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Excel Formulas 500: Countifs Date
Excel Formulas 500: Countifs Date
Sum
3D sum multiple worksheets
SUM
Subtotal by color
SUMIF
Sum by group
SUMIF
Sum by month
SUMIFSEOMONTH
Sum by week
SUMIFS
Sum by weekday
SUMPRODUCTWEEKDAY
Sum if between
SUMIFS
Sum if by year
SUMIFSDATE
SUMPRODUCT with IF
SUMPRODUCT
Average
Average and ignore errors
AVERAGEIFAGGREGATE
Average by month
AVERAGEIFSEOMONTH
Average numbers
AVERAGE
Weighted average
SUMPRODUCTSUM
Dynamic array
Basic filter example
FILTER
Distinct values
UNIQUE
Filter by date
FILTERMONTH
Sequence of days
SEQUENCEWORKDAY.INTL
Sequence of months
SEQUENCEEDATEEOMONTH
Sequence of times
SEQUENCETIME
Sequence of years
SEQUENCEYEARMONTHDAY
Sort by random
SORTBYRANDARRAYCOUNTA
Unique values
UNIQUE
Maximum value
MAXMAXIFS
Maximum value if
MAXIFMAXIFS
Minimum value
MIN
Minimum value if
MINIFMINIFS
Lookup
Approximate match with multiple criteria
INDEXMATCHIF
Self-contained VLOOKUP
VLOOKUP
VLOOKUP by date
VLOOKUP
XLOOKUP case-sensitive
XLOOKUPEXACT
If
If cell begins with x, y, or z
SUMCOUNTIF
If cell contains
IF
If cell equals
IF
If cell is blank
IFISBLANK
If cell is x or y and z
IFORAND
If else
IF
IF with wildcards
IF
Return blank if
IFISBLANKCOUNTBLANK
Grouping
Categorize text with keywords
INDEXMATCHISNUMBERSEARCHXLOOKUP
Conditional formatting
Highlight 3 smallest values with criteria
SMALLAND
Gantt chart
AND
Data validation
Data validation allow numbers only
ISNUMBER
Rank
Rank function example
RANK
Rank if formula
COUNTIFSRANK
Round
Get decimal part of a number
TRUNC
Round a number
ROUND
Round a number up
ROUNDUP
Round to nearest 5
MROUNDCEILINGFLOOR
Date is workday
WORKDAYWORKDAY.INTL
Days in month
DAYEOMONTH
Last n days
ANDTODAY
Last n months
ANDTODAYEOMONTH
Last n weeks
ANDTODAYWEEKDAY
Date series
Series of dates by custom days
WORKDAY.INTL
Text
Abbreviate names or words
TEXTJOINMIDROWCODELENINDIRECT
Extract substring
MID
Normalize text
SUBSTITUTETRIMLOWER
Financial
Annual compound interest schedule
FV
Workbook
Dynamic workbook reference
INDIRECT
Internet
Create email address from name
LEFTLOWER
Names
Get first name from name
LEFTFIND
Percentage
Calculate percent variance
ABS
Decrease by percentage
Get amount with percentage
Get original number from percent change
Get original price from percentage discount
Get percent change
Get percentage discount
Get percentage of total
Get profit margin percentage
Get total from percentage
Increase by percentage
Percent of goal
Percent of students absent
Percent sold
Project complete percentage
COUNTA
Random
Random date between two dates
RANDBETWEENWORKDAY
Range
Address of first cell in range
ADDRESSROWCOLUMNCELL
Last n rows
ROWROWSINDEX
Tables
Average last N values in a table
INDEXAVERAGEROWS
Percentile IF in table
PERCENTILE
Errors
How to fix a circular reference error
How to fix the #### (hashtag) error
How to fix the #DIV/0! error
IFERRORISERRORERROR.TYPE
Miscellaneous
Abbreviate state names
VLOOKUPINDEXMATCH
Customer is new
COUNTIFS
Converts a serial
number to a day of the
DAY =DAY(serial_number) month
Converts a serial
HOUR =HOUR(serial_number) number to an hour
Converts a serial
MINUTE =MINUTE(serial_number) number to a minute
Converts a serial
MONTH =MONTH(serial_number) number to a month
Converts a serial
SECOND =SECOND(serial_number) number to a second
Converts a serial
YEAR =YEAR(serial_number) number to a year
Returns information
about the formatting,
location, or contents of a
CELL =CELL(info_type, [reference]) cell
Returns TRUE if the
ISBLANK =ISBLANK(value) value is blank
Returns a reference
INDIRECT =INDIRECT(ref_text,a1) indicated by a text value
=LOOKUP(lookup_value, array) Looks up values in a
LOOKUP – 2 types vector or array
Returns a reference
=OFFSET(reference,rows,cols,hei offset from a given
OFFSET ght,width) reference
=PRODUCT(number1,number2,
PRODUCT …) Multiplies its arguments
Returns a random
number between 0 and
RAND =RAND() 1
Returns a random
RANDBETWE number between the
EN =RANDBETWEEN(bottom,top) numbers you specify
Rounds a number to a
specified number of
ROUND =ROUND(number,num_digits) digits
Converts text to
LOWER =LOWER(text) lowercase
Converts text to
UPPER =UPPER(text) uppercase
Converts a serial
=WEEKDAY(serial_number, number to a day of the
WEEKDAY [return_type]) week
Converts a serial
number to a number
representing where the
=WEEKNUM(serial_number, week falls numerically
WEEKNUM [return_type]) with a year
Returns the
complementary error
ERFC =ERFC(x) function
Returns a number
corresponding to an
ERROR.TYPE =ERROR.TYPE(error_val) error type
Returns information
about the current
INFO =INFO(type_text) operating environment
Returns TRUE if the
value is any error value
ISERR =ISERR(value) except #N/A
Returns a value
N =N(value) converted to a number
Returns a number
indicating the data type
TYPE =TYPE(value) of a value
=CHOOSE(index_num,value1,val Chooses a value from a
CHOOSE ue2,…) list of values
Creates a shortcut or
jump that opens a
document stored on a
=HYPERLINK(link_location,friendl network server, an
HYPERLINK y_name) intranet, or the Internet
Rounds a number up to
EVEN =EVEN(number) the nearest even integer
Returns e raised to the
power of a given
EXP =EXP(number) number
Returns a number
rounded to the desired
MROUND =MROUND(number,multiple) multiple
Rounds a number up to
ODD =ODD(number) the nearest odd integer
Returns a positive
SQRT =SQRT(number) square root
Returns the sum of the
squares of the
SUMSQ =SUMSQ(number1,number2,…) arguments
Truncates a number to
TRUNC =TRUNC(number,num_digits) an integer
Removes all
nonprintable characters
CLEAN =CLEAN(text) from text
Formats a number as
=FIXED(number,decimals,no_co text with a fixed number
FIXED mmas) of decimals
Converts a text
VALUE =VALUE(text) argument to a number
FTEST =FTEST(array1,array2)
Estimates standard
deviation based on a
STDEV =STDEV(number1,number2,…) sample
Estimates variance
VAR =VAR(number1,number2,…) based on a sample
Calculates variance
based on the entire
VARP =VARP(number1,number2,…) population
Estimates variance
based on a sample from
selected database
DVAR =DVAR(database,field,criteria) entries
Calculates variance
based on the entire
population of selected
DVARP =DVARP(database,field,criteria) database entries
Returns the
complementary ERF
function integrated
ERFC.PRECISE =ERFC.PRECISE(X) between x and infinity
Returns a frequency
=FREQUENCY(data_array,bins_ar distribution as a vertical
FREQUENCY ray) array
Calculates standard
deviation based on the
STDEV.P =STDEV.P(number1,number2,…) entire population
Estimates standard
deviation based on a
STDEV.S =STDEV.S(number1,number2,…) sample
Estimates standard
deviation based on a
sample, including
numbers, text, and
STDEVA =STDEVA(value1,value2,…) logical values
Calculates standard
deviation based on the
entire population,
including numbers, text,
STDEVPA =STDEVPA(value1,value2,…) and logical values
Estimates variance
VAR.S =VAR.S(number1,number2,…) based on a sample
Estimates variance
based on a sample,
including numbers, text,
VARA =VARA(value1,value2,…) and logical values
Calculates variance
based on the entire
population, including
numbers, text, and
VARPA =VARPA(value1,value2,…) logical values
Changes full-width
(double-byte) English
letters or katakana
within a character string
to half-width (single-
ASC =ASC(text) byte) characters
Calculates variance
based on the entire
population, including
=WEIBULL(x,alpha,beta,cumulati numbers, text, and
WEIBULL ve) logical values
Converts a binary
BIN2DEC =BIN2DEC(number) number to decimal
Converts a binary
BIN2HEX =BIN2HEX(number,places) number to hexadecimal
Converts a binary
BIN2OCT =BIN2OCT(number,places) number to octal
Converts a decimal
DEC2BIN =DEC2BIN(number,places) number to binary
Converts a decimal
DEC2HEX =DEC2HEX(number,places) number to hexadecimal
Converts a decimal
DEC2OCT =DEC2OCT(number,places) number to octal
Converts a hexadecimal
HEX2BIN =HEX2BIN(number,places) number to binary
Converts a hexadecimal
HEX2DEC =HEX2DEC(number) number to decimal
Converts a hexadecimal
HEX2OCT =HEX2OCT(number,places) number to octal
Returns a complex
number raised to an
IMPOWER =IMPOWER(inumber,number) integer power
Converts an octal
OCT2DEC =OCT2DEC(number) number to decimal
Converts an octal
OCT2HEX =OCT2HEX(number,places) number to hexadecimal
Converts degrees to
RADIANS =RADIANS(angle) radians
Converts an arabic
numeral to roman, as
ROMAN =ROMAN(number,form) text
Converts a number to
text, using the ß (baht)
BAHTTEXT =BAHTTEXT(number) currency format
Returns a member or
tuple in a cube
hierarchy. Use to
validate that the
CUBEMEMBE =CUBEMEMBER(connection,me member or tuple exists
R mber_expression,caption) in the cube.
