Exercise 2 (Multiple choices): hi the following multiple choice questions, circle the correct answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the DMAIC process in Six Sigma management?
1. Define 2. Do
3. Analyze 4. Control
Which two continuous improvement tools are most similar in appearance?
1. Scatter plot and Check sheet 2. Pnreto chart and Histogram
3. Histogram and Fishbone diagram 4. Check sheet and Fishbone diagram
Pareto charts are used to
1. identify inspection points ina process 2. outline production schedules
3. organize errors, problems ordefects 4. show material flow
The tool ordinarily used to aid in understanding the sequence
of events through which a product travels is a:
1. Pareto chart 2. Flow chart
3. Check sheet 4. Taguchi map
A fishbone diagram is also known as a 1. Cause-and-effect diagram 2.
Poka-yoke diagram
3. Kaizen diagram 4. Taguchi diagram
The difference between the largest and the smallest data values is the 1. Variance 2.
Interquartile range
3. Range 4. Coefficient of variation
If two groups of numbers have the samemean, then
1. Their standard deviations must also be equal 2. Their medians must also be equal None of
3. Their modes must also be equal 4. these alternatives is correct 2. 2.0
Six Sigma represents a quality level of at most 1. 1.5
defects per million opportunities. 4. 4.5
defects per million opportunities.
3. 3.4 defects per million opportunities. defects per million opportunities.
A subset of items selected from a population is called
a 1. sample. 2.
statistic.
3. census. 4. parameter.
Which two continuous improvement tools are most similar in appearance?
1. scatter plot and check sheet 2. Pareto cliai-t and histogram
 3. histogram and fishbone diagram 4. check sheet and fishbone diagramTable
1 presents the number of
nonconformities observed in 26 successive samples of 100 printed circuit boards. Note that, for
reasons of convenience, the inspection unit is defined as 100 boards.

Set up a c chart for these data.

Table 1: Data on the Number of Nonconformities inof
Number Samples ofSample
100 Printed
Number
Circuit Boards
Number of
Sample Number Nonconformities Nonconformities
1 21 14 19
2 24 15 10
3 16 16 17
4 12 17 13
5 15 18 22
6 5 19 18
7 28 20 39
8 20 21 30
9 31 22 24
10 25 23 16
11 20 24 19
12 24 25 17
13 16 26 15

a) Construct a Counting control chart (C Chart) for these data.

b) Does the process appear to be in control?
c) If not, assume that assignable causes can be found for all points outside the control limits
and calculate the revised control limits.
 SOLUTION
Sample Number Number of Sample Number Number of
Nonconformities Nonconformities
1 21 14 19
2 24 15 10
3 16 16 17
4 12 17 13
5 15 18 22
6 5 19 18
7 28 20 39
8 20 21 30
9 31 22 24
10 25 23 16
11 20 24 19
12 24 25 17
13 16 26 15
Table 1: Data on the Number of Nonconformities in Samples of 100 Printed Circuit Boards

a) Construct a Counting control chart (C Chart) for these data.

Total nonconformities = 516, c is estimated by :
516
19.85 C
= "26 =

Therefore, the trial control limits are given by:

UCL = c + 3Vd = 19.85 + 3V19.85 = 33.22

Center Line = c = 19.85

 1
LCL = c- 3Vd = 19.85 - 3V19.85 = 6.48

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

♦ Number of nonconformities ---------------LCL -----------CL -----------UCL

b) Does the process appear to be in control?

Two points plot outside the control limits, samples 6 and 20.

c) If not, assume that assignable causes can be found for all points outside the control
limits and calculate the revised control limits.

Suppose that investigation of samples 6 and 20 revealed the assignable causes. Therefore, it
seems reasonable to exclude these two samples and revise the trial control limits.
The estimate of c is now computed as:
472
c
= "2T = 19.67
Therefore, the revised control limits are given by:
UCL = c + 3Vd = 19.67 + 3V19.67 = 32.97

Center Line = c = 19.67

LCL = c- 3Vd = 19.67 - 3V1967 = 6.3

 1
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26

♦ Number of nonconformities --------------LCL -----------CL -----------UCL

6All remaining samples plot inside the control limits. These revised control limits will become
the standard values against which production in the future period can be compared.
Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if the statement is false.
a) One of the focuses of Control Charts is continuous improvement of a product. T
b) It is not possible for the X chart to be out-of-control when the R chart is in control. F
c) Common causes of variation represent variation due to the inherent variability in the system.
T
d) The control limits are based on the standard deviation of the process. T
e) The purpose of a control chart is to eliminate common cause variation. F
f) The x chart studies means. T
g) The R chart is an attribute chart. F
h) Special or assignable causes of variation are signaled by individual fluctuations or patterns in
the data. T
i) Common causes of variation are correctable without modifying the system. F
j) The R chart is a control chart used to monitor a process mean. F