GRAMMAR 2 – WEEK 3

INSTRUCTOR: Nguyen Thuy Duong

1. Definition
1. Definition (cont.)
What do the following adverbs modify?
2. Formation

Adverbs formed in 2 main ways:

2. Formation (cont.)
2.1 Derivation
2. Formation (cont.)
◻ Other affixes include
◻ Examples?
2. Formation (cont.)

N.B.:
▪ Some words ending in –ly used as adj. and adv.

▪ Examples?
2. Formation (cont.)

N.B.:
▪ Some adjs. ending in –ly have no adverb form.

▪ Examples?
2. Formation (cont.)
N.B.:
▪ Adjs. with no adverb form use an adv. of same
meaning or an adv. phrase.
2. Formation (cont.)
N.B.:
▪ Some advs. have narrower meaning than their

corresponding adjs., or different from them.

2. Formation (cont.)
N.B.:
▪ Some adjs. have more than one corresponding adverb

form (mainly 2).

2. Formation (cont.)
N.B.: 2 adv. forms with diff. meaning:
2. Formation (cont.)
N.B.: 2 adv. forms with diff. meaning:
2. Formation (cont.)
N.B.: 2 adv. forms with diff. meaning:
2. Formation (cont.)
N.B.: 2 adv. forms with diff. meaning:
2. Formation (cont.)
N.B.: 2 adv. forms with diff. meaning:
2. Formation (cont.)
N.B.: 2 adv. forms with diff. meaning:
2. Formation (cont.)
Which one is correct?
2. Formation (cont.)
Identify the part of speech of “well” in the
following sentences:
2. Formation (cont.)
2.2 Special way
2. Formation (cont.)
2.2 Special way (cont.)
Is there any other way in which adverbs
can be formed?
2. Formation (cont.)
◻ Adverb is an open rather than closed class
◻
3. Classification
6 main types:

▪ Adverbs of manner

▪ Adverbs of place

▪ Adverbs of time
3. Classification (cont.)
What types of adverbs are those?
◻ He fought energetically against apartheid.

◻ If you wash your hair too often, it can get too dry.

◻ He went abroad to acquire dual citizenship.

◻ He will be here soon.

◻ Are the carrots cooked enough?

4. Functions
Main function:
 4. Functions (cont.)
▪ Adjective or adverb? Clue: Functions
 4. Functions (cont.)
▪ Adjective or adverb? Clue: Functions
4. Functions (cont.)
Adjective or adverb? Clue: Functions
4. Positions
What are the positions of adverbs?
◻ As modifiers of different categories, adverb phrases
can occur in a variety of different positions.

◻ Does moving adverb phrases to different spots

change the meaning of the clause/sentence?
4. Positions (cont.)
◻ Evidently, someone forgot to close the door.

◻ He still believes the moon is made of green cheese.

4. Positions (cont.)
Correct or Incorrect?
◻ Someone forgot evidently to close the door.

◻ He believes the moon is made still of green cheese.

4. Positions (cont.)
◻ Evidently, someone forgot to close the door.
◻ He still believes the moon is made of green cheese.
If the adverb is removed from the sentence, is the sentence
still grammatically correct?

◻ She put the letter back.

If the adverb is removed from the sentence, is the sentence
still grammatically correct?

What is the function of the adverbs in the above

sentences?
4. Positions (cont.)
◻ An adjunct is an optional, or structurally
dispensable, part of a sentence, clause, or phrase
that, if removed or discarded, will not otherwise
affect the remainder of the sentence.
◻ An adverbial complement is an adverbial that is
required to complete the meaning of a verb, such
that if it is removed, it will yield an ungrammatical
sentence or an intrinsically different meaning of the
verb.
4. Positions (cont.)
◻ Correct or Incorrect?
4. Positions (cont.)
Can the adverbs in the following sentences be
removed without affecting the remainder of the
sentences?
5. Adverbial phrases
◻ An Adverbial phrase modifies a verb & plays the
role of an adverb.
◻ An Adverbial phrase describes manner, when,
where, or how something happens.
◻ E.g.: