Comp&s d .StrufrvresVol. 43, No. 2. pp.

X1-363, 1992 0045-7949192

s%ao+ 0.00
Printed in Great Britain. Q 1~2~on~L~

COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE STIFFNESS

MATRIX OF LAMINATED PLATES USING
THE HYBRID-STRESS FINITE ELEMENT

K. M. RAo and Y. U. MAHHWARA RAO

Mechanical Engineering Department, UT., Kharagpur-721302, India

(Received 28 Jmuary 1991)

Abstract-A computer program for the hybrid-stress finite element method is given. The program has the
capability of taking an arbitrary number of layers. The results of a simply supported square laminated
plate under sinusoidal loading evaluated by the present software are compared with the three-dimensional
elasticity solutions. The results show the close agreement. The formulation and software are useful for
analysing special problems like thick laminat~~~nd~ch plates with inclusions and cutouts.

NOTATION strain vector of ith layer =]s,V,e~,t:,

length of the sandwich plate
boundary of the ith layer in element n
width of the sandwich plate
strain matrix of ith layer
Boolean matrices corresponding to displace-
ments and stresses, respectively, in ith layer
elastic moduli, eqns (17)
layer [eqn (8b)] and element [eqn (13b)]
matrices
shear moduli, eqn (17)
layer eqn @a) and element eqn (13a) matrices
thickness of sandwich
(i = 1,2,3, . . . , I + I) heights of layer bound-
aries measured from xy-plane
number of layers
determinant of the Jacobian of coordinate
transformation
stiffness matrix eqn (IS)
longitudinal direction of fibre
number of elements
layer matrix depending on N, and normalized
coordinate [
shape function of jth node
boundary load vector
transverse force intensity
amplitude of uniformly dist~but~ load
6 x 40 polynomial matrix eqn (2)
layer and element nodal displacement vectors,
respectively
layer and element nodal force vectors, respect-
ively
compliance matrix of ith layer
width to thickness ratio (= b/h)
half the thickness of ith layer
transverse direction of fibre
normalized displacement components, eqn (18)
displacement components of ith layer
values of a’, uj,w at jth node
displacement vector of ith layer
volume of ith layer in element n
normafixed value of I (=22/h)
global coordinate axes
in-plane Blobal coordinates of jth node
element and layer stress parameter vector, re-
spectively
(i=1,2,3 ,..., I) components of fi eqn (11)
es* c.WGUI
normalized coordinates
Poisson’s ratios [eqn (17)]
hybrid-stress functional
stress vector of ith layer = [o,~,u,., uz,
ryx9Gx9?J
normalized stress components [eqn (18)]
fibre orientation angle measured from x-axis
Laminated plates are finding an increasing use in ship
building, chemical vessels, automobile and consumer
goods, etc. The wide use of laminated plates demands
more genera1 and rational analysis. The heterogeneity
and anisotropy of the laminates make the classical
solution tools fail, and hence one has to resort to
numerical methods. The more generalized numerical
tool, the finite element method, developed in the field
of solid mechanics is widely accepted in this age of
high-speed computers. Many general finite element
packages have been developed by the specialist to be
used by practitioner engineers. These packages are
updated, to cope with the development of new the-
ories and efficient elements. In this paper the authors
present a computer program to evaluate the theories
and efficient elements. In this paper the authors
present a computer program to evaluate the stiffness
matrix of a hybrid-stress finite element for better
modelling of laminate behaviour.
Recently it has been demonstrated [l-3] that hy-
brid finite elements give better results in comparison
to displacement-based counterparts for the analysis
of plates. Hybrid-stress finite elements have been
proposed for the analysis based on a modified com-
plimentary energy principle; the intra-element equili-
brating stresses and displacements being compatible
over the entire element volume or on element bound-
ary only are interpolated independently. Spilker [ 1,2]

351
352 K. M. RAOand Y. U. MAHBWARA
RAO

presented an eight-noded hybrid stress element for

the analysis of plates; 67 stress parameter fields are
considered for equilibrating the state of stress. In-
plane displacements are assumed layer-wise linear
variation and deflection constant. Interlayer traction
continuity and laminate upper/lower surface traction
free conditions are maintained exactly. Rao and z-h,
Mayer-Piening [3] selected the above formulation and z=h,
analysed thick and thin sandwich plates. z-h,
A computer program for the displacement-based Fig. 1. Geometry and displacement degrees of freedom.
finite element analysis of plates is well documented in
[4]. A program for the analysis of homogeneous
plates using hybrid curvilinear triangular finite The displacement model chosen is
element based on Kirchhoff’s theory was presented
by Morley [7]. Chieslar and Ghali [8] presented the
~‘(5, ~9 i) = t Nj(5, ~)If(l - 0~; + t(l + i)ul+ ‘I
hybrid element formulation of the modified Hu- ,=I

