MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

KONSEP DASAR MIKROSKOPI

1. Sifat material sangat dipengaruhi oleh struktur mikro,

komposisi kimia dan cacat (defects)
2. Microscopy dimensions meliputi bentuk butiran dan
ukuran atau diameter butiran
Microscopy examination
sangat penting untuk
mempelajari struktur
Mikro dan karaktersitik dari
material
 KEGUNAAN PENGAMATAN STRUKTUR MIKRO

1. Untuk menganalisis sifat dan struktur mikro termasuk

cacat di dalam material
2. Untuk memprediksi sifat material
3. Untuk merancang paduan dengan kombinasi sifat baru
Struktur mikro: ukuran butiran dan bentuk butir

Figure 1: Low (100X) and high

(400X, magnification bar is 25
m)) magnification views of the
ferritic stainless steel specimen
(left and right), etched for 2
minutes at 1 V dc using aqueous
60% nitric acid. These two
images were used for the study.
 TEKNIK MIKROSKOPI

1. OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
2. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM)
3. TRANSMISSION ELECRON MICROSCOPY (TEM)
 OPTICAL MICROSCOPY

1. Sumber: cahaya
2. Prinsipnya gambar yang
dihasilkan merupakan hasil
pantulan cahaya
3. Hanya mengamati struktur
mikro pada permukaan
(logam, keramik, dan polimer)
4. Pembesaran gambar/foto
hanya terbatas sampai 2000X
5. Dikenal sebagai
“metallographic technique”
 TEKNIK METALOGRAFI

Struktur mikro → konfigurasi/distribusi

fasa padat yang dapat diamati
dengan teknik metalografi

Prosedur dalam teknik metalografi:

 SECTIONING
 MOUNTING
 GRINDING
 POLISHING
 ETCHING
 SAMPLE PREPARATION OF METALLOGRAPHY

It consists of following operations.

SECTIONING: Cut a small piece from parent
material by fracturing, hacksawing or abrasive
cutting.

MOUNTING: If sample is small, first it is mounted

before further operation. This can be done by
Mechanical Mount, Compression Mount, or Cold
Mount. In lab we will use Compression Mount.
 SAMPLE PREPARATION

GRINDING: Grinding is perform to make surface smooth.

POLISHING: Polishing produces mirror like surface. Polishing is the

process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or using a
chemical action, leaving a surface with a significant reflection.
Example Aluminum Oxide(0.5, 0.1, 0.05μ), larutan diamond, pasta gigi,
autosol.

ETCHING: A dilute acid is react with the surface of the sample. This
operation is called etching. After etching, the grain boundries are
visible in microscope.
 PENYIAPAN SAMPEL

Mikroskop optik Grinding & Polishing Machines

PENGAMPLASAN/GRINDING
ETCHING
DIAGRAM FASA Fe-C
 Fe3C-proeutektoid (sementit proeutektoid)
Baja, 0,38%C

Baja, 1,4%C
α-proeutektoid(ferit) α + Fe3C (perlit)
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Fig. 6. Typical SEM fractographs of Charpy impact samples

austempered by (a) 220° C 24 h, (b) 240°C 12 h
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

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