SALAHUDDIN M.

KHALID

ARCH. BUILDING CONST. & MATERIALS

IDEAL INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE

IX SEMESTER | FIFTH YEAR

INSIDE
THIS
ASSIGNMENT
LONG SPAN TRUSSES
INTRODUCTION OF LONG SPAN
LONG SPAN TRUSSES
TRUSSES
STUDY OF LONG SPAN TRUSSES
TYPES OF LONG SPAN  Pratt truss.
TRUSSES & ITS USE
 Warren truss.
DIFFERENT TYPE OF LONG SPAN
TRUSSES
 North light truss.
 King post truss.
MEMBERS OF
 Queen post truss.
TRUSSES
 Fink truss.
VARIOUS MEMBERS OF LONG
SPAN TRUSSES  Mono pitch truss.
TRUSSES:
A TRUSS IS ESSENTIALLY A TRIANGULATED SYSTEM OF STRAIGHT INTERCONNECTED
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS. THE MOST COMMON USE OF TRUSSES IS IN BUILDINGS,
WHERE SUPPORT TO ROOFS, THE FLOORS AND INTERNAL LOADING SUCH AS
SERVICES AND SUSPENDED CEILINGS, ARE READILY PROVIDED .

THE MAIN REASONS FOR USING TRUSSES ARE:

 LONG SPAN

 LIGHTWEIGHT

 REDUCED DEFLECTION (COMPARED TO PLAIN MEMBERS)

 OPPORTUNITY TO SUPPORT CONSIDERABLE LOADS

 THE PRINCIPAL FORCE IN EACH ELEMENT IN A TRUSS IS AXIAL TENSION OR

COMPRESSION

Nomenclature & members of TRUSS:

TPYES OF TRUSSES:

 PRATT TRUSS.

 WARREN TRUSS.

 NORTH LIGHT TRUSS.

 KING POST TRUSS.

 QUEEN POST TRUSS.

 FINK TRUSS.

 MONO PITCH TRUSS.

 VAULTED TRUSS.

PRATT TRUSS:
 A Pratt Truss has been used over the past two centuries as an effective truss
method. The vertical members are in compression, whilst the diagonal members
are in tension.

 This simplifies and produces a more efficient design since the steel in the diagonal
members (in tension) can be reduced.

 This has a few effects – it reduces the cost of the structure due to more efficient
members, reduces the self-weight and eases the constructability of the structure.

 This type of truss is most appropriate for horizontal spans, where the force is
predominantly in the vertical direction.

 Minimum Span is 20 meters and can go up to 45 meters.

Advantages of Pratt Truss:
 Aware of member’s behaviour – diagonal members are in tension, vertical
members in compression

 The above can be used to design a cost-effective structure

 Simple design

 Well accepted and used design

Disadvantages of Pratt Truss:

 Not as advantageous if the load is not vertical

Best use of Pratt truss:

 Where a cost-effective design is required

 Where a mix of loads are applied

 Where a simple structure is required

Warren TRUSS:
 The Warren Truss is another very popular truss structure system and is easily
identified by its construction from equilateral triangles.

 One of the main advantages of a Warren Truss is its ability to spread the load
evenly across a number of different members; this is however generally for cases
when the structure is undergoing a spanned load (a distributed load).

 Its main advantage is also the cause of its disadvantage – the truss structure will
undergo concentrated force under a point load.

 Under these concentrated load scenarios, the structure is not as good at

distributing the load evenly across its members.

 Therefore the Warren truss type is more advantageous for spanned loads, but not
suitable where the load is concentrated at a single point or node.

 Minimum span is 20 meter and can go up to 50 meters

Advantages of Warren Truss:
 Spreads load fairly evenly between members

 Fairly simple design

Disadvantages of Warren Truss:

 Poorer performance under concentrated loads

 Increased constructability due to additional members

Best use of Warren truss:

 Long span structures

 Where an evenly distributed load is to be supported

 Where a simple structure is required

North light TRUSS:

 This form of truss is usually used for short spans in industrial buildings with span
from 20 to 30 meter.

 is so called because it allows maximum benefit to be gained from natural

lighting by the use of glazing on the steeper north-facing pitch (sometimes
referred to as a saw tooth roof).

 It is common, on the steeper sloping portion of the truss, to have a

second truss running perpendicular to the plane of the north light truss, providing
large column-free space.
Advantages of north light Truss:
 The use of north lights to increase natural day lighting.

 Reduce the operational carbon emissions of buildings.

 Although north lights reduce the requirement for artificial lighting and can reduce
the risk of overheating.

Best use of north light Truss:

 North light trusses are traditionally used for short spans in industrial workshop-
type buildings.

 They are used to allow the increase of diffused north light in building premises.
 King post TRUSS:
 A king post extends vertically from a crossbeam (the tie beam) to the apex of a
triangular truss.

 The king post, itself in tension, connects the apex of the truss with its base, holding
up the tie beam (also in tension) at the base of the truss.

 The post can be replaced with an iron rod called a king rod (or king bolt) and thus a
king rod truss.

 The king post truss is also called a "Latin truss". Span up to 10 m.

Best use of king post Truss:

 King post trusses are widely used for short span structures.

 It is used for roof and covering purpose of residence and small span industries

 Where light load is to be carried by roof and cost effective construction is needed.
Queen post TRUSS:
 Similar to the king post truss, but with diagonal members between the centre of
the bottom chord and each of the inclined top chords.

 Queen post trusses can span 10m.

 Generally used as an alternative variation of King Post Truss.

Fink TRUSS:
 A fink roof truss is traditionally the most commonly used truss type, providing a
simple, adaptable and cost efficient roofing solution.

 The “fink” is a basic webbed truss design that provides the most economical roof
solution.

 The web members form a ‘w’ to provide a high strength structure with good load-
carrying capacity. The roof load is transmitted entirely to support on the wall
plates.
 More load bearing compared to king post and queen post.

 Fink design trusses are used today for pedestrian bridges and as roof trusses in
building construction

 Span ranges from 6 to 10 meters depending upon materials and conditions.

Best use of fink Truss:

 Fink design trusses are used today for pedestrian bridges

 As roof trusses in building construction in an inverted (upside down) form where

the lower chord is present.

 And a central upward projecting vertical member and attached diagonals provide
the bases for roofing.
Mono pitched TRUSS:
 A mono-pitched roof is a single-sloping roof surface, often not attached to
another roof surface. Span upto 10 meters.

 Mono-pitched roofs are sometimes called a shed roof, lean-to roof, or skillion
roof.

 This is in contrast to a dual-pitched roof, also known as a gabled roof, which

is pitched in two different directions.

 Used in warehouse, etc.