=ODDFPRICE(settlement,maturity,issue,first_coupon,rate,yld,redemption,frequency,basis)
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
364. ODDFYIELD
=ODDFYIELD(settlement,maturity,issue,first_coupon,rate,pr,redemption,frequency,basis)
Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period
365. ODDLPRICE
=ODDLPRICE(settlement,maturity,last_interest,rate,yld,redemption,frequency,basis)
Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period
366. ODDLYIELD
=ODDLYIELD(settlement,maturity,last_interest,rate,pr,redemption,frequency,basis)
Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period
367. PMT =PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type) Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
368. PPMT =PPMT(rate,per,nper,pv,fv,type) Returns the payment on the principal
for an investment for a given period
369. PRICE =PRICE(settlement,maturity,rate,yld,redemption,frequency,basis) Returns
the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
370. PRICEDISC =PRICEDISC(settlement,maturity,discount,redemption,basis) Returns
the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
371. PRICEMAT =PRICEMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,yld,basis) Returns the
price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity
372. RECEIVED =RECEIVED(settlement,maturity,investment,discount,basis) Returns
the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
373. TBILLEQ =TBILLEQ(settlement,maturity,discount) Returns the bond-equivalent
yield for a Treasury bill
374. TBILLPRICE =TBILLPRICE(settlement,maturity,discount) Returns the price per
$100 face value for a Treasury bill
375. TBILLYIELD =TBILLYIELD(settlement,maturity,pr) Returns the yield for a Treasury
bill
376. VDB =VDB(cost,salvage,life,start_period,end_period,factor,no_switch) Returns
the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method
377. XIRR =XIRR(values,dates,guess) Returns the internal rate of return for a
schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
378. XNPV =XNPV(rate,values,dates) Returns the net present value for a schedule of
cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
379. YIELDDISC =YIELDDISC(settlement,maturity,pr,redemption,basis) Returns the
annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill
380. YIELDMAT =YIELDMAT(settlement,maturity,issue,rate,pr,basis) Returns the
annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
381. ACOS =ACOS(number) Returns the arccosine of a number
382. ACOSH =ACOSH(number) Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number
383. ASIN =ASIN(number) Returns the arcsine of a number
384. ASINH =ASINH(number) Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
385. ATAN =ATAN(number) Returns the arctangent of a number
386. ATAN2 =ATAN2(x_num,y_num) Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
387. ATANH =ATANH(number) Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number
388. DEGREES =DEGREES(angle) Converts radians to degrees
389. MDETERM =MDETERM(array) Returns the matrix determinant of an array
390. MINVERSE =MINVERSE(array) Returns the matrix inverse of an array
391. MMULT=MMULT(array1,array2) Returns the matrix product of two arrays
392. RADIANS =RADIANS(angle) Converts degrees to radians
393. ROMAN =ROMAN(number,form) Converts an arabic numeral to roman,
as text
394. SQRTPI =SQRTPI(number) Returns the square root of (number * pi)
395. BAHTTEXT =BAHTTEXT(number) Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht)
currency format
396. CUBEKPIMEMBER =CUBEKPIMEMBER(connection,kpi_name,kpi_property,caption)
Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name, property, and measure, and displays
the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross
profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization’s performance.
397. CUBEMEMBER =CUBEMEMBER(connection,member_expression,caption) Returns
a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the
cube.
398. CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY
=CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY(connection,member_expression,property) Returns the
value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the
cube and to return the specified property for this member.
399. CUBERANKEDMEMBER
=CUBERANKEDMEMBER(connection,set_expression,rank,caption) Returns the
nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top
sales performer or top 10 students.
400. CUBESET =CUBESET(connection,set_expression,caption,sort_order,sort_by)
Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube
on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office Excel.
401. CUBESETCOUNT =CUBESETCOUNT(set) Returns the number of items in a set.
402. CUBEVALUE =CUBEVALUE(connection,member_expression1,…) Returns an
aggregated value from a cube.
Excel Functions
111. Engineering
112. BIN2DEC
113. Converts a binary number to decimal
114.number
115. BIN2HEX
116. Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
117.numberplaces
118. BIN2OCT
119. Converts a binary number to octal
120.numberplaces
121. BITAND
122. Returns a 'Bitwise And' of two numbers
123.number1number2
124. BITLSHIFT
125. Returns a number shifted left by some number of bits
126.numbershift_amount
127. BITOR
128. Returns a 'Bitwise Or' of two numbers
129.number1number2
130. BITRSHIFT
131. Returns a number shifted right by some number of bits
132.numbershift_amount
133. BITXOR
134. Returns a 'Bitwise Xor' of two numbers
135.number1number2
136. COMPLEX
137. Convert coefficients to complex number
138.real_numi_numsuffix
139. CONVERT
140. Convert measurement units
141.numberfrom_unitto_unit
142. DEC2BIN
143. Converts a decimal number to binary
144.numberplaces
145. DEC2HEX
146. Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
147.numberplaces
148. DEC2OCT
149. Converts a decimal number to octal
150.numberplaces
151. DELTA
152. Test two values are equal
153.number1number2
154. HEX2BIN
155. Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
156.numberplaces
157. HEX2DEC
158. Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal
159.number
160. HEX2OCT
161. Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
162.numberplaces
163. IMABS
164. Get absolute value of complex number
165.inumber
166. IMAGINARY
167. Get imaginary coefficient of complex number
168.inumber
169. IMPOWER
170. Raise complex number to given power
171.inumbernumber
172. IMPRODUCT
173. Get product of complex numbers
174.inumber1inumber2...
175. IMREAL
176. Get real coefficient of complex number
177.inumber
178. IMSUB
179. Get difference between two complex numbers
180.inumber1inumber2
181. IMSUM
182. Get sum of complex numbers
183.inumber1inumber2...