Washizu, Hellinger-Reissner and complimentary

energy principles. They developed the subroutines for
evaluating the stiffness matrix. u’(5>~>5)= ; N,(5,r?)[iU-ib:+f(l +ih;+'l
,=I
In the present paper, the subroutines in
FORTRAN for the evaluation of the stiffness matrix
of an eight-noded quadrilateral quadratic isopara- 45, v) = i NjK vh,. (4)
,=I
metric element based on the Spilker [2] formulation
are presented. The accuracy of the program meant for
The element nodal degrees of freedom vector of the
three-layered plates is tested in [3] by one of the
laminate is
authors. The program is modified to accommodate
an arbitrary number of layers greater than two. In the
q = [uf, u:, u:, u;, , u:, vi, v:, v:, ,
case of homogeneous plates, the thickness must be r

divided into two layers of the same material proper-

ties. As the in-plate displacements are assumed linear 0’,,w,,u: ,..., W?. . . . . u;,u;,u; ,...,
across each layer, it is advisable to divide the plate
into three or more layers to account for warping in u~,v;,~;> vi,. ) vi, iv*]. (5)
the case of thick homogeneous plates.
The layer displacement vector U’ defined by
FORMULATION
U’ = [u’, u’, w]’
The detailed formulation for the hybid-stress finite
element method is available in [l, 31, and the stress
is cast in matrix form
filed chosen is given explicitly in [2]. The geometry
and displacement degrees of freedom are shown in
Fig. 1. The salient equations which are needed to U’ = N’q’. (6)
understand the subroutines are given below. For an
explanation of the symbols the reader is advised to The strain vector 6i can be related to qi by
refer the notation provided.
The variational function, l7 is t, = B’q’ (7)

a,*S,a, dtl Substitution of eqns (2), (6) and (7) into (1) along
with the definitions

The equilibrating stress vector bi of [2] is written in

H’= t,
sss
I

-I
I

-1 -I
1

P:S,P,IJI dl dq di (8a)

matrix form as G’= ti P’B’lJl dt drj dc (8b)

ei =Pitx9 Y, z)B'3 (2)

Qi= N”PIJI d< drj (8c)

c is the transverse normalized coordinate related to z
by
Z=i[(hj+hi+,)+i(hi+,-hi)]. (3) we get
I l7 in terms of H’, G’ and Q’.
 Stiffness matrix of laminated plates 353

The relations between the stress parameters for

satisfying the interlayer traction continuity con-
ditions are
Q=
ss
’ ’ ,...,
-1 -I
[O,O

N,P,
O,N,p,O,O

. . . ,
,...,
O,O,Ns~l~lJld5 drt (16)
/?j=%flj;b for i=2,3,... ,I; j=1,2 ,..., 10 with ‘2(1+ 1) + 1’ components at each node.
, The matrices H’, G’, Qi of eqn (8) are numerically
Pa) integrated using 4 x 4 x 4 gauss quadrature rule, and
then Hi is assembled into a one-dimensional array
2 using the sky-line transformation method, and G’ is
fl{, =+/I$’ for i =2,3,.. .,I. (9b) positioned in the G matrix. LDL’ decomposition
,
method is used to evaluate H-‘, and then H-lG is
Imposing traction-free boundary conditions results obtained.
in
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
/?,!=O forj=1,2,...,11 (lOa)
The computer program developed for the evalu-
/I:=0 fori=57,58,...,66 ation of stiffness matrix has the capability of taking
(lob)
an arbitrary number of layers with the limitation that
the minimum number of layers must equal two. The
The independent laminate stress parameter vector /3
subroutine STIFM is used in conjunction with frontal
is
solution technique to analyse a simply supported
cross-ply symmetric laminate with 3,5,7 and 9 layers.
The results are compared with those of elasticity
solution of [5]. While the number of layers is varied,
I%,I%, . . ~,B:5,/%,8:71’. (11) the thickness of the laminate is kept constant. The top
and bottom layers have 0” fibre orientation. The total
The layer displacement vector q’ and stress par- thickness of 0” and 90” layers are equal. The layers of
ameter vector /Ii can be related to corresponding the same fibre orientation have equal thickness. The
element vectors q and fl by layer material properties referred to longitudinal (L)
and transverse (T) direction of fibres are taken as

EL = 25 x lo6 psi (0.175 x lo6 N/mm’)

pi = cg. (12b)
E, = lo6 psi (0.7 x lo4 N/mm2)
Substituting eqns (12) and (8) into (1) and
defining GLT= 0.5 x lo6 psi (0.35 x 10”N/mm2)

H = f: Cf’H’C: G, = 0.2 x lo6 psi (0.14 x lo4 N/mm2)

UW
i=l

pLr = pn = 0.25, (17)

(13b)
where E, G and p are elastic modulus, shear modulus
and Poisson’s ratio, respectively.
Q&Q
i=l
(13c)
The results presented in this paper are normalized
quantities (a, w, T) as per the following

the resulting n will be in terms of H, G and Q. 1 1 lOOE,

ci Z----Q, s=-r, )51=--w,
Extremizing II with respect to fl gives Pd2 PoS PdS4

/!3= H-‘Gq. (14) b 2z 2Y

s’s;, f=-i; and jjzb.
Eliminating 8, using eqn (14) in l7 and extremizing
with respect to q one gets The stresses and deflections of the laminates evalu-
ated by elasticity solution [5] and by the hybrid finite
K = GTH-‘G, (15) element are listed in Tables 14 for comparison. In
the table EL stands for elasticity solution and HFE
where K is the stiffness matrix. for hybrid finite element solution. The central deflec-
In the present case, the element load vector Q takes tions (w) estimated by both solutions are close. In
the form case of thick laminates (say s =4) the stress (a,) in
354 K. M. RAO andY. U. MAHE~WARA
RAO

