Chapter 2

Literature Review and Project Methodology

2.1. Introduction

The evaluation of the literature review included searching, collecting, analyzing, and drawing a
conclusion from all the problems raised in the appropriate literature. While the methodology of the
project provides the processes and methods used to complete the project. This section is the report that
analyzes the fact-finding and the methods and methods that will be used to complete the project for the
online vehicle rental system (VRMS). The facts and findings are analyzed by identifying the goals, the
current situation, and the resources available.

2.2. Facts and Findings

First of all, the website must be user-friendly and safer to beat out past competitors when
developing vehicle rental. For example, make your website responsive, place your website logo
on the top left; your website must have a logo on it, add your contact data; if you don't put
contact information users won't be able to readily contact you on your website, we may miss a
lot of prospective company; the more information you find on the website–the better because it
allows users to rapidly and easily contact you. A phone number, email address, and company
address will generally do the trick, if the website in the company of offering vehicle and services
to clients, the website should already use the fantastic rental advantages. Renting online is now a
way of life. People don't like being limited by location and don't want to be disturbed by having
to go somewhere or call vehicle owners to book a car. This will allow your customers the
freedom to do business whenever and wherever they want and expand your list of prospects to
the entire World Wide Web, make it easy to skim your content; people rarely read anything word
by word, and they certainly don't waste long hours attempting to decipher long paragraphs of text
on a website. The key to getting the customers interested in your material is to provide it in a
clear and concise way so that your customers can read and comprehend what you're attempting
to convey readily. Second, most vehicle is managed manually, and it really creates its customers
a lot of issues, for instance, the client has to go to the main office. Thus, with the birth of the
internet vehicle rental management system (VRMS), the vehicle rental management system
( will be boosted as it offers a convenient and appropriate way for it to be consumers and offers
an advantageous way for it to be customers. Thirdly, accessibility of the website, your website is
accessible every time, anywhere and via any PC or Mobile with an Internet connection. This
makes the customer strongly responsible for where and when the website is accessed. Fourthly,
increased security, website security must be tight, and any future infringements should
undoubtedly be seen faster. Finally, the end user's convenience of using internet transaction
payment. Payment is a way to make transactions or pay for rents and services by electronic
means, without the use of checks or money. It is also called an online payment system or an
electronic payment system. Due to the increasing spread of Internet-based banking and renting,
the electronic payment system has risen more and more over the past centuries. We can see the
rise of electronic payment systems and payment processing devices as the world progresses more
with technology development. As these transactions increase, enhance and make internet
payment transactions more secure, the proportion of check and money transactions will decrease.

2.2.1. Domain

In fact, VRMS is an ICT company. Information technology is used to manage and record
the vehicles rental. Therefore, as it is created as a web-based system, it tends to be called
technology and shifts the manual path into a computerized system.

2.2.2. Existing System

Studying the current system is a method that is used to gather the requirements in the research. The
purpose of studying the current system is to identify the existing entities and also gather requirements
and identify problem in the system. Few researches had been made on the manual system. The
summary of the research made and are shown in below.
 Over the past decade, online vehicle rental will become important. The kind of online rental
service that they do is sufficient evidence that they provide some advantages to customers than offline.
These are internet renting elements [9]:

 Vehicles and services available:

Online renting offers more benefit to customers by offering a variety of vehicle and offers they can pick
their suitable vehicle to them by considering their budgets.

 Convenience:
Online renting is a good deal that is more appropriate than renting offline (manual). Instead of finding
difficulties in moving. Just browse the vehicle from home then rent and go. Renting the vehicle of your
own decisions is simpler while you sit at home without moving from office to another search for a
vehicle. Once you choose the vehicle, the payment process is seamless. It's more convenient to rent
online.

 Anxiety:
The nervousness of people to explore the sites and experiment is also a concern. Those who are
unfamiliar with any websites like www.socar.com or www.avis.com.my or any websites just feel like it's
a challenging type of internet exercise and its complications in their experience as they don't like to rent
via online as it takes time to fill the details. This specific effort makes them worse and more worried
about any kind of online business.