184. Financial
185. ACCRINT
186. Get accrued interest periodic
187.idfdsdrateparfreqbasiscalc
188. ACCRINTM
189. Get accrued interest at maturity
190.idsdrateparbasis
191. AMORDEGRC
192. Depreciation for accounting period coefficient
193.costpurchasefirstsalvageperiodratebasis
194. AMORLINC
195. Depreciation for accounting period
196.costpurchasefirstsalvageperiodratebasis
197. COUPDAYBS
198. Get days from coupon period to settlement date
199.settlementmaturityfrequencybasis
200. COUPDAYS
201. Get days in coupon period incl settlement date
202.settlementmaturityfrequencybasis
203. COUPDAYSNC
204. Get days from settlement date to next coupon date
205.settlementmaturityfrequencybasis
206. COUPNCD
207. Get next coupon date after settlement date
208.settlementmaturityfrequencybasis
209. COUPNUM
210. Get number of coupons payable
211.settlementmaturityfrequencybasis
212. COUPPCD
213. Get previous coupon date before settlement date
214.settlementmaturityfrequencybasis
215. CUMIPMT
216. Get cumulative interest paid on a loan
217.ratenperpvstart_periodend_periodtype
218. CUMPRINC
219. Get cumulative principal paid on a loan
220.ratenperpvstart_periodend_periodtype
221. DB
222. Depreciation - fixed-declining balance
223.costsalvagelifeperiodmonth
224. DDB
225. Depreciation - double-declining
226.costsalvagelifeperiodfactor
227. DISC
228. Get discount rate for a security
229.settlementmaturityprredemptionbasis
230. DOLLARDE
231. Convert dollar price as fraction to decimal
232.fractional_dollarfraction
233. DOLLARFR
234. Convert price to fractional notation
235.decimal_dollarfraction
236. DURATION
237. Get annual duration with periodic interest
238.settlementmaturitycouponyldfreqbasis
239. EFFECT
240. Get effective annual interest rate
241.nominal_ratenpery
242. FV
243. Get the future value of an investment
244.ratenperpmtpvtype
245. FVSCHEDULE
246. Get future value of principal compound interest
247.principalschedule
248. INTRATE
249. Get interest rate for fully invested security
250.settlementmaturityinvestmentredemptionbasis
251. IPMT
252. Get interest in given period
253.ratepernperpvfvtype
254. IRR
255. Calculate internal rate of return
256.valuesguess
257. ISPMT
258. Get interest paid for specific period
259.ratepernperpv
260. MDURATION
261. Get Macauley modified duration par value of $100
262.settlementmaturitycouponyldfreqbasis
263. MIRR
264. Calculate modified internal rate of return
265.valuesfinance_ratereinvest_rate
266. NOMINAL
267. Get annual nominal interest rate
268.effect_ratenpery
269. NPER
270. Get number of periods for loan or investment
271.ratepmtpvfvtype
272. NPV
273. Calculate net present value
274.ratevalue1value2...
275. ODDFPRICE
276. Get price per $100 odd first period
277.sdmdidfdrateyldredemfreqbasis
278. ODDFYIELD
279. Get yield security with odd first period
280.sdmdidfdrateprredemfreqbasis
281. ODDLPRICE
282. Get price per $100 face value with odd last period
283.sdmdidrateyldredemfreqbasis
284. ODDLYIELD
285. Get yield of security with odd last period
286.sdmdldrateprredemfreqbasis
287. PDURATION
288. Get periods required to reach given value
289.ratepvfv
290. PMT
291. Get the periodic payment for a loan
292.ratenperpvfvtype
293. PPMT
294. Get principal payment in given period
295.ratepernperpvfvtype
296. PRICE
297. Get price per $100 face value - periodic interest
298.sdmdrateyldredemptionfrequencybasis
299. PRICEDISC
300. Get price per $100 discounted security
301.sdmddiscountredemptionbasis
302. PRICEMAT
303. Get price per $100 interest at maturity
304.sdmdidrateyldbasis
305. PV
306. Get the present value of an investment
307.ratenperpmtfvtype
308. RATE
309. Get the interest rate per period of an annuity
310.nperpmtpvfvtypeguess
311. RECEIVED
312. Get amount received at maturity
313.settlementmaturityinvestmentdiscountbasis
314. RRI
315. Get equivalent interest rate for growth
316.nperpvfv
317. SLN
318. Depreciation - straight-line
319.costsalvagelife
320. SYD
321. Depreciation - sum-of-years
322.costsalvagelifeperiod
323. TBILLEQ
324. Get bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill
325.settlementmaturitydiscount
326. TBILLPRICE
327. Get price per $100 Treasury bill
328.settlementmaturitydiscount
329. TBILLYIELD
330. Get yield for a Treasury bill
331.settlementmaturityprice
332. VDB
333. Depreciation - double-declining variable
334.costsalvagelifestartendfactorno_switch
335. XIRR
336. Calculate internal rate of return for irregular cash flows
337.valuesdatesguess
338. XNPV
339. Calculate net present value for irregular cash flows
340.ratevaluesdates
341. YIELD
342. Get yield for security that pays periodic interest
343.sdmdrateprredemptionfrequencybasis
344. YIELDDISC
345. Get annual yield for discounted security
346.sdmdprredemptionbasis
347. YIELDMAT
348. Get annual yield of security interest at maturity
349.sdmdidrateprbasis
350. Information
351. CELL
352. Get information about a cell
353.info_typereference
354. ERROR.TYPE
355. Test for a specific error value
356.error_val
357. INFO
358. Get information about current environment
359.type_text
360. ISBLANK
361. Test if a cell is empty
362.value
363. ISERR
364. Test for any error but #N/A
365.value
366. ISERROR
367. Test for any error
368.value
369. ISEVEN
370. Test if a value is even
371.value
372. ISFORMULA
373. Test if cell contains a formula
374.reference
375. ISLOGICAL
376. Test if a value is logical
377.value
378. ISNA
379. Test for the #N/A error
380.value
381. ISNONTEXT
382. Test for a non-text value
383.value
384. ISNUMBER
385. Test for numeric value
386.value
387. ISODD
388. Test if a value is odd
389.value
390. ISREF
391. Test for a reference
392.value
393. ISTEXT
394. Test for a text value
395.value
396. N
397. Convert a value to a number
398.value
399. NA
400. Create an #N/A error
401. SHEET
402. Get sheet index number
403.value
404. SHEETS
405. Get number of sheets in a reference
406.reference
407. T
408. Filter text values only
409.value
410. TYPE
411. Get the type of value in a cell
412.value
413. Logical
414. AND
415. Test multiple conditions with AND
416.logical1logical2...
417. FALSE
418. Generate the logical value FALSE
419. IF
420. Test for a specific condition
421.logical_testvalue_if_truevalue_if_false
422. IFERROR
423. Trap and handle errors
424.valuevalue_if_error
425. IFNA
426. Trap and handle #N/A errors
427.valuevalue_if_na
428. IFS
429. Test multiple conditions, return first true
430.test1value1test2, value2...
431. NOT
432. Reverse arguments or results
433.logical
434. OR
435. Test multiple conditions with OR
436.logical1logical2...
437. SWITCH
438. Match multiple values, return first match
439.expressionval1/result1val2/result2...default
440. TRUE
441. Generate the logical value TRUE
442. XOR
443. Perform exclusive OR
444.logical1logical2...
503. Math
504. ABS
505. Find the absolute value of a number
506.number
507. ACOS
508. Get the angle of a cosine value
509.number
510. AGGREGATE
511. Return aggregate calculation
512.function_numoptionsref1ref2
513. ARABIC
514. Converts a Roman numerals to an Arabic numerals
515.roman_text
516. ASIN
517. Get the angle of a triangle.
518.number
519. ATAN
520. Get arctangent of a number
521.number
522. ATAN2
523. Get arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
524.x_numy_num
525. BASE
526. Convert number to another base.
527.numberradixmin_length
528. CEILING
529. Round a number up to nearest multiple
530.numbermultiple
531. CEILING.MATH
532. Round a number up to nearest multiple
533.numbersignificancemode
534. CEILING.PRECISE
535. Round a number up to nearest multiple
536.numbersignificance
537. COS
538. Get the cosine of an angle
539.number
540. COT
541. Get the cotangent of an angle.
542.number
543. CSC
544. Get cosecant of an angle
545.number
546. DECIMAL
547. Converts an alpha-numeric number to decimal
548.numberradix
549. DEGREES
550. Converts radians to degrees
551.angle
552. EVEN
553. Round a number up to the next even integer
554.number
555. EXP
556. Find the value of e raised to the power of a number
557.number
558. FACT
559. Find the factorial of a number
560.number
561. FACTDOUBLE
562. Get double factorial of a number
563.number
564. FLOOR
565. Round a number down to the nearest specified multiple
566.numbermultiple
567. FLOOR.MATH
568. Round number down to nearest multiple
569.numbersignificancemode
570. FLOOR.PRECISE
571. Round number down to nearest multiple
572.numbersignificance
573. GCD
574. Get the greatest common divisor of two or more numbers
575.number1number2...