Table 1. Three-layered plate (O/90/0)

0.V 7r,
S (a/2, aI2 * l/2) (n/2, (22 + l/4) (0, dii, 0) (a ;?a, 0) (0, 0, F 112) (ai2,ZjZ. 0)
....___~~
EL 0.720 0.663 0.219 - 0.292 -0.0467 1.9367
4 -0.684 -0.666 0.0458
HFE 0.572 0.5944 0.2485 0.3029 -0.0449 1.866
-0.655 -0.5944 0.04575
EL kO.559 0.401 0.301 0.196 -0.0275
IO -0.403 0.0276 0.737
HFE 0.5385 0.3898 0.3313 0.2199 -0.0277 0.7317
-0.5582 -0.3896 0.0278
EL kO.543 0.308 0.328 0.156 kO.0230 0.51275
20 -0.309
HFE kO.5415 0.3006 0.365 0.187 TO.0233 0.50996
0.3008
EL kO.539 0.308 0.337 0.141 TO.0216 0.4446
50 -0.309
HFE kO.534 0.2633 0.396 0.194 TO.0215 0.44121
-0.2634
EL io.539 kO.271 0.339 0.139 TO.0214 0.4347
100
HFE kO.531 -0.255 0.408 0.206 TO.0213 0.43085

the top surface estimated by HFE deviates from that
by EL. The in-plane stresses for other situations are
estimated with sufficient accuracy. The hybrid finite
element solution gives transverse shear stresses (T,:
and a) comparable with those of elasticity solution
in case of thick laminates. But the two solutions
deviate as the laminate becomes thin (s > 50).
The performance of the program shows that
the practical problems of complex nature can
be analysed for engineering purposes. The draw-
back of this hybrid element is that the computational
cost increases as the number of layers increases
because of the fact that the degrees of freedom of an
element become large. However the subroutine pre-
sented can be advantageously adopted in standard
finite element packages as a special purpose tool to
analyse laminates with cutouts, stiffeners, inclusions,
etc., which otherwise are not solvable by simple
elements.
Brief description of subroutines not listed
The subroutine STIFM needs the values of
shape functions and their derivatives with respect to
natural and Cartesian coordinates, and the determi-
nant of the Jacobian. For the evaluation of these
quantities, one can write oneself separate subroutines
or the routines SFR2 and JACOB2 listed in (41 can
be adopted. The subroutine POLYNM (X, Y, XI, TI)
to evaluate the array P1(6,67) can be written by the
users.

Table 2. Five-layeres plate (O/90/0/90/0)

5 f.._ 5,)
S a;, + l/2)
(a/2, (alZaP,+ l/3) (O,~ii,O) (a/LO, 0) (0, 0, Ii l/2) Ca,2.:,2.0)
EL 0.685 0.663 0.238 0.229 -0.0394 1.8505
4 -0.651 -0.626 0.0384
HFE 0.526 0.568 0.2514 0.258 TO.0376 1.7764
-0.662 -0.586
EL kO.545 0.430 0.258 0.223 -0.0246
10 -0.432 0.0247 0.677
HFE 0.5307 0.4158 0.283 0.250 -0.0248 0.672
-0.555 -0.424 0.0249
EL kO.539 kO.380 0.268 0.212 TO.0222 0.49378
20
HFE 0.5365 0.372 0.299 0.244 TO.0224 0.491
-0.5397 -0.373
EL kO.539 kO.363 0.271 0.206 TO.0214 0.44117
50
HFE 0.5326 kO.350 0.327 0.2617 TO.0215 0.43775
-0.533
EL kO.539 kO.360 0.272 0.205 TO.0213 0.43383
100
HFE kO.530 -0.344 0.343 0.274 TO.0213 0.42978
 Stiffness matrix of laminated plates 355

Table 3. Seven-layered plate (O/90/0/90/0/90/0)

79 r,Y
S (a/2,(IY? f l/2) (42, al”;, *3/g) (0, a”;, 0) (a/2,0,0) (0,0, f 112) (a,2,uo)/2,0)
EL 0.679 0.623 0.219 0.236 -0.0356 1.7907
4 -0.645 -0.610 0.0347
HFE 0.501 0.5513 0.239 0.248 -0.03373 1.7169
-0.6805 -0.5998 0.03613
EL kO.548 0.457 0.255 0.219 -0.0237 0.65938
IO -0.458 0.0238
HFE 0.5344 0.4431 0.279 0.242 -0.024 0.65457
-0.5602 -0.4567 0.02416
EL kO.539 0.419 0.267 0.210 TO.0219 0.4886
20 -0.420
HFE 0.538 0.412 0.300 0.241 r 0.02228 0.4862
-0.541 -0.415 0.02225
EL kO.539 f 0.407 0.271 0.206 TO.0214 0.4403
50
HFE kO.533 kO.394 0.331 0.2625 -0.02152 0.437 1
0.02151
EL kO.539 ~0.405 0.272 0.205 TO.0213 0.4334
100
HFE *0.5303 f0.387 0.349 0.277 TO.0213 0.4297

SFRZ: The subroutine documented in [4] which Important segments in STZFiU

calculates the values of the shape functions and their
derivatives (a) Initialization of G and A matrices and extracting
JACOBZ: This subroutine documented in [4] cal- ELCOD.
culates the Cartesian derivatives (CARTD) of shape (b) Initialization of GZ and HZ inside the loop over
functions and the determinant (DJACB) of the Jaco- the layers.
bian matrix. (c) Evaluation of HZ and GZmatrices as per eqns @a)
POLYNM: The function of the subroutine is to and (8b).
evaluate the PZ(6,67) matrix; the elements of PI are (c,) Evaluation of Cartesian coordinates of
the coefficients of /Ii in ei listed in [2]. gauss points and DVOLU.

Table 4. Nine-layered plate (0/90/0/90/0/90/0/90/0)

a.x 7x* 7YZ 7,).
S (42, a/2, + l/2) (a/2, aa + 2/5) 12.0, 0) (al2,:,2,0)
- (0. a/Z 0) (a (O,O, l/2)

EL 0.684 0.628 0.223 0.223 -0.0337 1.75906

4 -0.649 -0.612 0.0328
HFE 0.4886 0.538 0.236 0.242 -0.03172
-0.701 -0.620 0.0346 1.6845

EL +0.551 -0.447 0.247 0.226 -0.0233 0.652

10 0.0235
HFE 0.5388 0.4629 0.270 0.249 -0.023731 0.6472
-0.5652 - 0.4797 0.023857
EL f0.541 +0.444 0.255 0.221 +0.0218 0.4869
20
HFE 0.5399 0.4380 0.287 0.253 - 0.0222 0.48417
-0.5433 -0.4403 0.02219
EL +0.539 +0.433 0.258 0.219 +0.0214 0.4403
50
HFE -0.5388 -0.4198 0.3187 0.2773 0.02153 0.43672
-0.534 -0.4199 -0.021523
EL +0.539 +0.431 0.259 0.219 +0.0213 0.4334
100
HFE f0.5306 +0.4131 0.337 0.2936 0.02132 0.42953
-0.02132
356 K. M. RAO and Y. U. MAHESWARA RAO

(d) Assembly of HI into A and GI into G according space; the latter portion which is modified is listed in
to eqns (13a) and (13b). the program given in the Appendix.
(d,) Assembly of HI of bottom layer into A.
(d,) Scaling of HI and GI matrices as per REFERENCES
eqns (9).
(d,) Assembly of middle layers HI into A. 1. R. L. Spilker, Hybrid-stress eight-node element for thin
and thick multilayer laminated plates. Inr. J. Numer.
(d4) Assembling top layer HI into A.
Meth. Engng 18, 801-828 (1982).
(d,) Evaluating column pointers for assem- 2. R. L. Spilker, An invariant eight-node hybrid-stress
bling GI into G. element for thin and thick multilayer laminated plates.
(d6) Assembling bottom layer GI into G. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2, 573-587 (1984).
(d,) Assembling middle layers GZ into G. 3. M. Rao and H.-R. Meyer-Piening, Analysis of sandwich
plates using hybrid-stress finite element. AIAA Jnl, to be
(d,) Assembling top layer GI into G. published.
(e) Calculation of the product H- ‘G. 4. E. Hinton and D. R. J. Owen, Finite Elementprogram-
(f) Evaluation of stiffness matrix SK given by eqn ming, pp. 98-107. Academic Press, London (1977).
5. N. J. Pagan0 and S. J. Hatfield, Elastic behavior of
(15).
bidirectional composites. AIAA Jnl 10, 931-933 (1972).
Description of subroutine COLSOL 6. K. J. Bathe, Finite Element Procedures in Engineering
Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1982).
The subroutine COLSOL given in [6] is modified to 7. L. S. D. Morley, An assumed stress hybrid curvilinear
account for the multiple vectors on the right-side of triangular finite element for plate bending, Int. J.
Numer. Meth. Engng 20, 529-548 (1984).
simultaneous equations, i.e. G(NBTVA, NEVAB). 8. J. D. Chieslar and A. Ghali, Computation of hybrid
The first portion of the COLSOL of [6] which is element matrices by elimination techniques. Inr. J.
unaltered is not listed here for the economy of the Numer. Meth. Engng 26, 423435 (1986).

