UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA TERRITORIAL

“JOSÉ ANTONIO ANZOÁTEGUI”

ANACO- EDO. ANZOÁTEGUI

The parts of speech

Teacher: Bachiller:
Francis Bracho Francisco Guaicara C.I 25.434.150

Anaco, Abril 2020

 The parts of speech are basic types of words that English has. The parts of
speech are usually said to be: The noun, the verb, the adjectives, the adverbs,
the pronoun, the conjunction, the preposition, the interjection and finally the
article.

Noun: it is a word that names or designates people, animals, things, places,

feelings or ideas. It is very easy to recognize them. Just look around, all those
objects, people, animals and plants are nouns.
Example: Christina will go to the math course.

Classification of nouns:
 Common nouns. They refer to things in general that are not owned by
anyone and that do not refer to a specific member within a community.
That is, they serve to identify things, but in a generic way.

Example: I know an engineer who could solve the engine failure.

 Individual nouns: They name individual things or goals.

Example: The student failed the electricity test.

 Collective nouns: They name a set of objects or individuals, without

being a plural word.

Example: The measuring instrument kit is faulty.

 Concrete nouns: They name a material element, tangible and

perceptible with the senses.

Example: This engine could not be started.

 Abstract nouns: They name non-tangible elements, such as feelings,

emotions, or ideas.

Example: The assessment plan includes a practical test dedicated to

developing creativity.
 Verb: The verb is a type of word that expresses an action, movement,
existence, condition or state of a subject. The way to name verbs is through
their infinitive.
Within the sentence, the verbs constitute the nucleus of the predicate (since
they indicate the action carried out by the subject) and will be conjugated in a
certain way, verb tense, person and number.
Example: We failed to repair the generator.

Verb classification:
 Regular verbs: are those that keep their root and repeat the same
ending when conjugated.

Example: The generation plant has produced twice as much electricity

this year.

 Irregular verbs: Their conjugations deviate from that of the model verb
by changes in the stem, the ending or both parts, in one or more of its
verb forms.

Example: As an activity we had to read the electrical plans.

 Transistive verbs: Transitive verbs are verbs that admit the presence of
a direct object that complements the action described by the verb since
they are actions that pray on an object other than the subject.

Example: I still haven't prepared the notes for tomorrow's electrical

circuits workshop.

 Intransitive verbs: Intransitive verbs are those that cannot have a direct
complement, because the action cannot happen on something or
someone.

Example: I worked on the transistors report all weekend.

Prepositions: are links with subordinate function. The union is carried out
with one or more words. The meaning given by the prepositions responds to
circumstances of movement, place, time, mode, cause, possession, belonging,
matter and origin.
Example: I left my electrical workshop notes on the couch.
Adverb: It is a word whose function is to modify the verb, another adverb or
an adjective so that it presents information of a circumstantial nature.

Adverb classification:
 Place adverbs: place adverbs are those adverbs that provide
information about the space in which the action of the verb takes place.

Example: The cables are inside that box.

 Adverbs of time: are those adverbs that provide information about the
moment in which the action of the verb is performed. They provide
chronological data to temporarily locate the action, which can happen in
the present, in the past or in the future.

Example: I still don't know if I pass the electrical machine test.

 Adverbs of way: They are those words that are used within a sentence
to explain the way in which the action was carried out. In short, they
answer the question "¿How?".

Adverbs of mode are words that have the function of complementing the
verb and thus offer greater clarity to the sentence.

Example: Easily pass the basic electronics exam.

 Adverbs of quantity: they are words that modify a verb, an adjective or

other adverbs that provide quantitative information, describe the
magnitude of the main verb.

Example: I study enough for tomorrow's electrical circuits workshop.

Article: The article is the word that accompanies the noun and always goes
before it. It is the word that always works as a determinant or identifier of the
noun, that is, it indicates whether the noun is known or not, and indicates the
gender (feminine or masculine) and the number of the noun (singular or plural).

Article classification:
  Determining articles: The (masculine singular), the (feminine singular),
the (masculine plural), the (feminine plural).

 Indeterminate articles: One or one (masculine singular), one (feminine

singular), ones (masculine plural), ones (feminine plural).