 Pricing Policy:
Online rentals are given an inherent price advantage. Through the system, they can transfer their price
straight to the client and usually give the customer a reduced price than manual rental.

 Online trust:
Whether they trust a specific site and its vehicles and services relies on the perception of the client.
Therefore, the frequency of online rental on that particular site also depends on their trust. People differ in
terms of nature and ideas; some trust online transactions while others are afraid of online transactions.

 Delivery time:
In online rental, the vehicle ordered by the customer usually takes less time since the client choose the
closer vehicle to him/her.

2.2.2.1. Case Study – Using Simulation to choose between rental car lot layouts
 This system emphasis on the security compared to the existing system. This journal about
the Using Simulation to choose between rental car lot layouts. In the rental vehicle industry, the
number of vehicles that are waiting for or currently in the process of being cleaned directly
translates into unrealized potential income. Although the actual time spent preparing a vehicle
for rental) e.g., cleaning, servicing and fueling) cannot be significantly reduced without affecting
quality, the number of vehicles being prepared at a time can be modified. Of course, there is a
cost involved with any improvements to accomplish this. From the point of view of a rental
vehicle company, there are three essential processes that occur in a rental lot. The first process
details how the client is handled during the time spent checking out a vehicle. The second
process is what happens while a client checks in the vehicle. The third operation, which is hidden
from the client, is what happens to a vehicle between being parked in the check-in area by a
client and being checked out by another client. Each of these processes has their own operations
and priorities. During the two phases involving clients, the primary goal is the satisfaction of the
client. During vehicle preparation, there is a minimum amount of time required to be spent on
each vehicle in order to assure a certain level of quality. The goals in these areas are to minimize
the amount of time vehicles spend moving or waiting unnecessarily. What follows is a brief
description of each process that occurs in the rental car lot.

1. System Development Methodology

To further progress of this system, I have identified an appropriate technique to be pursued
throughout the (VRMS) implementation. The life cycle model of the waterfall will be described in detail
in this chapter.
 Requirement
s and
analysis

Maintenance Design

Testing Implementation

Figure 2. 1: Project Methodology

1 Planning Phase
At this point, project planning starts. To begin with, the data is collected from the website outlets
and the opinions of the end-user on the current system are collected. The issue must be analyzed in the
current system and attempted to solve the problem before improving the system. Meanwhile, it is
necessary to know the component in the database.

2 Analysis Phase
The manual system is checked at this point and opportunities for enhancement are acknowledged
depending on the information collected during the planning phase. The specifications of the client are
collected, reviewed, and revised. This stage's final results are the Analysis Report. The output from this
stage will be the Context Diagram, (DFD) and (ERD).

3 Design Phase
The Analysis stage outputs are used to lead this system's design process. The database will be
designed throughout this stage. It is design based on the system's desired requirement. Also, an interface
will be designed as well. It depends on the output of the stage of the analysis that the organization had
collected.

4 Implementation Phase
 This system is built through the use of Xampp software and visual studio code at this stage.
Database design and interface design will be enhanced from the design stage. The writing code process is
completed at that stage. Writing computer programs in this system is divided into the programming
language of PHP and database of PHPMyAdmin. Using bootstrap, javascript and jQuery will enhance a
system's interface.

5 Testing Phase
Once the development of the system is complete, the test stages will be completed. This is
imperative to test whether the executed code is correct or incorrect. If an error occurs, a solution will be
found to overcome the problem. If an error found, the code will be modified from the beginning of the
development phase.

2.2.2.2. Differences between manual and computerized system that is going to be developed

 Manual System:

i. Difficulties in checking vehicle status whether the vehicle is being used, repaired

or available for rent.

ii. Client does not know the detailed information about the vehicle that they had rent.

iii. Mistakes in giving vehicle to the correct client due to data redundancies that

occurred because of the manual way are high.

iv. Difficulties in referring to the previous data had been recorded since all the

checking is done manually.

v. Searching client details is slow and difficult.

 System to be:

i. Provide convenient to user to do the vehicle rental process.

ii. Customer can make vehicle rental anytime without relying to certain rules such as office hour.