APPENDIX: COMPUTER PROGRAM

C
C * VARIABLES IN COTltlON BLOCKS :
C *
C * NDINE = SPATIAL DITIENSIONS
C I NDDFN = NO. OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM PER NODE
C I
NELEIl = TOTAL NUREER OF ELEtlENTS
C *
NGAUS = ORDER OF GAUSSIAN QUADRATURE RULE
C * NLYRS = NO. OF LAYERS
C L NNODE = ND. OF NODES PER ELERENT
C * NPOIN = ND. OF NODAL POINTS
C * NETVA = NO. OF INDEPENDENT BETA VARIABLES (=56’1-10)
C t
NEVAB = NO. OF ELEMENT VARIABLES (= NNODE * NDOFN)
C 1

C *
ARRAYS IN COtH’lDN BLOCKS :
C f f
C * BtlATX(6,40) : LAYER STRAIN HATRIX OF EQ.(7) EVALUTED 8Y *
C * SUBOUTINE BHATP f
C * CARTD(NDIHE,NNDDE) = CARTESIAN DERIVATIVES OF SHAPE FUNCTIONS I
C * EVALUATED BY JACOB2 *
f *
C COORD(NPOIN,NDINE~ = COORDINATE VALUES OF NODAL POINTS
* *
C THROUGH INPUT
t t
C ELCOD(NDIHE NNODE) = CARTESIAN COORDINATES OF ELEIIENT NODES
* *
C EXTRACTED FROtl CODRD
* *
C LNODS(NELEM NNODE) = ELEMENT NODAL CONNECTIVITY ARRAY
C * THROUGH INPUT f
* 6 X 67 HATRIX EQ.(l) FORHED BY TERNS OF *
C PI(6,67)
* *
C OF STRESS Ref. (21 EVALUATED BY POLYNH
* ”
C POSGP(NGAUS 1 NATURAL COORDINATES OF GAUSS POINTS
* f
C THROUGH INPUT
C * S(NLYRS,6,6) - COHPLIANCE MATRIX OF THE LAYERS THROUGH INPUT *
C I SHAPE(NELEH) = SHAPE FUNTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ELEMENT NODES *
I t
C EVALUATED BY SFR2
C l
TH(NLYRSt1) L HEIGHTS OF LAYER SURFACES FROH REFERENCE PLANE *
* I
C THROUGH INPUT
C t UEIGP(NGAUS) = WEIGHTING FACTORS OF GAUSS POINTS THROUGH INPUT *
C
 Stiffness matrix of laminated plates 357

SUBROUTINE BnATP(XI,TI)
C
C *********f~*t***t*********************"************~****~*******

C * THIS SUBROUTINE EVALUATES LAYER STRAIN nATRIX BnATX *

C t *
C * INPUT PARAMETERS : *
C * XI = TRANSVERSE NORHALISEO COORDINATE OF GAUSSIAN POINT *
f *
C TI = HALF THE THICKNESS OF THE Ith LAYER
C f COnRON : SHAPE,CARTD I
C * 1
C l OUTPUT : PARAIITERS *
C * : BIIATX *
COntlON
C ***I"***l******~****t**********~*******~,~*******~********~**~***
C
InPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION(A-H,O-2)
C

C
C INITIALISE AND CALCULATE NONZERO ELEnENTS OF BnATX(6,40) OF I th LAYER
C
DO 10 1=1,6
DO 10 3=1,40
10 BnATX(I,J)=O.O
TI2=2.O*TI
J=O
DO 20 IN=l,NNOOE
I=Jtl
BnATX~l,I)=CARTD(l,IN)"(l.O-X1)/2.0
BflATX(5,1)=-SHAPE(IN)/TIZ
BHATX(6,I)=CARTD(2,IN)*(l.O-X1)/2.0
1=x*1
J=Itl
BtlATX(1.I)=CARTD(l,IN)*(l.OtXI)/2.0
BnATX(5,I)=SHAPE(IN)/TIZ
BnATX(6,I)=CARTD(2,IN)*(l.OtXI)/2.0
BHATX(2,J)=CARTD(2,IN)*(l.O-X1)/2.0
BnATX(4,J)=-SHAPE(IN)/TI2
BnATX(6,J)=CARTD(l,IN)*(l.O-X1)/2.0
I=Jtl
J=Itl
BnATX(2,I)=CARTD(2,IN)*(l.OtXI)/2.0
BllATX(4,I)=SHAPE(IN)/TI2
BtlATX(6,1)=CARTD(1,1N)*(1.0+X1)/2.0
BnATX(d,J)=CARTD(2,IN)
BnATX(S,J)=CARTD(l,IN)
20 CONTINUE
RETURN
END

SUBROUTINE STIFtl(SK,IELEn)
C
C
C I*“*L~*‘***t*****il*,~***“~**“*************~~**~,~******“****”***~***~~~**~~~

C "THIS SUBROUTINE EVALUATES ELEnENT STIFFNESS nATRIX SK(NEVAB,NEVAB) *

c a a
c * INPUT PAHANTERS : L

c * IELEn= CURRENT ELEnENT NURBER I

c * COtMON : LNUDS,COORO,S,~OSGP,UEItiP,TH,NNODE L
c * NBTVA,NGAUS,NLYRS,NEVAB *
c * l

c ’ OUTPUT PARAnTERS : *
c * SK(NEVAB,NEVAB) = ELEMNT STIFFNESS IlATRIX *
c * TAPE 28 HINVG *
358 K. M. RAO and Y. U. MAHESWARA RAO