576. INT
577. Get the integer part of a decimal by rounding down
578.number
579. LCM
580. Get the least common multiple or two or more numbers
581.number1number2...
582. LN
583. Get the natural logarithm of a number
584.number
585. LOG
586. Get the logarithm of a number
587.numberbase
588. LOG10
589. Get the base-10 logarithm of a number
590.number
591. MDETERM
592. Get matrix determinant of given array
593.array
594. MINVERSE
595. Get inverse matrix of array
596.array
597. MOD
598. Get the remainder from division
599.numberdivisor
600. MROUND
601. Round a number to the nearest specified multiple
602.numbermultiple
603. MUNIT
604. Return unit matrix for a given dimension
605.dimension
606. ODD
607. Round a number up to the next odd integer
608.number
609. PI
610. Get the value of π
611. POWER
612. Raise a number to a power
613.numberpower
614. PRODUCT
615. Get the product of supplied numbers
616.number1number2...
617. QUOTIENT
618. Returns the quotient without a remainder.
619.numeratordenominator
620. RADIANS
621. Converts degrees into radians
622.angle
623. RAND
624. Get a random number between 0 and 1
625. RANDBETWEEN
626. Get a random integer between two values
627.bottomtop
628. ROMAN
629. Converts numbers to Roman numerals
630.numberform
631. ROUND
632. Round a number to a given number of digits
633.numbernum_digits
634. ROUNDDOWN
635. Round down to given number of digits
636.numbernum_digits
637. ROUNDUP
638. Round a number up to a given number of digits
639.numbernum_digits
640. SEC
641. Get secant of an angle
642.number
643. SIGN
644. Get the sign of a number
645.number
646. SIN
647. Get the sine of an angle
648.number
649. SQRT
650. Find the positive square root of a number
651.number
652. SUBTOTAL
653. Get a subtotal in a list or database
654.function_numref1ref2...
655. SUM
656. Add numbers together
657.number1number2number3...
658. SUMIF
659. Sum numbers in a range that meet supplied criteria
660.rangecriteriasum_range
661. SUMIFS
662. Sum cells that match multiple criteria
663.sum_rangerange1criteria1range2criteria2...
664. SUMPRODUCT
665. Multiply, then sum arrays
666.array1array2...
667. TAN
668. Get the tangent of an angle
669.number
670. TRUNC
671. Truncate a number to a given precision
672.numbernum_digits
673. Statistical
674. AVEDEV
675. Get sum of squared deviations
676.number1number2...
677. AVERAGE
678. Get the average of a group of numbers
679.number1number2...
680. AVERAGEA
681. Get the average of a group of numbers and text
682.value1value2...
683. AVERAGEIF
684. Get the average of numbers that meet criteria
685.rangecriteriaaverage_range
686. AVERAGEIFS
687. Average cells that match multiple criteria
688.avg_rngrange1criteria1range2criteria2...
689. COMBIN
690. Get total number of combinations
691.numbernumber_chosen
692. COUNT
693. Count numbers
694.value1value2...
695. COUNTA
696. Count the number of non-blank cells
697.value1value2...
698. COUNTBLANK
699. Count cells that are blank
700.range
701. COUNTIF
702. Count cells that match criteria
703.rangecriteria
704. COUNTIFS
705. Count cells that match multiple criteria
706.range1criteria1range2criteria2...
707. DEVSQ
708. Get sum of squared deviations
709.number1number2...
710. FREQUENCY
711. Get the frequency of values in a data set
712.data_arraybins_array
713. GEOMEAN
714. Calculate geometric mean
715.number1number2...
716. HARMEAN
717. Calculate harmonic mean
718.number1number2...
719. LARGE
720. Get the nth largest value
721.arrayn
722. MAX
723. Get the largest value
724.number1number2...
725. MAXA
726. Return largest value.
727.value1value2...
728. MAXIFS
729. Get maximum value with criteria
730.max_rangerange1criteria1range2criteria2...
731. MEDIAN
732. Get the median of a group of numbers
733.number1number2...
734. MIN
735. Get the smallest value.
736.number1number2...
737. MINA
738. Return smallest value.
739.value1value2...
740. MINIFS
741. Get minimum value with criteria
742.min_rangerange1criteria1range2criteria2...
743. MODE
744. Get most frequently occurring number
745.number1number2...
746. MODE.MULT
747. Get most frequently occurring numbers
748.number1number2...
749. MODE.SNGL
750. Get most frequently occurring number
751.number1number2...
752. PERCENTILE
753. Get kth percentile
754.arrayk
755. PERCENTILE.EXC
756. Get kth percentile
757.arrayk
758. PERCENTILE.INC
759. Get kth percentile
760.arrayk
761. PERCENTRANK
762. Get percentile rank, inclusive
763.arrayxsignificance
764. PERCENTRANK.EXC
765. Get percentile rank, exclusive
766.arrayxsignificance
767. PERCENTRANK.INC
768. Get percentile rank, inclusive
769.arrayxsignificance
770. PERMUT
771. Get total number of permutations
772.numbernumber_chosen
773. QUARTILE
774. Get the quartile in a data set
775.arrayquart
776. QUARTILE.EXC
777. Get the quartile in a data set
778.arrayquart
779. QUARTILE.INC
780. Get the quartile in a data set
781.arrayquart
782. RANK
783. Rank a number against a range of numbers
784.numberarrayorder
785. RANK.AVG
786. Rank a number against a range of numbers
787.numberreforder
788. RANK.EQ
789. Rank a number against a range of numbers
790.numberreforder
791. SMALL
792. Get the nth smallest value
793.arrayn
794. STANDARDIZE
795. Calculate a normalized value (z-score)
796.xmeanstandard_dev
797. STDEV
798. Get the standard deviation in a sample
799.number1number2...
800. STDEV.P
801. Get standard deviation of population
802.number1number2...
803. STDEV.S
804. Get the standard deviation in a sample
805.number1number2...
806. STDEVA
807. Get standard deviation in a sample
808.number1number2...
809. STDEVP
810. Get standard deviation of population
811.number1number2...
812. STDEVPA
813. Get standard deviation for a population
814.number1number2...
815. TRIMMEAN
816. Calculate mean excluding outliers
817.arraypercent
818. VAR
819. Get variation of a sample
820.number1number2...
821. VAR.P
822. Get variation of population
823.number1number2...
824. VAR.S
825. Get variation of a sample
826.number1number2...
827. VARA
828. Get variation of a sample
829.number1number2...
830. VARP
831. Get variation of a population
832.number1number2...
833. VARPA
834. Get variation of a population
835.number1number2...
836. Text
837. CHAR
838. Get a character from a number
839.number
840. CLEAN
841. Strip non-printable characters from text
842.text
843. CODE
844. Get the code for a character
845.text
846. CONCAT
847. Join text values without delimiter
848.text1text2...
849. CONCATENATE
850. Join text together
851.text1text2text3...
852. DOLLAR
853. Convert a number to text in currency format
854.numberdecimals
855. EXACT
856. Compare two text strings
857.text1text2
858. FIND
859. Get the location of text in a string
860.find_textwithin_textstart_num
861. FIXED
862. Format number as text with fixed decimals
863.numberdecimalsno_commas
864. LEFT
865. Extract text from the left of a string
866.textnum_chars
867. LEN
868. Get the length of text.
869.text
870. LOWER
871. Convert text to lower case
872.text
873. MID
874. Extract text from inside a string
875.textstart_numnum_chars
876. NUMBERVALUE
877. Convert text to number with custom separators
878.textdecimal_separatorgroup_separator
879. PROPER
880. Capitalize the first letter in each word
881.text
882. REPLACE
883. Replace text based on location
884.old_textstart_numnum_charsnew_text
885. REPT
886. Repeat text as specified
887.textnumber_times
888. RIGHT
889. Extract text from the right of a string
890.textnum_chars
891. SEARCH
892. Get the location of text in a string
893.find_textwithin_textstart_num
894. SUBSTITUTE
895. Replace text based on content
896.textold_textnew_textinstance
897. TEXT
898. Convert a number to text in a number format
899.valueformat_text
900. TEXTJOIN
901. Join text values with a delimiter
902.delimiterignore_emptytext1text2...