2.2.3. Technique
 Gathering information and defining the requirements for the system is very important. There are
several methods that can be used in gathering information and requirements for the to-be system such
as referring to previous thesis, observation, questionnaire, interviews and through the internet. For
VRMS, the requirements are gathered by interviewing the vehicles Online director and its staff. Related
documents such as the rental form and list of vehicles available also had been collected. Using this
method, problem arise can be detected and solution can be made to overcome this problem.

2.3. Project Methodology

The SDLC method will be used to defining tasks performed at each step in the software
development process. SDLC is a structure followed by a development parts within the software. It
consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain and replace specific software. The life
cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software and the overall development process.
The activities of the SDLC are planning, implementation, testing, documentation, deployment and
maintenance and maintaining.

i. Planning

Gathering vehicles Online Company’s requirement and analyses the requirement. After the
requirements are gathered, a scope document is created in which the scope of the project is determined
and documented.

ii. Implementation

Implement VRMS by using php as programing language and Mysql as the

database.

iii. Testing

Finding defects or bugs.

iv. Documentation

2. Database Life Cycle (DBLC)

The Database Life Cycle (DBLC) defines the information system's database history. The
Database Life Cycle (DBLC) includes six major stages: database initial study, database design,
implementation and loading, testing and evaluation, operation, and maintenance and evaluation. The
DBLC mechanism and explanation for all stages as shown in the figure below.
 Database Initial Study

Database Design

Implementation and Loading

Testing and Evaluation

Operation

Maintenance and Evolution

Figure 2. 2: Database Life Cycle (DBLC)

• Database Initial Study

An analysis of the business position is being done in this stage. The main reason for the database
initial study is to analyze the condition of the business, identify the problems, limitations, objectives,
scope, and limits. The initial study also produces suggested alternatives to problems.
• Database Design
The second stage fixes the database model design that will help the activities and objectives of
the business. The conceptual design, logical design, and physical design are developed at this point and
the choice of DBMS software is also being prepared.
• Implementation and Loading
At this stage, the DBMS to be used for the system will be installed and the similarly used
databases will be created. The information for the system will be loaded or transformed after that.
• Testing and Evaluation
When the data is loaded into the database, the DBA tests and adjusts the performance, integrity,
concurrent access, and security constraints
 • Operation
When the evaluation phase is passed by the database, it is regarded to be operational.
• Maintenance and Evolution
Routine maintenance operations will be conducted within the database at this point.
1.2 Project Requirements
VRMS is a web-based system. The development of the system requires some hardware and
software requirements.
1. Software Requirement
Software requirements for VRMS are mentioned below:
• Development Tools:

1. Microsoft Office Visio

2. Microsoft Office
1. Operation System:

1. Windows 10
2. Web Server
2. Database system:

1. Phpmyadmin database

ii. Hardware Requirements

Hardware requirements for VRMS are mentioned below:

1. Laptop 2. Web server 3. Keyboard

4. Mouse
b. Project Schedule and Milestone
There are explicit schedules and milestones to be followed during the execution of PSM I and
PSM II. The introduction, literature review and project methodology, analysis and design are four main
chapters during PSM I as an outline. The milestone for PSM I is shown below in Table 2.1. To guarantee
that the task is completed on the date provided.
 Table 2. 1:Project Schedule and Milestones
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Task

Project Suggestion Form submitted to

the Project Approval Supervisor
Project introduction, literature review
and project methodology (Chapter 1
and Chapter 2)
- Collection information
- Conduct literature reviews
- Select project methodology
Analysis (Chapter 3)
- Collection information
- Conduct problem analysis
- Conduct requirement analysis
Preliminary design of the project
(Chapter 4)
- System architecture design
- User interface design
- Database design
PSM I final reporting
PSM I presentation
REPORT SUBMISSION

2.1 Conclusion
I pointed out the methodology and planning of the project in the second chapter.
Waterfall life cycle model developing stages and database life cycle (DBLC) explaining the
venture-related stages. Equally revealed Project Schedule and Milestones to clarify the
responsibilities of the undertaking. I will outline the problem analysis, enhancements/solutions,
functional and non-functional requirements in the following section.