c * *
c * VARIABLES *
c * HDHNA : IlAXIHUN NUMBER OF NON-ZERO ELEMENTS IN THE UPPER *
C' TRIANGLE OF H NATRIX (=1596t(NLYRS-2)"2212+1587) *
c * HI(67,67) = LAYER MATRIX EVALUATED ACCORDING TO EQ. (8a) I
c * GI(67,40) = LAYER MATRIX EVALUATED ACCORDING TO ED. (8b) *
c * SP(6.67) PRODUCT OF S AND P MATRICES *
c * HAXA(NBJVAt1) =: VECTOR CONTAINING THE ADDRESSES OF DIAGONAL t
c 4 ELEMENTS OF H BATRIX IN A L
c fi G(NBTVA,NEVAB) = IIATRIX REPRESENTING ED. (13b) *
c * A(tlDHNA) H MATRIX STORED IN COIIPACT FORM t
c 4 HINVG(NBTVA,NEVAB;
= PRODUCT OF H-' AND G *
c * DJACB = DETERMINANT OF JACOBIAN (FROH JACOB21 I
C **t**"*lf*f***t*l*tf~*****************~~***~"**********~*~~********~***~~****

C
C IHPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION(A-H,O-2)
C
DITIENSION HI(67,67),GI(67,4O),SP(6,67),SK(NEVAB,NEVAB)

I CDHMON BLOCK I

DIHENSION HAXA(NBTVAtl),G(N6TVA,NEVAB),HINVG(NBTVA,NEVAB),A(NDHNA)
C -l

C INITIALISE G AND A HATRICES

C
DO 10 I=l,NETVA
DO 25 K=l,NEVAB
25 G(1,K):O.O
10 CONTINUE
C
tlDtlNA=1596t(NLYRS-2)"2212+1587 a

DO 1 I=tlDHNA
1 A(I)=O.O
C
C IDENTIFY X,Y-COORDINATES OF OF THE NODES OF ELEtlENT IELEfl
C
DO 30 IN=l,NNODE
LNODE=IAl3S(LNODS(IELEH,IN))
DO 30 IDINE=l,NDIflE
30 ELCOD(IDIME,IN)=CDORD~LNODE.IDItlE)

C
C ENTER LOOP OVER LAYERS
C
DO 40 IL=l,NLYRS
ILP=ILtl
TI=(TH(ILtl)-TH(IL))/2.0
C
C INITIALISE H1(67,67) AND GI(67,40)
C
DO 41 1=1,67
DO 42 J=1,67 b
42 tlI(I,J)=O.O
DO 43 K=l,40
43 GI(I,K)=O.O
41 CONTINUE
C
C ENTER LOOP FOR NUMERICAL INTEGRATION
C r-, X
DO 50 IGAUS=l,NGAUS
DO 50 JGAUS=l,NGAUS
x=0.0
Y=O.O
EXISP=PDSGP(IGAUS)
ETASP=POSGP(JGAUS)
C
C EVALUATE SHAPE FUNCTIONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES u.r.t NATURAL
C COORDINATED BY SUBROUTINE SFR2 TO BE ADDED BY USER _* 1
c
 Stiffness matrixof laminated piates 359

c
CALL SFRZ(EXISP,ETASP)
C
C EVALUATE CARTESIAN DERIVATIVES OF SHAPE FUNCTIONS AND DETERRINANT
C DJACB OF JACOBIAN I’IATRIX BY SUBROUTINES JACOB2 TO BE SUPPLIED BY USER
C
CALL JACD82(IELE~,DJA~B~
C
c,
C EVALUATE X,Y-COORDINATES OF GAUSS POINTS
C
DO 60 IN=l,NNODE
X=X+SHAPE(IN)*ELCOD(l,IN)
60 Y=YtSHAPE(XN)*EL~OD(2,IN)
DO 70 KGAUS~~,NGAUS
DVOLU=DJACB*WEIGP(KGAUS)~WEIGPfIGAUS)*WE~GP~JGAUS~
c
EZASP=POSGP(KGAUS)
C
C EVALUATE PI(6,67) tlATRIX BY SUBROUTINE BY POLYNH 10 BE SUPPLIED BY USER
C
CALL POLYNB~X,Y,EZASP,TI)
c
c EVALUATE SP(6,67)=S(6,6f”PI(6,671
C
DO 80 1=1,6
DO 80 J=1,67
SP(I.J)=O.O
DO 80 K=l,6
80 SP(I,J)=SPfI,J)tS(IL,f,Kf*PI(K,J~
c
C EVALUATE tiI(67,67)=Trens.P116,67)*SP(6,67)
C
Dd 90 1=1,67
DO 90 J=1,67
DO 90 K=1,6
90 ~X~I~J)=HI~I,J~+PI~K,I~*SP~K,J~*TI~OVOLU
C
c EVALUATE STRAIN IlATRIX BMATX(6,LO)
C
CALL BMATP(EZASP,TI)
C
C EVALUAZE GI~67,~O)=Trans.P~(6,67~*B~A~X(6,60~
c
DO 100 X=1,67
DO 100 J=1,40
DO 100 K=l,b
100 GI(I,J)=GI~I,J)tPI(K,I~*BflATX(K,J)”TI*DVOLU
70 CONTINUE
50 CONTINUE
-----_7+-,K
c
C START ASSEHSLING III IN70 i-OX?!.ARRAY A(fiDfiNAl
C -v--d ---
IF(IL.EO.i)THEN
KT=O I
INDX=O !
DO 22 X=12,67
nAXA(I-l~)=INDXtl I
DO 23 J=I,l2,-1 4
KT=KTtl
23 A(KT)=HI(J,I) 1
22 INDX=KT
Nnl=q - 1 I
ENDIF
c d
TIn~=(TH(IL)-TH(IL-1)~/2.0
C
C SCALE THE ELERWNTS HI AND GI BY FACTOR SF=TIHl/TI FOR IS=l,Z,..,lO
C AND BY SOUARE OF TIlll/TI FOR IS=11 (Ess.(P))
C
i
360 K. M. R~oand Y. U.MA~WARA RAO

