BCE21 1 - 3 3 4 5 A CTIVITY 1: LET'S CHECK

In fulfillment of BCE211-3345
Activity for the subject
Fundamentals of Surveying

SU BM I T T ED BY:

COLLI N I Z Z Y G . PALUBON

SEPT E M B ER, 2020

 ACTIVITY NO. 1

METHODS OF
SRUVEYING
BCE211-3354
SURVEYING
METHOD:

CON
TROL
SUR       

VEY
Control surveys establish precise horizontal

and vertical relationships of a network of

    monuments/markers which serve as the co-

ordinate basis for subordinate surveys. This consists of a closed

loop network and have adequate redundancy, precision, and

accuracy to prove that all the monuments included in the network

are within the horizontal and vertical accuracy tolerance. The

work  shall include determining the location of the monuments,

installing the monuments, and verifying the positional accuracy of

the monument is correct. The required accuracy of the positions to

be determined, the duration of the project, the proposed use of

the positional data, the need for inter-visibility of control points all

important.Examples of survey projects utilizing this type of control

are Plant site Control, Deformation Monitoring, Aerial,

Topographic, Mapping or any other survey requiring the

establishment of a set of control points to be used on an ongoing

basis for additional surveys.

SURVEYING
METHOD:

BOUN
DARY
SURV          

EY
A boundary survey is a way to formally define the

boundaries of a property. A boundary survey is a

        process carried out to determine property lines and 

define true property corners of a parcel of land described in

a  deed. It also indicates the extent of any easements or

encroachments and may show the limitations imposed on the

property by state or local regulations. This also ensures avoidance

of future disputes, the expense and frustration of defending a

lawsuit, moving a building, or resolving a boundary problem. The

first significant component of a boundary survey is  registry

research. A successful survey needs information about deeds, so

the  surveyor will do extensive research  in the county registry of

deed. You can choose to have a boundary survey include any

improvements made on the land by previous owners. Improvements

could include houses, sheds, garages, pools, and other permanent

changes to the property. Boundary surveys are an important

procedure for anyone buying a property of any type. They are

typically performed prior to buying, subdividing, improving or

building on land.
SURVEYING
METHOD:

TOPO
GRAP
HIC          

SURV        
A topographic or topographical land

survey shows the height, depth, size and 

location of any man-made or natural features on a

EY
             
given parcel of land, as

contours in elevation throughout the parcel.

well

boundary surveys focus on horizontal measurements, topographic

as the changes

While 
or

surveys are about elevation. Basically locates all surface features

of a property, and depicts all natural features and elevations

Topographic surveys show elevation and land forms and have a

myriad of practical applications. Though the number of surveys to

conduct before beginning a project may be large, topography is

vital and cannot be overlooked. If you’re looking to begin a project

and conduct topographic or other surveys. Land survey services

are asked to produce topographic surveys for: construction and

architectural projects, environmental restoration and property

improvements, to fulfill regulatory requirements for construction

codes, guidance for setting up grading or drainage ditches when

land developed for one purpose is being used for another

purpose.
SURVEYING
METHOD:

HYDR
OGRA
PHIC
SURV        

description of
         

This is the science of measurement and 

physical features of the navigable

EY
        

that records
portion

sounding,
of the

effect
earth’s

of
seas

tides,
and

areas. This includes data collection equipment’s that 

waves,
adjoining

water
coastal

level and

temperature differences. Hydrographic surveys are also useful in

determining information needed for design and construction of

structures adjacent to or under water. The prefix hydro refers, in

general, to water; hence,  hydrographic surveying  is done on, in, or

near water to secure information about the physical features of

the water area. A major purpose of hydrographic surveying is to

obtain data necessary for preparing nautical charts, which show

water depths,  navigation channels, structures (such as

piers),  breakwaters, and so on and which are used by mariners.

Supports nautical charting, port and harbor maintenance like

dredging, coastal engineering like beach erosion and

replenishment studies, coastal zone management and offshore

resource development.
SURVEYING
METHOD:

MINI
NG
SURV
EY
         
Involves measurement, representation

management of data with mining operations which

could be the underground and open-cut mine workings. Used not

and

just to avoid older and possible flooded connections underground

passages but to also establish the boundaries of mining claims and

territories.Surveying and mapping practice in the mining industry

encompasses most surveying fields; its main difference is that it

has a direct effect on the safety of people working in the mines.

Accurate surveys and reliable maps are a prerequisite to a

successful mining operation. Responsible for maintaining an

accurate plan of the mine as a whole and will update maps of the

surface layout to account for new buildings and other structures,

as well as surveying the underground mine workings in order to

keep a record of the mining operation. One of the key contributors

to the welfare of the mining industry means a survey that is carried

out for the purposes of the Work Health and Safety.

SURVEYING
METHOD:

ASTR
ONO
MICAL
SURV
EY
Generally involve imagining or mapping of regions of

the sky using telescopes. Determining the latitude and

         

longitude. Determining the distances for satellite communication.

Determining of route for space ships and shuttles. An astronomical

survey is a general map or image of a region of the sky that lacks a

specific observational target. Alternatively, an astronomical survey

may comprise a set of many images or spectra of objects that

share a common type or feature. Astronomical Survey.

Observations made to heavenly bodies like sun, stars etc., to

locate absolute  positions of points on the earth and for the

purpose of calculating local time is known as astronomical  survey.

