Fourier Analysis

Sadia Akter Lima

L ECTURER , MIST

August 9, 2020

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Numerical Examples of Fourier Transform
1 − x 2,

|x| < 1
Exercise: Find the fourier transform of the function f (x) =
0, |x| > 1
Hence evaluate 0∞ sin x−x cos x
. cos x2 .dx = 3π
R
x3 16
Hints: By the definition of Fourier Transform we have
Z ∞
F (u) = f (x)e−iux .dx
−∞

Z −1 Z 1 Z ∞
⇒ F (u) = f (x)e−iux .dx + f (x)e−iux .dx + f (x)e−iux .dx
−∞ −1 1
Z −1 Z 1 Z ∞
⇒ F (u) = .0.−iux .dx + (1 − x 2 )e−iux .dx + .0.e−iux .dx
−∞ −1 1
Z 1
⇒ F (u) = 0 + (1 − x 2 )e−iux .dx + 0
−1

After completing this integration the result will be

2 −iu 2
⇒ F (u) = − (e + eiu ) − 3 (e−iu − eiu )
u2 iu

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Numerical Examples of Fourier Transform

4 4 4(sin u − u cos u)
⇒ F (u) = − cos u + 3 sin u =
u2 u u3
This is the fourier transform.
Second part: By the definition of inverse fourier transform we get
Z ∞
1
f (x) = F (u).eiux .du
2π −∞

1
Z ∞
4(sin u − u cos u) iux
⇒ .e .du = f (x)
2π
−∞ u3
Z ∞
1 − x 2 , |x| < 1

1 4(sin u − u cos u)
⇒ .(cos ux + i sin ux).du =
2π −∞ u 3 0, |x| > 1
Z ∞  π
(sin u − u cos u) (1 − x 2 ), |x| < 1
⇒ .(cos ux + i sin ux).du = 2
−∞ u 3 0, |x| > 1
Equating real part from both sides we have
∞ π
− x 2 ),

(sin u − u cos u)
Z
2
(1 |x| < 1
. cos ux.du =
−∞ u3 0, |x| > 1

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Numerical Examples of Fourier Transform

1
Set x = 2
and we find
Z ∞ sin u − u cos u u 3π
. cos .dx =
0 u3 2 16

Let u = x then ∞ sin x − x cos x x 3π

Z
. cos .dx =
0 x3 2 16
For this problem detail calculation has been skipped but you have to show the detail
calculation.

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Numerical Examples of Fourier Transform

Question: Solve the integral equation

Z ∞ 
1 − u, 0≤u<1
F (x) cos uxdx =
0 0, u>1

2
Hence deduce that 0∞ sint 2 t dt = π2
R

Solution: By the definition of the Fourier Cosine transform of F (x) the given integral
equation gives

1 − u, 0 ≤ u < 1
Fc (F (x)) = fc (u) =
0, u>1

Using the corresponding inverse Fourier cosine formula, we have

2
Z ∞
F (x) = fc (u) cos uxdu
π 0

2
Z 1 Z 1 
⇒ F (x) = fc (u) cos uxdu + fc (u) cos uxdu
π 0 0

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Numerical Examples of Fourier Transform

2
Z 1 Z 1 
⇒ F (x) = (1 − u) cos uxdu + 0. cos uxdu
π 0 0

2
Z 1 
⇒ F (x) = (1 − u) cos uxdu + 0
π 0

sin ux 1 2 1 sin ux
 
2
Z
⇒ F (x) = (1 − u) − du
π x 0 π 0 x

2 1 sin ux
Z
⇒ F (x) = 0 + du
π 0 x

2
Z 1 2 2 2(1 − cos x)
⇒ F (x) = sin uxdu = [(− cos ux)]10 = − 2 (cos x − 1) =
πx 0 πx 2 πx πx 2
2(1 − cos x)
∴ F (x) =
πx 2
which is the required solution.

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Numerical Examples of Fourier Transform

Second part: From the given integral equation we have

Z ∞ 
1 − u, 0≤u<1
F (x) cos uxdx =
0 0, u>1
Z ∞ 2(1 − cos x)

1 − u, 0≤u<1
⇒ cos uxdx =
0 πx 2 0, u>1
Letting u → 0 we get Z ∞ 2(1 − cos x)
dx = 1
0 πx 2
Z ∞ 2 sin2 x/2 π
⇒ =
0 x2 2
Putting x = 2t so that dx = 2dt then we have
Z ∞ 2 sin2 t π
.2dt =
0 4t 2 2
Z ∞ sin2 t π
∴ .dt =
0 t2 2
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Numerical Examples of Fourier Transform

Exercise:
Q.1 Find the fourier transform of F (X ) = e−|x| where x belongs to (−∞, ∞).
2
Q.2 Find the fourier cosine transform of F (X ) = e−x .

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