DO 160 IS=i.ll
IF(IS-11)165,150,145
,165 CONTINUE
SF=TIHl/TI
C
C SCALE IS th ROW OF HI AND 61 &
c
DO 146 JSR=1.67
146 HI(IS,JSR)=SF*HItIS,JSR)
DO 167 JSR=l,kO
lb7 GI(~S,JSR)=SF"GI(TS,JSR~
C
C SCALE IS th COCUflN OF HI
C
DO 160 JSC=1.67
160 HI(JSC,IS)=SF*HX(JSC,IS)
GO TO 170
150 CONTINUE
SF=(TIRl/TI)**2
c
C SCALE 11 th ROW OF HI
C
DO 180 JSR=1,67 d2.
180 HI(IS,JSR~=SF'HI~IS,JSR)
C
C SCALE 11 th ROW OF GI
C
00 181 JSR=1.60
181 GI(IS,JSRf=SF'GI(IS,JSR)
C
C SCALE 11 th COLUTIN OF HI
C
DO 190 JSC=1,67
190 WX(JSC,IS)=SF*HIfJSC,IS)
170 CONTINUE
140 CONTINUE
C
C ASSEMBLE HK OF LAYERS LYING IN BETWEEN THE TOP AND 60TTOIl
C
IF~(IL.NE.l).AND.~IL.NE.NLYRS))THEN
DO 33 I=l,ll
KT=RAXA~N~~+Il-1
DO 33 J=I,f,-1
KT=KTtl
33 A(KT)=A(KT)tHI(J,I)
KT-INDX
DO 36 1=12,67
*3
NAXA(NNltI)=INOXt1
DO 35 5=1,1,-l
KT=KT+l
35 A(KT)=tiI(J,I~
34 INOX-KT
NMl=Ntllt56
ENDIF

C
C ASSEHBLE HI OF THE TOP LAYER UP10 SETA(56) AND THEN BETA(67).
C
IF(IL.EQ.NLYRS)THEN
00 48 I=l,ll
KT=HAXA(NllltI)-1
00 48 3=1,1,-l
KT=KT+l
ba A(Kl)=A(KT~tHI~J,I)
KT=INDX
DO 69 1=12,56
HAXA(NNltI)=INOXtl
00 67 J=I,l.-1
KT=KTtl
 Stiffness matrix of laminated plates 361

47 AlKTI=HIfJ,I)
19 INDX=KT
HAXA(IBAl)=INDXtl
KT=KT+f
A(KTf=HX(67,671
00 16 J-56,1,-1 cb
KT=KTtl
$6 A(KT)=HI(J,b?)
~AXA~N~T~At~~=~AXA(N~T~A~t57
Ntll=NI’ilt57
ENOIF
c
C EVALUATE THE COLUMN POINTERS IN G AND GI HATRICES FOR U8v,U
C

00 310 IN=l,NNODE
LEUG=(IN-1~*((NLYRSt1)*2tl)
LBVG=L8UGtNLYRStl
L6WG=LBVGtNLYRS+l
LUGl=LBUGtIL
LU62=LBU6tILP
LVGP=LBVGtIL
LVG2=tBVGtTLP
LUGl=tRWGtl
LBUGI=(IN-11'5 &
LBYGI=LBUGIt2
LBU6I=LBVGIt2
LUGIl=LBUGItl
LUGIZ=LBUGItZ
LVGll=LBVGItl
LVGI2=LBVGIt2
LUGXl-LBWGItl
IF(Lt-1132d,325,320
C
C ASSEMBLE GI OF THE BOTTOTI LAYER INTO G
c
325 CONTINUE
DD 33tt f=f2,57
IR=I-11
G~IR,LUGl~=G(IR,LUGl~tGX(I,LUG~l~
G(JR,LUG21=G(JR,LUG2)+61ff,LUG12)
G(IR,LVGl)=G(~R,L~G~~tG~(~~LV~Il~
G(IR,LVG2)=G(IR,LVGZ)tGI(I’,LVGI2)
330 G(IR,LWG1)=G(IR,LWG1)tGT(J,LUGIl~
GO TO 340
320 CONTINUE
~F~IL-NLYRS~350,355,3S~
C
C ASSEHBLE THE LAYERS LYING BETUEEN TME YOP AN0 BOTTOH LAYERS
C
358 CONTIN#E
00 350 I=l.57
LRL=fIL-lJ436-11+L
6(LRL,LUGl)=G(LRL,LUGl)tG~(I,LUGIl)
G(LRL,LUG2~=G(LRL,LUGZ~tGI(I,LllGIZ~
G[LRt,LVGt)=G(LRL,LV~~~t6~~I~L~GIi~
6(LRL,LVG2)=S(LRL,LVG2)t~~(I,LVGI2~
360 G(LRL,LWGl)=G(LRL,LUGI)+FI(I,L~GIl~
GO TO 340
355 CONT TNUE
c
c ASSERBLE 61 OF TOP LAYER INTO G
c
00 370 J=1,57
IF~~-S7~330~3&5,380
JIB Ii&I
GO TO 390
385 SI=67
362 K. M. RAO and Y. U. MAHBWARA RAO