An  astronomical survey  is a general  map  or  image  of a region of

the sky that lacks a specific observational target. Alternatively, an

astronomical survey may comprise a set of many images or spectra

of objects that share a common type or feature.

SURVEYING
METHOD:

ROU
TE
SUR
VEY
             
Defined as being the required service and

product that adequately locates the plan

path of a linear project or right of way which crosses a prescribed

area of real estate, extending from at least one known point and

turning or terminating at another known point.  Route Survey is

made on the ground to provide for the location of right of way

lines, a center line, or reference lines in relation to property lines

and terrain features. Route Surveys shall include but are not

limited to the proper location, monumentation, and description or

platting of the following routes: Roadways, highways and

railroads. Transmission lines for communications, fuel, chemical,

water and electrical needs. Canals, waterways, drainage ditches

and sewers. View easements, air space easements, and ingress

and egress easements such as approach routes.

SURVEYING
METHOD:

PHOTO
GRAM
METRIC
SUR Photogrammetry can be defined as the

VEY
science of making reliable measurements

using photographs or digital photo imagery to

locate features on or above the surface of the

             

earth. The end result produces the coordinate (X, Y, and Z)

position of a particular point, planimetric feature, or 3-D graphic

representation of the terrain. Photogrammetry has evolved into a

reliable substitution of ground surveying activities when large area

mapping is necessary. It can relieve survey crews of the most

tedious, time consuming tasks required to produce topographic

maps and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs). Ground survey methods

will always remain an indispensable part of Photogrammetry and

are not replaceable by the photogrammetric process. Used in

urban projects such as plains, mountainous terrain, high altitude

city planning imagery, rural and suburband projects.

SURVEYING
METHOD:

CONS
TRUC
TION
SUR Before a  construction survey  is started,

VEY
thorough planning is carried out. Throughout

the construction period a surveyor assists the

              work as necessary. As expected the construc-

tion surveyor conducts a  construction survey  which contributes an

important piece to the whole construction project. It keeps watch

on reference points and establishes markers which steer the

construction of new installations. It is a survey that presents

locations and marks for construction activities; the process of

executing evaluation and estimation prior to or during

construction. Measurements are done for reference points which

determine the location of the planned structure or improvements,

vertical and horizontal positioning, dimensions, configuration, and

to control the elevation of the new structures. The purpose of

doing a construction survey is to maintain and establish the

necessary vertical and horizontal control needed for a construction

project. It includes taking measurements to ascertain quantities,

and then put these measurements in documentation to corroborate

the final payments.

SURVEYING
METHOD:

CITY
SUR
VEY
             

The survey made in connection with the construction of

streets, water supply  and sewage lines fall under this

category.   are surveys of the areas in and near a city for

the purpose of planning expansions or improvements,

;locating property lines, fixing reference monuments,

determining the physical features and configuration of

the land, and preparing maps. It generally deals with

natural or artificial features on land such as rivers,

streams, lakes, wood, hills, roads, railways, canals, towns,

water supply systems, buildings & properties etc.

SURVEYING
METHOD:

FORES
TING
SUR
VEY
Foresters use forest surveys to obtain

information on the condition of the FOREST

              and monitor any changes, since there are 

not only surveys of standing trees, but also surveys after

logging as well as forestry surveys aimed at prescribing

treatments. It also identify the various  TREE  species,

establish their age, height and growth rate, and quantify

the volumes of wood that are available for harvest.

Surveys also provide information on topics such as

surface deposits, through the analysis of the topsoil

layer's composition; disturbances, like wind fallen

wood,  DISEASES  and  INSECT PESTS; and slope

classifications. An inspection or survey of woodlands or

forests to ascertain the kinds, qualities, and number of

trees on a given area.

SURVEYING
METHOD:

INDUS
TRIAL
SUR
VEY
Sometimes known as optical tooling. It

refers to the use of surveying techniques in

              ship building, construction and assembly of

aircraft, layout and installation of heavy and complex

machinery, and in other industries where very accurate

dimensional layouts are required. The application of

surveying in an industrial environment. This may include

the alignment of precision machinery in anything from

the nuclear to production industries. Occasional

downshifts at factories require rapid measurements to be

taken of plant and equipment to check that everything is

aligned correctly and whether any adjustments are

required. For example, rolling mills require periodic

checks to ensure that rollers are running truly parallel and

horizontal, to ensure that the product (steel, paper,

plastic etc) does not crease or run off the edge of the

rollers.
SURVEYING
METHOD:

CADA
STRAL
SUR
VEY
Comes from a Latin base term which refers

to a registry of land. This is use to determin

         and define land ownership and boundaries.

Deals with measurements of land, subdivisions and sectional titles.

Cadastral surveying is the discipline of land surveying that relates

to the laws of land ownership and the definition of property

boundaries.  It involves interpreting and advising on boundary

locations, on the status of land ownership and on the rights,

restrictions and interests in property, as well as the recording of

such information for use on plans, maps, etc.  It also involves the

physical delineation of property boundaries and determination of

dimensions, areas and certain rights associated with properties,

whether they are on land, water or defined by natural or artificial

features. Cadastral surveys are generally performed to subdivide

land into parcels for ownership under a land title and to re-

establish boundaries of previously surveyed properties to

determine the physical extent of ownership or to facilitate the

transfer of the property title.

SURVE
YING
METH
OD

SUBMITTED BY: 

COLLIN IZZY G. PALUBON