903. TRIM
904. Remove extra spaces from text
905.text
906. UNICHAR
907. Get Unicode character by number
908.number
909. UNICODE
910. Get number from Unicode character
911.text
912. UPPER
913. Convert text to upper case
914.text
915. VALUE
916. Convert text to a number
917.text
918. Dynamic array
919. FILTER
920. Filters range with given criteria
921.arrayincludeif_empty
922. RANDARRAY
923. Get array of random numbers
924.rowscolumnsminmaxinteger
925. SEQUENCE
926. Get array of list of seuential numbers
927.rowscolumnsstartstep
928. SINGLE
929. Get single value with implicit intersection
930.value
931. SORT
932. Sorts range or array
933.arraysort_indexsort_orderby_col
934. SORTBY
935. Sorts range or array by column
936.arrayby_arraysort_orderarray/order...
937. UNIQUE
938. Extract unique values from range
939.arrayby_colexactly_once
940. XLOOKUP
941. Find values in range or table
942.lookuplookup_arrayreturn_arraynot_foundmatch_modesearch_mode
943. XMATCH
944. Lookup values in range or table
945.lookup_valuelookup_arraymatch_modesearch_mode
This guide describes important Excel functions. Click function names for more
information and detailed examples. We also have a large list of example
formulas, a more complete list of Excel functions, and video training. If you are new
to Excel formulas altogether, see this introduction.
Quick navigation
ABS, AGGREGATE, AND, AVERAGE, AVERAGEIF, AVERAGEIFS, CEILING,
CHAR, CHOOSE, CLEAN, CODE, COLUMN, COLUMNS, CONCAT, CONCATE
NATE, CONVERT, COUNT, COUNTA, COUNTBLANK, COUNTIF, COUNTIFS,
DATE, DATEDIF, DAY, EDATE, EOMONTH, EXACT, FIND, FLOOR, GETPIVO
TDATA, HLOOKUP, HOUR, HYPERLINK, IF, IFERROR, IFNA, IFS, INDEX, IN
DIRECT, INT, ISBLANK, ISERROR, ISEVEN, ISFORMULA, ISLOGICAL, ISNU
MBER, ISODD, ISTEXT, LARGE, LEFT, LEN, LOOKUP, LOWER, MATCH, MA
X, MAXIFS, MID, MIN, MINIFS, MINUTE, MOD, MODE, MONTH, MROUND,
NETWORKDAYS, NOT, NOW, OFFSET, OR, PROPER, RAND, RANDBETWEE
N, RANK, REPLACE, RIGHT, ROUND, ROUNDDOWN, ROUNDUP, ROW, RO
WS, SEARCH, SECOND, SMALL, SUBSTITUTE, SUBTOTAL, SUM, SUMIF, SU
MIFS, SUMPRODUCT, TEXT, TEXTJOIN, TIME, TODAY, TRANSPOSE, TRIM,
UPPER, VLOOKUP, WEEKDAY, WEEKNUM, WORKDAY, YEAR, YEARFRAC
Date and Time Functions
Excel provides many functions to work with dates and times.
NOW and TODAY
You can get the current date with the TODAY function and the current date and time
with the NOW Function. Technically, the NOW function returns the current date and
time, but you can format as time only, as seen below:
You can use the DAY, MONTH, and YEAR functions to disassemble any date into its
raw components, and the DATE function to put things back together again.
=DAY("14-Nov-2018") // returns 14
=MONTH("14-Nov-2018") // returns 11
=YEAR("14-Nov-2018") // returns 2018
=DATE(2018,11,14) // returns 14-Nov-2018
HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND, and TIME
Excel provides a set of parallel functions for times. You can use
the HOUR, MINUTE, and SECOND functions to extract pieces of a time, and you
can assemble a TIME from individual components with the TIME function.
=HOUR("10:30") // returns 10
=MINUTE("10:30") // returns 30
=SECOND("10:30") // returns 0
=TIME(10,30,0) // returns 10:30
DATEDIF and YEARFRAC
You can use the DATEDIF function to get time between dates in years, months, or
days. DATEDIF can also be configured to get total time in "normalized"
denominations, i.e. "2 years and 5 months and 27 days".
A common task with dates is to shift a date forward (or backward) by a given number
of months. You can use the EDATE and EOMONTH functions for this. EDATE
moves by month and retains the day. EOMONTH works the same way, but always
returns the last day of the month.
To figure out a date n working days in the future, you can use the WORKDAY
function. To calculate the number of workdays between two dates, you can
use NETWORKDAYS.
WORKDAY(start,n,holidays) // date n workdays in future
Video: How to calculate due dates with WORKDAY
NETWORKDAYS(start,end,holidays) // number of workdays between dates
Note: Both functions automatically skip weekends (Saturday and Sunday) and will
also skip holidays, if provided. If you need more flexibility on what days are
considered weekends, see the WORKDAY.INTL
function and NETWORKDAYS.INTL function.
WEEKDAY and WEEKNUM
To figure out the day of week from a date, Excel provides the WEEKDAY
function. WEEKDAY returns a number between 1-7 that indicates Sunday, Monday,
Tuesday, etc. Use the WEEKNUM function to get the week number in a given year.
=WEEKDAY(date) // returns a number 1-7
=WEEKNUM(date) // returns week number in year
Engineering
CONVERT
Most Engineering functions are pretty technical...you'll find a lot of functions for
complex numbers in this section. However, the CONVERT function is quite useful for
everyday unit conversions. You can use CONVERT to change units for distance,
weight, temperature, and much more.
=CONVERT(72,"F","C") // returns 22.2
Information Functions
ISBLANK, ISERROR, ISNUMBER, and ISFORMULA
The core of Excel's logical functions are the AND function, the OR function, and
the NOT function. In the screen below, each of these function is used to run a simple
test on the values in column B:
=AND(B5>3,B5<9)
=OR(B5=3,B5=9)
=NOT(B5=2)
Video: How to build logical formulas
Guide: 50 examples of formula criteria
IFERROR and IFNA
The IF function is one of the most used functions in Excel. In the screen below, IF
checks test scores and assigns "pass" or "fail":
Excel offers a number of functions to lookup and retrieve data. Most famous of all
is VLOOKUP:
=VLOOKUP(C5,$F$5:$G$7,2,TRUE)
More: 23 things to know about VLOOKUP.
HLOOKUP works like VLOOKUP, but expects data arranged horizontally:
=HLOOKUP(C5,$G$4:$I$5,2,TRUE)
INDEX and MATCH
=INDEX(C5:E12,MATCH(H4,B5:B12,0),MATCH(H5,C4:E4,0))
Both the INDEX function and the MATCH function are powerhouse functions that
turn up in all kinds of formulas.
More: How to use INDEX and MATCH
LOOKUP
The LOOKUP function has default behaviors that make it useful when solving certain
problems. LOOKUP assumes values are sorted in ascending order and always
performs an approximate match. When LOOKUP can't find a match, it will match the
next smallest value. In the example below we are using LOOKUP to find the last
entry in a column:
You can use the ROW function and COLUMN function to find row and column
numbers on a worksheet. Notice both ROW and COLUMN return values for
the current cell if no reference is supplied:
The row function also shows up often in advanced formulas that process data
with relative row numbers.
ROWS and COLUMNS
Note ROWS returns a count of data rows in a table, excluding the header row. By the
way, here are 23 things to know about Excel Tables.
HYPERLINK
You can use the HYPERLINK function to construct a link with a formula. Note
HYPERLINK lets you build both external links and internal links:
=HYPERLINK(C5,B5)
GETPIVOTDATA
=GETPIVOTDATA("Sales",$B$4,"Region",I6,"Product",I7)
CHOOSE
The CHOOSE function is handy any time you need to make a choice based on a
number:
=CHOOSE(2,"red","blue","green") // returns "blue"
Video: How to use the CHOOSE function
TRANSPOSE
{=TRANSPOSE(B4:C9)}
Note: TRANSPOSE is a formula and is therefore dynamic. If you just need to do a
one-time transpose operation, use Paste Special instead.
