Table 1 presents the number of nonconformities observed in 26 successive samples of 100

printed circuit boards. Note that, for reasons of convenience, the inspection unit is defined as 100
boards.

Set up a c chart for these data.

Table 1: Data on the Number of Nonconformities in Samples of 100 Printed Circuit Boards
Sample Number Number of Sample Number Number of
Nonconformities Nonconformities
1 21 14 19
2 24 15 10
3 16 16 17
4 12 17 13
5 15 18 22
6 5 19 18
7 28 20 39
8 20 21 30
9 31 22 24
10 25 23 16
11 20 24 19
12 24 25 17
13 16 26 15

a) Construct a Counting control chart (C Chart) for these data.

b) Does the process appear to be in control?
c) If not, assume that assignable causes can be found for all points outside the control limits
and calculate the revised control limits.
 SOLUTION
Table 1: Data on the Number of Nonconformities in Samples of 100 Printed Circuit Boards
Sample Number Number of Sample Number Number of
Nonconformities Nonconformities
1 21 14 19
2 24 15 10
3 16 16 17
4 12 17 13
5 15 18 22
6 5 19 18
7 28 20 39
8 20 21 30
9 31 22 24
10 25 23 16
11 20 24 19
12 24 25 17
13 16 26 15

a) Construct a Counting control chart (C Chart) for these data.

Total nonconformities = 516, ć is estimated by :
516
ć= =19.85
26
Therefore, the trial control limits are given by:
UCL= ć+ 3 √ ć=19.85+ 3 √ 19.85=33.22

Center Line=ć=19.85

LCL=ć−3 √ ć=19.85−3 √ 19.85=6.48

 45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Number of nonconformities LCL

CL UCL

b) Does the process appear to be in control?

Two points plot outside the control limits, samples 6 and 20.

c) If not, assume that assignable causes can be found for all points outside the control
limits and calculate the revised control limits.

Suppose that investigation of samples 6 and 20 revealed the assignable causes. Therefore, it
seems reasonable to exclude these two samples and revise the trial control limits.
The estimate of ć is now computed as:
472
ć= =19.67
24
Therefore, the revised control limits are given by:
UCL= ć+ 3 √ ć=19.67+3 √ 19.67=32.97

Center Line=ć=19.67

LCL=ć−3 √ ć=19.67−3 √ 19.67=6.36

 35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26

Number of nonconformities LCL

CL UCL

All remaining samples plot inside the control limits. These revised control limits will become the
standard values against which production in the future period can be compared.
Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if the statement is false.

a) One of the focuses of Control Charts is continuous improvement of a product. T

b) It is not possible for the X chart to be out-of-control when the R chart is in control. F
c) Common causes of variation represent variation due to the inherent variability in the system. T
d) The control limits are based on the standard deviation of the process. T
e) The purpose of a control chart is to eliminate common cause variation. F

f) The x chart studies means. T

g) The R chart is an attribute chart. F
h) Special or assignable causes of variation are signaled by individual fluctuations or patterns in
the data. T
i) Common causes of variation are correctable without modifying the system. F
j) The R chart is a control chart used to monitor a process mean. F