effect of
controversies on his comedy. This text is relevant for it analyses a brand of Filipino
humor that became popular.
Catalina, Clarissa. "The Ryzza Mae Show, the Audience and the Philippine TV." It’s
Watchamacallit. Blogspot, 6 Sept. 2013. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

The article discusses an incident on the Ryzza Mae Show, when an

audience member gave dirty jokes and was reprimanded by Ryzza herself. She explains
further that certain types of humor are inappropriate in certain situations, such as this, and
it is partly the audience’s responsibility to oversee that The Ryzza Mae Show remains
child-friendly and common courtesy is observed. This article is relevant for it imparts that
there is interaction between the television show and the audience, and it is both their
responsibilities to maintain civility.

Hofstede, Gert Jan. "Humour across Cultures: An Appetizer." Thesis. Wageningen

University, n.d. Humour across Cultures: An Appetizer. Dialogin.com, 30 Sept.
2005. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

Hofstede’s conceptual paper examines humor as a basic human drive. It

studies the effect of the universal social activity in different dimensions (collectivism vs
individualism, male vs female, hierarchies vs democracies). He concludes that jokes are
charged with cultural significance and that humor is affected by the culture and identity
of the joke teller and listener. This could be used to indicate the effect of humor on
several levels.

Landicho, Loi Reyes. "About the Heckler." The Professional Heckler. Wordpress, n.d.
Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

The whole website “professionalheckler.wordpress.com” shows one

feature of Filipino humor: political jests. The author, who updates regularly, posts
satirical articles about the political atmosphere of the Philippines at any given moment.
The site is relevant for it provides examples of an important aspect of Filipino humor.

Lester. "Commentary: Why Ryzza Mae Dizon Has Legitimate Talent And How Her
“Bossings” Are Wasting It." Dryedmangoez, 6 Jan. 2014. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

This article informally discusses Ryzza Mae’s potential as a star and the
huge amount of work she takes, which can be fatal for her health and career. The author
expresses his opinion on Ryzza Mae and how media corporations should treat children.
This article is relevant for it brings up several points that contribute to Ryzza Mae
Dizon’s image.

Lugtu, Reynaldo. "Workplace Humor." Business Mirror [Makati] 2 Feb. 2012, Free
Enterprise sec.: 5. Print.

Lugtu’s column tells his audience about humor’s significance in the

workplace and its positive effects on relationship between employees, no matter the
position. He first characterizes the attributes of Filipino humor, especially the “mababaw
na kaligayahan” concept. He instructs the reader to use this to his advantage, to evoke
laughter by telling jokes for better working atmospheres. He concludes that humor
reduces tension and status differentials, creates cohesion and promotes creativity and
cooperation. This paper is relevant for it introduces the basic social benefits of humor in
power relationships.
Mckenzie, Duncan Alexander. Unlucky Country: The Republic of the Philippines in the
21st Century. S.l.: Balboa Pr, 2012. Print.

The book is generally about the Philippines—its culture, economic state,

political circumstances, etc.—and studies its situation and the causes and effects, and
compares it to other countries. The former part is observation of the Philippines, and the
latter proposes solutions to the problems of the nation. This book is relevant for it briefly
touches on modern humor as a manifestation of post-colonial mentality.

McGraw, Peter, and Joel Warner. The Humor Code: A Global Search for What Makes
Things Funny. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2014. Print.

This book illustrates the core reason of the existence of humor and shows
several types of humor and explanations why they are funny. It looks into the common
types of jokes in different countries or areas and experimented with how reactions differ.
This book is relevant for it explores the reason for humor.

Mulder, Niels. Inside Philippine Society: Interpretations of Everyday Life. Quezon City:
New Day, 1997. Print.
Mulder’s book provides his audience a foreign anthropologist’s
perspective on Filipino culture and his interpretation of it. His essays discuss the culture
of the Philippines as a manifestation of nearly 400 years of foreign occupation, its
similarities and differences from Southeast Asian countries, and solutions to repair
negative features of Filipino culture. It serves as a realistic, albeit wholly negative,
outlook on Filipino identity.
Nadal, Kevin L. Filipino American Psychology: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and
Clinical Practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2011. Print.
Nadal’s book gives a history, account and analysis of Filipino-American
(Fil-Am) psychology, and Filipino psychology, which has deeply embedded American
traits. It expounds the thirty-year stay of the Americans in the Philippines, what they
brought, and the results of this stay in Philippine culture. This book is relevant for a small
portion of it is dedicated to explaining the Filipino humor and the American qualities in
it.
Raskin, Victor. Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub., 1985. Print.
Raskin’s book gives a comprehensive general theory of verbal humor
(GTVH). It identifies a semantic model capable of expressing incongruities between
“scripts” in humor, which is crucial to the theory of laughter. This book is relevant
because it applies modern linguistic theory to the study of humor and proposes a theory
for verbal humor.
Romero, Gracious. "Why the Filipinos Laugh." Research Features. UP Research Lines,
22 Oct. 2010. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.
 The article advertises the Dr. Maria Rhodora Ancheta’s research, which
will describe Filipino humor and will try to theorise it, as opposed to simply documenting
instances of it. The article discusses humor as a defining national trait, its uses in
everyday life, and morals that differentiate it from humor of other nation-states. This is
relevant because it will paint an accurate portrait of Filipino humor.

Sutton-Smith, Brian. ": Humor and Laughter: An Anthropological Approach. Mahadev L.

Apte." American Anthropologist 88.3 (1986): 765-66. Print.

Sutton-Smith’s article interprets humor anthropologically, as a basic

human and social function. It examines joking relationships, children’s and ethnic humor,
social aspects of laugher, and humor and religion, language and folklore. His article
advertises his book, which looks at power imbalance, inequality and dominance in
humor. This book is relevant for it gives a striking analysis of humor as holistic part of
human society.

"My Mother's Crazy About Ryzza Mae Dizon." Schizolandia. Blogspot, 18 June 2013.
Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

The entry of the author supplies her audience with a teenager’s perspective
on Ryzza Mae Dizon. She explains that Ryzza’s appeal is due to (1) her image a
departure from the norm (from the white and skinny female child actors), (2) her rags-to-
riches story, a recurrent trope in Philippine television, and (3) the peculiarity of a witty
young child. In the end, she implies that Ryzza’s popularity is temporary and will fade.
Her text can be used to inspire an in-depth analysis of Ryzza Mae’s quickly escalating
fame.

"The Power of Laughter." Sense of Being Filipino. Living in the Philippines, 2012. Web.
29 Sept. 2014.
The article shows a positive interpretation of Philippine humor. The author
defends Filipinos by saying that joking about situations does not trivialize it. He points
out traits and misconceptions attached to Filipino humor, and provides another
perspective opposite of the common analysis. Humor, instead of displaying traits of
inferiority and colonial mentality, is a unifying factor, according to the author. This text
is relevant for it could be used as a basis for further research on the positive side of
Filipino humor.