OFFSET
The OFFSET function is useful for all kinds of dynamic ranges. From a starting
location, it lets you specify row and column offsets, and also the final row and column
size. The result is a range that can be respond dynamically to changing conditions and
inputs. You can feed this range to other functions, as in the screen below, where
OFFSET builds a range that is fed to the SUM function:
=SUM(OFFSET(B4,1,I4,4,1)) // sum of Q3
INDIRECT
=INDIRECT(B5&"!A1") // =Sheet1!A1
The INDIRECT function is also used to "lock" references so they won't change, when
rows or columns are added or deleted. For more details, see linked examples at the
bottom of the INDIRECT function page.
Caution: both OFFSET and INDIRECT are volatile functions and can slow down
large or complicated spreadsheets.
STATISTICAL Functions
COUNT and COUNTA
=AVERAGE(F5:F12) // all
=AVERAGEIF(C5:C12,"red",F5:F12) // red only
=AVERAGEIFS(F5:F12,C5:C12,"red",D5:D12,"tx") // red and tx
MIN, MAX, LARGE, SMALL
You can find largest and smallest values with MAX and MIN, and nth largest and
smallest values with LARGE and SMALL. In the screen below, "data" is the named
range C5:C13, used in all formulas.
=MAX(data) // largest
=MIN(data) // smallest
=LARGE(data,1) // 1st largest
=LARGE(data,2) // 2nd largest
=LARGE(data,3) // 3rd largest
=SMALL(data,1) // 1st smallest
=SMALL(data,2) // 2nd smallest
=SMALL(data,3) // 3rd smallest
Video: How to find the nth smallest or largest value
MINIFS, MAXIFS
MODE
=MODE(B5:G5) // returns 1
RANK
The MOD function returns the remainder after division. This sounds boring and
geeky, but MOD turns up in all kinds of formulas, especially formulas that need to do
something "every nth time". In the screen below, you can see how MOD returns zero
every third number when the divisor is 3:
SUMPRODUCT
The SUMPRODUCT function is powerful and versatile tool when dealing with all
kinds data. You can use SUMPRODUCT to easily count and sum based on criteria,
and you can use it in elegant ways that just don't work with COUNTIFS and SUMIFS.
In the screen below, we are using SUMPRODUCT to count and sum orders in March.
See the SUMPRODUCT page for details and links to many examples.
=SUBTOTAL(3,B5:B14) // returns 7
=SUBTOTAL(9,F5:F14) // returns 9.54
AGGREGATE
TEXT Functions
LEFT, RIGHT, MID
The LEN function will return the length of a text string. LEN shows up in a lot of
formulas that count words or characters.
FIND, SEARCH
To look for specific text in a cell, use the FIND function or SEARCH function. These
functions return the numeric position of matching text, but SEARCH allows wildcards
and FIND is case-sensitive. Both functions will throw an error when text is not found,
so wrap in the ISNUMBER function to return TRUE or FALSE (example here).
To figure out the numeric code for a character, use the CODE function. To translate
the numeric code back to a character, use the CHAR function. In the example below,
CODE translates each character in column B to its corresponding code. In column F,
CHAR translates the code back to a character.
=CODE("a") // returns 97
=CHAR(97) // returns "a"
Video: How to use theCODE and CHAR functions
TRIM, CLEAN
To get rid of extra space in text, use the TRIM function. To remove line breaks
and other non-printing characters, use CLEAN.
New in Excel via Office 365 are CONCAT and TEXTJOIN. The CONCAT
function lets you concatenate (join) multiple values, including a range of values
without a delimiter. The TEXTJOIN function does the same thing, but allows you to
specify a delimiter and can also ignore empty values.
=TEXTJOIN(",",TRUE,B4:H4) // returns "red,blue,green,pink,black"
=CONCAT(B7:H7) // returns "8675309"
Excel also provides the CONCATENATE function, but it doesn't offer special
features. I would't bother with it and would instead concatenate directly with the
ampersand (&) character in a formula.
EXACT
Last but definitely not least is the TEXT function. The text function lets you apply
number formatting to numbers (including dates, times, etc.) as text. This is especially
useful when you need to embed a formatted number in a message, like "Sale ends on
[date]".
Abbreviate name and words Placeholder
Add business days to a date changing the days of the weekend Date - Add
or Subtract
Add days to a date excluding weekends and changing the days of the weekend Placeholder
Add working days to a date changing the days of the weekend Placeholder
HR Metrics
The average length of time that it takes for you to hire a new employee, from the time of the job posting
to their acceptance of an employment offer. You can calculate this by adding up the time for each
individual hire and dividing it by the number of new hires in a given period.
Cost per hire.
How much does it cost for you to hire a new employee? This includes things like the recruiter's time, the
possible cost of listing a job on a third-party site, time spent interviewing, etc.
Employee turnover.
Every business wants to have low employee turnover rates. If you are frequently losing employees and
having to hire new ones, there might be an issue with your hiring or staffing process. Pay close attention
to this number.
It is very easy to determine your revenue per employee. Just divide that company's total revenue for the
year by the number of employees that you have. You can also use this metric for individual
departments.
This metric may not be applicable to every business, but it is usually relevant for businesses that offer a
professional service like marketing agencies or legal firms. Not every employee will log hours that are
directly billable to a client, so employees should track their time to allow you to gauge this on an
individual basis. Essentially, the more billable hours per employee you have, the more revenue the
company is making.
Absenteeism.
Absenteeism is the amount of time that your employees are absent from work for any reason (vacation,
sick days, other). Metrics for absenteeism are given as a percentage of the total amount of available
working days.
Hiring, training and managing your workforce costs money. If you look at your HR expenditures for the
previous month or year and then factor in the number of employees on your payroll, you can determine
how much each employee costs on average for HR. This will allow you to make adjustments and lower
costs.
Employee engagement.
Employee engagement is one of the most difficult metrics to obtain because it cannot be found using
your financial records. You can issue company-wide surveys to your employees and ask questions rated
one to five about their experience working in the company. The results can be averaged to rate your
level of employee engagement.
In most situations, the success of a new employee has to do with the quality of their training. Still, that
training has a cost. You need to pay people to spend time training new employees, you may need to
supply them with equipment and materials, and they may need some time before they are ready to
work without assistance. Look at your training expenditures and the number of employees you've
trained to find out how much each new trainee is costing you.
Diversity/EEOC numbers.
The diversity of your workforce is more than an arbitrary number - it could be the key to your success.
Diversity includes race, ethnicity, job type and salary. If your business is required to file an EEO-1 report
with the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission, then you should already have access to these
metrics.
1. Annual Turnover
There is a famous American idiom that says, “people vote with their feet.” Places of
employment can be victims of this ideology. When people are unsatisfied, they are likely to
“vote” by leaving. That is why this statistic will give leaders a sense of how well their
company is doing in keeping individuals engaged enough to stay. This metric is usually
calculated by taking the number of employees who left within 12 months and dividing them
by the average actual number of employees during the same period. Some leaders will
compare this number to companies who are in a similar industry.
2. Turnover Cost
The cost of an employee does not disappear if they decide to leave. In fact, it may even
temporarily increase. Companies need to understand the value of keeping employees on staff
because there are several expenses associated with their departure. Leaders can crunch the
numbers by taking the total cost of separation and adding costs for vacancy, recruitment, and
training.
3. Tenure
Since we know high turnover can yield high cost, it is helpful for leaders to find out how long
workers are staying with the company. Many will probably already have a sense of this about
the turnover rate, but leaders may be surprised to see how long the majority of employees are
choosing to stay at the company. If rates are low, this can help facilitate a conversation with
HR about what may cause workers to want to leave so soon. Are there not enough
opportunities for promotion? Are salaries stagnant? Is a competitor stealing workers away?
Tenure is calculated by taking the average number of years of service across the whole
company. To get even more in-depth insight, leaders should take the tenure of various age
groups to see how the number changes. This can help leaders understand how generational
changes may be impacting the length of service at their organization.
4. Percent of Performance Goals Met or Exceeded
Are employees meeting or exceeding goals and objectives? If this number is high, then
kudos! If it is not, then leaders have to drill into the story behind the numbers to understand
what may be hindering employees. It could be outdated technology, a lack of clear
communication, bad hires, or a simple lack of motivation. This number will help leaders
work with HR to develop a plan to get performance numbers back on track. The formula for
this metric is taking the number of performance goals met or exceeded and dividing it by the
total number of company goals.
