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Cell References and Types of Cell References: Cell Address or Cell Reference

This document discusses different types of cell references in Excel formulas including relative, absolute, and mixed references. It provides examples of how each type of reference behaves when a formula is copied or filled to other cells. Relative references change when copied, absolute references remain constant, and mixed references keep either the row or column constant. The document demonstrates examples of each type of reference and how they can be used in formulas.

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swapnil sardar
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3K views3 pages

Cell References and Types of Cell References: Cell Address or Cell Reference

This document discusses different types of cell references in Excel formulas including relative, absolute, and mixed references. It provides examples of how each type of reference behaves when a formula is copied or filled to other cells. Relative references change when copied, absolute references remain constant, and mixed references keep either the row or column constant. The document demonstrates examples of each type of reference and how they can be used in formulas.

Uploaded by

swapnil sardar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Cell References Overview: Introduces the concept of cell references and how they identify specific locations in a spreadsheet.
  • Types of Cell References: Describes different types of cell references such as relative, absolute, and mixed and their uses in formulas.
  • Formula Application Examples: Illustrates practical applications of cell references in formulas to automate calculations across spreadsheet data.
  • Important Notice and Email Contact: Provides important submission deadlines for assignments and includes a contact email for further communication.

CELL REFERENCES AND TYPES OF CELL REFERENCES

Cell Address or Cell Reference


A cell reference or cell address is a combination of a column letter and a row number that identifies a cell on a
worksheet.
For example, A1 refers to the cell at the intersection of column A and row 1; B2 refers to the second cell in
column B, and so on.

When used in a formula, cell references help Excel find the values the formula should calculate.
For instance, to pull the value of A1 to another cell, you use this simple formula: =A1.
To add up the values in cells A1 and A2, you use this one: =A1+A2

Types of Cell References


There are three types of cell references: relative ,absolute, mixed. Relative and absolute references behave
differently when copied and filled to other cells. Relative references change when a formula is copied to another
cell. Absolute references, on the other hand, remain constant, no matter where they are copied.

Relative references
By default, all cell references are relative references. When copied across multiple cells, they change based on
the relative position of rows and columns. For example, if you copy the formula =A1+B1 from row 1 to row 2, the
formula will become =A2+B2. Relative references are especially convenient whenever you need to repeat the
same calculation across multiple rows or columns.

Absolute references
There may be times when you do not want a cell reference to change when filling cells. Unlike relative
references, absolute references do not change when copied or filled. You can use an absolute reference to keep a
row and/or column constant.
An absolute reference is designated in a formula by the addition of a dollar sign ($) before the column and row. If
it precedes the column or row (but not both), it's known as a mixed reference.

Cell Reference Types

Reference Type Formula What Happens After Copying the Formula

Relative =A1 Both the column letter A and the row number 1 can change.

Absolute =$A$1 The column letter A and the row number 1 do not change.

Mixed =$A1 The column letter A does not change. The row number 1 can
change.

Mixed =A$1 The column letter A can change. The row number 1 does not
change.

Relative Reference
By default, Excel uses relative references. See the formula in cell D2 below. Cell D2 references (points to) cell B2
and cell C2. Both references are relative.
1. Select cell D2, click on the lower right corner of cell D2 and drag it down to cell D5.

Cell D3 references cell B3 and cell C3. Cell D4 references cell B4 and cell C4. Cell D5 references cell B5 and cell C5.
In other words: each cell references its two neighbours on the left.
Absolute Reference
See the formula in cell E3 below.
1. To create an absolute reference to cell H3, place a $ symbol in front of the column letter and row number
($H$3) in the formula of cell E3.

2. Now we can quickly drag this formula to the other cells.

The reference to cell H3 is fixed (when we drag the formula down and across). As a result, the correct lengths and
widths in inches are calculated.

Mixed Reference

A mixed reference is a reference that is fixed only on part of the reference:


either the row
or the column
An absolute reference has two $. There is one for the rows and one for the columns.
But which dollar does what?
In fact it's very simple, just look the position of the $
If the $ is on the left of the letter it means you lock the column
If the $ is on the left of the row number it means you lock the row

Multiplication table
To illustrate the use of a mixed reference, we will construct a multiplication table.
The idea here is to create a single formula and copy it for the rest of the document. This will save us writing the
99 other formulas

We want to stay always on the headers of our table so we will write the formula as follows
=$B4*C$3
Start by copying cell C4 (Ctrl + C)
Then select all other cells
Finally, paste the formula (Ctrl + V)
The multiplication table is now correct for every single cell.
We have created only one formula and copied it for the 99 other cells.

Important Notice

Please mail the excel documents of your practical assignments (Assignment 7-8- 9) ,Assignment 9B and the
Summer Project (PDF document/PPT) to the mail id given below by 22nd July.

In one single e-mail attach the Assignments and the Summer Project.

In the Subject line of your e-mail write your class-section, name like this:

7A Bugs Bunny

CSD.DBPC72020@gmail.com

CELL REFERENCES AND TYPES OF CELL REFERENCES Cell Address or Cell Reference A cell reference or cell address is a combi
1. Select cell D2, click on the lower right corner of cell D2 and drag (https://www.excel-easy.com/introduction/range.html
either the row or the column An absolute reference has two $. There is one for the rows and one for the columns. But which

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