390 CONTINUE a
h3
LRL:(IL-1)*56-1ltI
G(LRL,LUGl)=G(LRL,LUGl~tGI(II,LUGIl)
I
G(LRL,LUG2)=G(LRL,LUG2)tGI(II,LUGI2)
G(LRL,LVG1)=G(LRL,LVGl~tGI(II,LVGI1~
G(LRL,LVG2)=G(LRL,LVG2)tGI(II,LVGI2)
370 G(LRL.LWGl)=G(LRL,LWGl~tGI(II,LWGIl)
340 CONTlNUE
310 CONTINUE -------__-w_ J
40 CONTINUE
C ~-
C EQUATE G(NBTVA,NEVAB) TO HINVG(NBTVA,NEVAB)
C
DO 603 I=l,NBTVA
e
DO 603 J=l,NEVAB
603 HINVG(I,J)=G(I,J)
C
C GET THE PRODUCT OF INVERSE OF H AND G BY TRIPLE-FACTORISATION
C
CALL COLSOL(A,HINVG,IlAXA,NBTVA.nDnNA,l~
C
C EVAKUATE THE ELEIIENT STIFNESS MATRIX SK(NEVAB,NEVAB)
C
DO 450 I=l,NEVAB
DO 450 J=l,NEVAB
SK(1,J):O.O
DO 451 K=l,NBTVA
451 SK(I,J)=SK(I.J)tG(K,I)"HINVG(K,J)
450 CONTINUE
C
C STORE HINVG RATRIX TO USE FOR STRESS EVALUATION
C
WRITE(28)HINVG
C
RETURN
END
SUBROUTINE COLSOL(A,HINVG,HAXA,NN,NWK,KKKI
C
C *I*II~I~L*L**~I*I*l~~“~~““~.,~.*~~”~.~~”~~...~.~~“~“.““~“~”.*~..,“.~~“~
c THIS SUMROUtINE LVALUAILS H AND H-’ G .
C I
C INPUT PARARTERS *
C THROUGH CALLING ~ROGRAII = A,HINVG.BAXA.NN.NWK.KKK I
C COfitlON = NEVAB
C
C OUTPUT PARARETERS :
C HINVG = PRODUCT OF H-’ AND G
C
C VARIABLES
C A z H IlATRIX STORED IN COMPACT FORII *
C HIWVG (INPUT) = G TlATRIX
*
C HINVG (OUTPUT) = PRODUCT OF H-’ AND G *
C TIAXA = ADDRESSES OF DIAGONAL ELENENTS OF H TIATRIX IN A *
: NBTVA I
C NN
; *
C NWK BDTINA
= t
C KKK 1
C
C
IHPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION(A-H,O-2)
C
C ____-__-_------
C COtlHDN BLOCKS
C _____________-_
C
DIBENSION llAXA(NBTVAtlI,A(llDtlNA~,HINVG(NBTVA,NEVAB~
C
C PERFORII L*D*L(TI FACTORISATION OF H(NBTVA,NBTVAI MATRIX
C
 Stiffness matrix of laminated plates 363

IF(KKK-2)40,150,150
40 DO 140 N=l,NN
C
C
C
C ,

C
140 CONTINUE
C
C REDUCE RIGHT-HAND SIDE VECTORS HINVG(NBTVA.NEVAE)
C
150 CONTINUE
DO 300 JRV=l,NEVAB
DO 180 N=l,NN
KL=TlAXA(N)tl
KU=TlAXA(Ntl)-1
IF(KU-KL)180,160,160
16d K=N
c=o.o
DO'170 KK=KL.KU
K=K-1
170 C=CtA(KK)"HINVG(K,JRV)
HINVG(N,JRV)=HINVG(N,JRV)-C
180 CONTINUE
C
C BACK-SUBSTITUTE
C
DO 200 N=l,NN
K=HAXA(N)
200 HINVG(N.JRV)=HINVG(N,JRV)/A(K)
IF(NN.ED.l) RETURN
N=NN
DO 230 L=P,NN
KL=HAXA(N)tl
KU=TlAXA(Ntl)-1
IF(KU-KL)230,210,210
210 K=N
DO 220 KK=KL,KU
K=K-1
220 HINVG(K,JRV)=HINVG(K,JRV)-A(KK)*HINVG(N,JRV)
230 N=N-1
300 CONTINUE
RETURN
2000 FORTlAT(//IX,'STOP-STIFFNESS IlATRIX NOT POSITIVE DEFINITE',
1' PIVOT NO.IS’,Ib,‘&=‘,DlO.3)
END