5. Engagement or Satisfaction Rating
This is one where leaders can hear directly from employees. HR can capture this metric by
taking the percent of employees engaged or satisfied overall. This statistic will likely tie in
with turnover, tenure, and percent of performance goals met or exceeded. If a large
percentage of employees are disengaged, this will spill into other areas that leaders need to be
aware of. Results will help leaders get a sense for how many initiatives they need to establish
to raise low engagement numbers.
6. Average Days Absent
How often are employees not showing up to work? What are the reasons they have to take
vacation or sick time? This information can be invaluable to leaders because it can reveal a
lot more information. Are there parents who need time off to deal with family obligations?
Are there employees who are juggling school and work? Leaders can work with these
individuals to develop work schedules that better accommodate them and can even suggest
remote work programs. Average days absent is calculated by taking an average of all
employee absent days.
7. Compensation or Benefit Revenue Ratio
How much is the company spending on salaries and benefits in relation to revenue? Can the
company sustain offering raises or a more detailed benefits package? These numbers will
give leaders a benchmark to know what they can offer to new and existing talent. Leaders can
take compensation or benefit costs and divide by total revenue to find the ratio.
8. HR Cost per Employee
For HR, this information can inform the strategy of metric keeping. How much is HR
spending per employee? This calculation can include the software needed to keep the metric,
training and development, and programs. This number will help leaders calculate ROI as
well. Leaders and HR professionals can calculate this number by taking the total number of
HR costs and dividing it by the number of employees.
PART 3
5 Tips How to Use HR Analytics Effectively
We can discuss the various types of metrics human resource departments should
capture and talk about their importance. However, leaders and departments cannot
yield adequate results if they do not understand how to use this data in a practical
way that informs HR strategy. Here are some ideas that leaders can keep in mind
when using HR metrics to make well-informed decisions.
If the company’s mission is tied to customer service and innovation, then HR should establish
metrics that address these qualities. Leaders need to understand where they need to improve so they
can incorporate metrics that optimize business objectives.
2. Make Sure All Relevant Stakeholders Get the Information They Need
Some leaders may have different needs for specific information, but all stakeholders need to be
satisfied so they can make better business decisions. Even though the metrics are related to HR, the
finance department may need to be aware of costs per employee, and the operations department
might need absentee numbers to know how absences impact production.
As stated earlier, HR metrics are only part of the story. Combining performance data with personality
assessments can reveal common characteristics that are associated with high (or low) performance.
Data can even show if a salary increase was effective in increasing productivity. Leaders need to
understand how personnel decisions impact overall business activities.
Leaders have to become inquisitive about HR metrics and the reason why results may come out a
certain way. Why did the salary increase seem to have a limited impact on productivity? Why is
tenure low among workers ages 25 to 35? Why are workers leaving to go to a competitor? Asking
“why” does not always have to accompany a negative issue. Leaders should be equally concerned
about the reason for successes so they can make calculated strategies to keep the progress going.
Is cost per hire low, but turnover high? Is work-life balance a significant reason for dissatisfaction
even though profit may be high? Leaders have to decide how important these factors are to their
business and determine how they want employees to interact with the organization. To understand the
actions leaders should take to address these issues, they first have to decide what type of company
they want to be. If they have not established values or an informal culture, then this needs to happen
before taking a measured approach regarding personnel issues.
Human Resources is no longer a field that professionals can “feel” their way through. Leaders have
to encourage human resource professionals to understand the importance of data and strategy. It is
hard to improve what is not measured, and with so many factors impacting how and why workers
decide to stay with an organization, it is even more necessary to have metrics in place to understand
the complexities of a workforce.
Here is how ProsperForms solution helps:
How to use ProsperForms for regular status updates
1. Easily implement regular status updates for your team members by creating a status feed “How
did you contribute to the team’s goals this week?”.
2. No one forgets to fill in status updates because it sends automated reminders according to the
recurrence schedule you chose.
3. Provide guidance and feedback:
Each status update has a separate section for comments, which is used by team members to clarify
information and by leaders to provide guidance and feedback in context.
4. Use status updates for future reference and decrease time and efforts spent on monthly,
quarterly, and yearly reporting thanks to powerful filtering and export features.
5. Optionally, enrich reports with the latest updates automatically added from web apps your
team uses (such as project management tools, version control systems, support systems, financial
applications, CRM, etc.) by connecting these apps to your status feed.
6. Spend less time on meetings by making them more productive because everyone is on the same
page at all times.
7. Sharing: Status updates can be either
— exported to files and printed, or sent by email;
— shared with manager online; or
— shared online as company-wide or team-wide status reports, i.e., all team members share their
progress with each other.
5 Qualities that Make KPIs Effective and 5 Steps to Define a KPI [Business Metrics]
Business metrics are quantifiable measurements that are used to track, measure, and analyze the
impact of business processes.
Each stakeholder has a specific metric that is important to them, and leaders need to remember this
when putting parameters in place to gather data. Business metrics should address interactions and
engagement with various key stakeholders: investors, customers, and multiple types of employees.
It is difficult to improve what is not measured and a businesses’ dedication to measuring the impact
of the business processes will determine how successful it is in meeting goals and objectives. This
brings us to the importance of KPIs, and how business metrics cannot survive without them.
What are your strategic goals? What are those detailed metrics that get to the heart of a problem or
hypothesis? These are Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). KPIs are used to help managers, and their
teams assess how close they are to meeting a goal. They are vital in assisting companies to improve
on specific metrics that will, in turn, improve overall business processes. They are useful because
they allow managers and department leaders to drill down into particular data points that may be a
part of a more significant issue.
Instead of just addressing increased revenue growth as a whole, KPIs will instead look at a segment
of this goal. For example, revenue could be low, and the main problem could be poor customer
service which is driving customers away. A KPI could be the average hold time for customers who
are on the phone, or the percentage of times a customer service representative was able to solve the
problem without needing to refer it to someone else. Tracking these data points gives leaders a
glimpse into what can improve a lagging business performance metric. If revenue does increase, then
managers and leaders can always come back to these metrics to see their impact on customer service
satisfaction.
ProsperForms — Software for Effective Communication
PART 2
5 Main Qualities That Make KPIs Effective
There is a reason why KPIs are now a primary buzzword in most innovative workplaces. However,
they are not only helpful in theory, but they can take another organization to the next level if they are
implemented correctly. KPIs are most effective when they are:
Relevant
Those who need the results most are in charge of managing them. A marketing manager is going to
be concerned with web analytics, while an executive wants to know the ROI on overall business
metrics. The challenge of the leader is to get the right KPIs to the right people.
Strategically Aligned
KPIs are not useful if they do not align with overall business goals and objectives . What is the long-
term strategic plan? KPIs should address this. It does not make sense to measure data points that do
not have a direct impact on the overall goals of the business.
Realistic
Every company should challenge themselves, this is how change and innovation happen. However,
leaders need to make sure that KPI metrics are not impossible. If they are, then it can seriously hurt
morale or de-motivate employees. Companies have to strike the right balance between achievable and
reach. If goals are being met too quickly, then leaders should go back to the drawing board to figure
out how they can challenge departments.
A long list of KPIs will not do the trick. Leaders need only to measure what is crucial to a specific
department’s success. Many times, companies will only have three to five critical KPI measurements.
This ensures that only what is most important is measured. Too many KPIs can take attention away
from what needs to be the focus.
Predictive
One of the primary purposes of KPIs is to use the results to make projections about correlations.
KPIs “indicate” how specific important measurements are impacting broader business goals. These
results should help leaders make intelligent conjectures about what they can do to create better
outcomes.
PART 3
How to Define a KPI – 5 Steps
Some use KPIs and business metrics interchangeably, but they are markedly different. Business
metrics are typically used to track all areas of the business. It is a broad and general measurement.
KPIs are used to measure particular and critical areas of performance. There are specific ways that
leaders can help departments define KPIs.
Gather key leaders from each department and discuss problems and issues their departments are
facing. Connect these issues to overall business goals and objectives to begin the process of defining
KPIs.