 Unchanging articles: Lo, al (contraction of “a” + “el”), del (contraction of

“de” + “el”).

Examples: The emergency lamp has a short circuit.

The most common uses of coal are the production of electricity.

Conjunctions: Are those words that are used to join words in a sentence or
sentences with each other.
Example: The transformer allows to increase or decrease the voltage.

Conjunctions can be separated into two large groups:

Coordinators: They link sentences or words that are of the same syntactic
category, without establishing an order of importance between them. Within the
coordinating conjunctions the following types are identified:

 Disjunctive: They express the alternation between the linked options: o,

u. They can be inclusive, if both options can be valid.

 Copulative: They express the sum or accumulation of homogeneous

elements: and, or.

 Distributive: They are used to express alternation.

 Adversative: They put forward two propositions for one to correct the
other.

Subordinates: They determine an order of hierarchy between the sentences

or words that unite. The elements that unite are of a different syntactic category
and one is subordinate to the other. They may be:
  Causal: They convey the reason or cause stated in the main sentence.

 Conditionals: They express a condition so that what is said in the main

sentence is fulfilled.

 Comparatives: They make a comparison between two statements.

 Consecutive: They express the consequences that exist between one

proposition and another.

Adjectives: are the words that complement the noun by providing more
information about it, pointing out general qualities or detailing a particular
characteristic that is inherent in it.
Example: This will be the first presentation of the electric distribution project.

Types of adjectives:
 Demonstrative: They indicate distance or relationship with the noun.

Example: This is the appropriate cable for that installation.

 Possessive: They indicate belonging.

Example: My tester does not turn on.

 Indefinite: They indicate an indefinite quantity.

Example: Electrical engineering is too complex

 Qualifying: They indicate qualities, states and characteristics.

Example: The load to be fed is larger than that generated by the power
plant.

 Demonym: They indicate the origin.

Example: The new turbogenerator of the shed is American brand.

 Numerals: They indicate quantity.

 Example: For the new control panel you need twice as much protection
as before.
Interjection: It is an unusual type of word, because it is often used alone.
Interjections are words that express emotion, surprise, greeting or welcome and
are usually followed by exclamation marks.
Example: ¡Perfect!

Types of interjections:
 Own interjections: They are individual words that can only be used as
interjections.

Example: ¡Ah! / ¡Whoops! / ¿Eh?

 Improper interjections: They are adverbs, verbs, adjectives or nouns

that are used as interjections.

Example: ¡Be careful! / ¡No! / ¡Bravo! / ¡Arre!

 Interjective phrases: They are expressions made up of two or more

words that are used as interjections.

Example: ¡OMG! / ¡Holy God!

 Expressive: They express a feeling, opinion or sensation of the issuer.

Example: ¡Wow! / ¡Brilliant!

 Conative: They seek to attract the attention of the listener or modify their
behavior.

Example: ¡Hello! / ¡High!

 Exercises
Identifying nouns:
 Engine does not run.

 All students must pass the digital electronics exam.

 We need a generator and conductors to form a circuit.

Identifying verbs:
 The engineer designed the electrical distribution in blueprints.

 The machine axis rotates creating a magnetic field.

 The new lamps further illuminate the workshop.

Indentifying prepositions:
 The short circuit was caused by the collision of two loaded conductors.

 The thermomagnetic switch tripped when the current exceeded its

capacity.

 The installation will need several boards for better distribution of the
loads.

Indentifying adverb:
 That cable is poorly insulated.

 I read too much the penissi manual this weekend.

 Possibly the motor start capacitor is faulty.

Indentifying articles:
 I have relays in the toolbox.

 The power outage affected the protection of the measuring equipment.

 An engineer will be in charge of the load study.

Identifying conjunctions:
 The plant has to start producing energy as soon as possible.

 So that device to work, it must be supplied with the correct voltage.

 The circuit will not connect until the voltage is not nominal.

Indentifying adjectives:
 The first cable is connected in parallel with the coil.

 You must be careful when working with high voltage.

 One of the connection cables is hot

Indentifying interjection:
 ¡Hey! are you the new electricity intern?

 I was connecting a transformer and suddenly ¡BOMM! made a false

contact.

 ! Be careful ¡, don't go near that generator while it's on.