To get a better idea of the problem in each department, have leaders conduct a SWOT
analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats).
Begin to decipher how the weaknesses and threats posed by each department impact essential business
topics like revenue or customer satisfaction. A great way to begin to define KPIs is by using the IPA
rule:A. Is the measurement important?
B. Does it have the potential to be improved?
C. Does the department have the authority to change this indicator?If all of these can be checked off,
then the proposed metric can be turned into a KPI.
Also, each KPI should be consistent and reliable enough to produce the same results over time. This
reliability will help leaders also predict based on a correlation between the projected KPIs and overall
business goals.
Use the findings to determine KPIs that align with business goals and overall strategy. They should
be defined as either overall business KPIs or departmental. Each will have a different impact on how the
organization tracks them and applies their results to overall business metrics.
PART 4
KPI and Business Metrics Best Practices
Ease the Concerns of Employees
For some, when leaders want to begin measuring progress, this can be an indicator of management
trying to weed out low-performing employees or those who are not a “fit.” Leaders need to be
transparent with employees about the need for KPIs and how this informs overall business metrics. It
is important to get employees comfortable with the idea of measurement, and how the results can
improve business workflows and make their jobs more effective. The goal is not to overwhelm
workers. This may be the first time they hear about metrics, and some may have never heard about
KPIs. Therefore, it is essential to open the lines of communication and discuss why this is necessary.
You do not watch a sports game without knowing the score in the upper right (or left) hand corner.
The same is true for KPIs. It is a good idea to have a daily scorecard visible in the office or on the
dashboard of a metrics software system that allows employees and leaders always to know where
their KPIs stand. This makes it easier to address low KPIs a lot sooner. Once workers see that
measurement is an integral part of business management, they will understand the importance of
taking continuous metrics. It will become a part of the business culture.
Don’t Copy KPIs, Pick the Right Ones for Your Purposes
It is easy to think that another company’s or department’s KPIs make sense for every business
processes. Some of them might, but leaders will never know what is best for their company if they do
not drill down and do their own analysis to see what makes sense to measure. Going through the
process of doing a SWOT analysis or constructing SMART goals will give insight into how the
company is performing. KPIs need to be specific to the company to address its own business goals.
KPIs will not do much good to overall business metrics if they are incorrect. Leaders should try to
decrease the impact of human error, and have the IT team regularly check all software that is used to
collect data to make sure that everything is working smoothly. This may seem like a no-brainer, but it
is easy for programs and coding to malfunction. Technology is not perfect. Therefore, it is critical for
leaders to always have processes in place to check for workers or software that is producing
inaccurate results.
What matters to them? Is the service or good provided meeting their needs? Leaders should listen to
customer satisfaction surveys, and see what customer are saying about the company on social media.
Yes, KPIs should address business needs, but they should also make the customer service process
even more satisfactory and efficient. Are clients receiving the messaging? Could response times be
better? This may be an excellent place to start to begin seeing where the company could improve.
Every department has an impact on the customer regardless of whether they directly interact with
them. Leaders need to remember this when they are designing KPIs and strategizing with
departments. The customer’s experience needs to be a priority and should inform the strategy for
selecting KPIs that impact business metrics.
1. AIHR_HR_Metrics_Cheat_sheet as pdf & https://www.analyticsinhr.com/blog/14-hr-metrics-
examples/
2.
This is the number of days between a position opening up and a candidate signing the job contract.
It’s an excellent way to measure the efficiency of the recruitment process and provides insight
Like the time to hire, the ‘cost per hire’ metric shows how much it costs the company to hire new
employees. This also serves as an indicator of the efficiency of the recruitment process.
This is arguably the most important metric to determine hiring success in a company.
This early leaver metric indicates whether there is a mismatch between the person and the company or
between the person and his/her position. Early turnover is also very expensive. It usually takes 6 to 12
months before employees have fully learned the ropes and reach their ‘Optimum Productivity Level’.
According to a 2014 Oxford Economics report, the lost output cost over this period averages £30,000
($43,700) for new hires.
4. Time since last promotion (avg time in months since last internal promotion)
This rather straightforward metric is useful in explaining why your high potentials leave.
This metric shows the efficiency of the organization as a whole. The ‘revenue per employee’ metric is an
indicator of the quality of hired employees. Check this Business Insider article to view how the top 12
tech companies in the world score on this metric.
The 9-box grid appears when measuring and mapping both an individual’s performance and potential in
three levels. This model shows which employees are underperformers, valued specialists, emerging
potentials or top talents. This metrics is great for differentiating between, for example, wanted and
unwanted turnover.
In another article, we wrote about the qualitative and quantitative ways to measure employee
performance. Metrics include Net Promoter Score, management by objectives, number of errors, 360-
degree feedback, forced ranking, etc.
This is the most concrete example of a performance measure, and it is especially relevant in professional
service firms (e.g. law and consultancy firms). Relating this kind of performance to employee
engagement or other input metrics makes for an interesting analysis. Benchmarking this metrics
between different departments and managers/partners can also provide valuable insights.
8. Engagement rating
An engaged workforce is a productive workforce. Engagement might be the most important ‘soft’ HR
outcome. People who like their job and who are proud of their company are generally more engaged,
even if the work environment is stressful and pressure is high. Engaged employees perform better and
are more likely to perceive stress as an exciting challenge, not as a burden. Additionally, team
engagement is an important metric for a team manager’s success.
Another measure that shows HR’s cost efficiency. An organization with fully developed analytical
capabilities should be able to have a smaller number of HR professionals do more.
A similar metric to the previous one. Again, a set of highly developed analytics capabilities will enable HR
to measure and predict the impact of HR policies. This will enable HR to be more efficient and reduce
the number of business partners.
This metric shows how many workers leave the company in a given year. When combined with, for
instance, a performance metric, the ‘turnover’ metric can track the difference in attrition in high and low
performers.
Preferably you would like to see low performers leave and high performers stay. This metric also
provides HR business partners with a great amount of information about the departments and functions
in which employees feel at home, and where in the organization they do not want to work. Additionally,
attrition could be a key metric in measuring a manager’s success.
This is a more complex metric. Effectiveness of, for instance, learning and development software are
measured in the number of active users, average time on the platform, session length, total time on
platform per user per month, screen flow, and software retention. These metrics enable HR to
determine what works for the employees and what does not.
14. Absenteeism (absence percentage)
Like turnover, absenteeism is also a strong indicator of dissatisfaction and a predictor of turnover. This
metric can give information to prevent this kind of leave, as long-term absence can be very costly. Again,
differences between individual managers and departments are very interesting indicators of (potential)
problems and bottlenecks.
As you can see there are a lot of different examples of HR metrics. While some metrics are easier to
implement than others, all of them provide insights into the workforce and HR. Combining these insights
will prove vital for making substantiated decisions with proven impact. In a recent blog, we wrote about
HR metrics related to employee retention, absenteeism, and learning & development effectiveness.
Because of the interest in this topic, we decided to create a course on strategic HR metrics. Check it out!
Before you start to work with HR metrics, it’s important to make sure you understand how metrics can
work for you. What are HR metrics?
Human Resource metrics are measurements that help you to track key areas in HR data. The most
important areas are listed below. In this list of HR metrics, we included the key HR metrics examples
associated with those areas.
Organizational performance
Turnover percentages
% of regretted loss
HR operations
Process optimization
Process optimization helps to analyze how we do what we do in Human Resource Management. The HR
metrics and analytics in this area focus on changes in HR efficiency and effectiveness over time. These
HR metrics and analytics are then used to re-engineer and reinvent what is happening in HR. This helps
to optimize the Human Resource delivery process. Process optimization metrics are next-level. They are
still very rare in modern organizations as they require a very high level of both data maturity and
analytics maturity.
Useful Links
https://www.guru99.com/vba-tutorial.html
VBA Code Excel Macro Examples Useful 100+ How Tos for Basic and Advanced Users:
https://analysistabs.com/excel-vba/codes-examples-macros-how-tos-most-useful-basics-advanced/
HR opensource: https://hros.co/templates
https://chandoo.org/wp/free-excel-templates-download/
https://chandoo.org/wp/figuring-out-employee-churn-with-power-query-hr-analytics/
https://chandoo.org/wp/excel-formula-list/