Patent Basic 1

Eng. Andrea Grimaldo

Innovation Management and New Product Development
Università Carlo Cattaneo (LIUC) - Castellanza (VA)
2019

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com IP basics
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 2
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 «Intellectual Property»
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Intellectual property are intellectual intangible results of the
creativity the human mind considered to be the property of its
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
creator.
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
Intellectual property rights are normally recognized and protected
mp@modiano.com under the corresponding fields of intellectual property law briefly
MILAN
by granting to owners exclusive rights.
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 3

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Why do we have to care about I.P. ?
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
• protects important assets from theft, exploitation or abuse
• identifies contributions by the Company/University or
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
inventors to the field
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
• secures monetary compensation for the Company/University
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
(and sometimes the inventor)
mp@modiano.com • sometimes all a Company/ University has to leverage is it’s IP
MILAN
• Can create a «virtue circle» by which an inventor (or company)
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
can pay back R&D efforts
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 4
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Other reason for protecting and using IPR
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
It is very difficult to license technology that is not protected.

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
Makes the technology available to the public and provides reward
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
for the creator.
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com IP is a marketable commodity that can be used to leverage
MILAN
additional research dollars and income to support the inventors
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
and the university, and help in the formation of new companies
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
and jobs.
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 5

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Main IP rights
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Trademarks
Patents
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
Utility Models
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
Industrial design rights
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
Trade secrets
mp@modiano.com Copyrights
MILAN
Plant varieties
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Supplementary protection certificates (pharma)
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
Database right
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
Mask works

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 6
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 A distinction between IPR
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Some IPR need an “active action by the creator to be protected
(TITLED RIGHTS):
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
Registered trademarks
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
Patents
mp@modiano.com Utility Models
MILAN
Registered Industrial Designs
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Plant Variety
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 7

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Some IPR does not need such an “active action, and they born
together with the creation (NON-TITLED RIGHTS):
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
Secret information (of technical and trade nature)
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
Geographical Indications
mp@modiano.com Non registered trademarks
MILAN
Non registered Industrial Design (ie. EC)
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 8
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
PRELIMINARY SUMMARY OF TITLED RIGHTS
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 9

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Patents
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Used for inventions, processes, machines, improvements, and
composition of matter in the technological field.
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
Does not apply to scientific principles, methods of doing business
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
or most naturally occurring articles.
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 10
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Definition: «Invention»
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Source Wikipedia:
An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
process.
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
It may be an improvement upon a machine or product, or a new
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
process for creating an object or a result.
mp@modiano.com An invention that achieves a completely unique function or result
MILAN
may be a radical breakthrough.
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Such works are novel and not obvious to others skilled in the
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
same field.
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 11

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Definition: «Invention»
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216 Source: Dictionary.com
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
in·ven·tion: noun
1.
LUGANO the act of inventing.
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano 2.
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 U.S. Patent Law
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com
a new, useful process, machine, improvement, etc., that did not exist
previously and that is recognized as the product of some unique intuition or
MILAN genius, as distinguished from ordinary mechanical skill or craftsmanship.
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan 3.
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777 anything invented or devised.
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
4.
the power or faculty of inventing, devising, or originating.
5.
an act or instance of creating or producing by exercise of the imagination,
www.modiano.com especially in art, music, etc.

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 12
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 EPC definition?
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 Art. 52(1) EPC
mjps@modiano.com
European patents shall be granted for any inventions, in all fields
LUGANO of technology, provided that they are
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano new,
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 involve an inventive step and
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com are susceptible of industrial application.
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 13

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Note
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 There is a really close link in this definition to the definition of an
mjps@modiano.com
“invention and its requirements in the IP field.
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 14
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Other examples
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 15

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Trademarks
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 Generally speaking :
mjps@modiano.com
a sign (word, name, symbol, device) on a good or relating to a
LUGANO service.
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 16
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Definition: trademark
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 Source Wikipedia
mjps@modiano.com
A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark is a distinctive sign or
LUGANO indicator used by an individual, business organization, or other
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano legal entity to identify for consumers that the products or
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 services on or with which the trademark appears originate from
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com a unique source, designated for a specific market, and to
distinguish its products or services from those of other entities.
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 17

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Definition: trademark
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 Source OAMI Regulations:
mjps@modiano.com
A Community trade mark may consist of any signs capable of
LUGANO being represented graphically, particularly words, including
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano personal names, designs, letters, numerals, the shape of goods or
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 of their packaging, provided that such signs are capable of
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from
those of other undertakings.
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 18
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Note
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 Again, there is a really close link definition of a “trademark
mjps@modiano.com
between common knowledge and in the IP field.
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 19

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Designs
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 An industrial design right is an intellectual property right that
mjps@modiano.com
protects the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian.
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano Consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color and
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com materials in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value.
Can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16 product, industrial commodity or handicraft.
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 20
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Plant Variety Certification
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 Used for plants that reproduce sexually making it illegal to sell
mjps@modiano.com
and propagate them commercially.
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano Development of a new plant cultivar or variety, either by
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 traditional breeding methods or by modern“ molecular
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com modification.
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16 The breeder may seek to obtain exclusive marketing rights for the
20123 - Milan
Italy new variety.
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 21

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Mask works
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 Layout designs (topographies) of integrated circuits.
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 22
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
FOCUS ON
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com PATENTS
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 23

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Patents
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
What is a Patent?
A right to exclude others from:
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1 making,
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
using,
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com offering for sale,
MILAN
selling
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
importing
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777 the patented invention.
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 24
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Where?
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Where the corresponding patent is in force
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1 National protection in the Country in which the patent
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
is in force
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Filing strategy is fundamental to obtain protection
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 25

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 How a patent is made?
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Is a text, sometimes accompanied by drawings.
Main parts:
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1 Description
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
Claims
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com Drawings (if any)
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 26
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Invention
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
GOOD definition for IP purposes
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1 «Technical Solution to a technical problem»
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com So called «problem-solution approach», basic for EPO
MILAN
practice
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777 This solution must be advantageus?
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com NO, not necessarly…it can also be an alternative to
known solutions

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 27

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Quid Pro Quo
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com sufficient (enabling) disclosure
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
VS
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
protection for 20 years from date of filing
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 28
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com Patents inhibit free exchange of information!
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
Is it really true??
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 29

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
in my opinion NO!
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
The patent laws require disclosure of the structure of
the invention, how to make and use it and preferably
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
the best mode of carrying out the invention.
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com
Patent applications became public 18 months after
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
filing.
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com An applicant is free to disclose the invention any time
after the application is filed without jeopardizing
patentability.
www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 30
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Point to be stressed
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com A patent must not, in any event, be seen as an
LUGANO
«authorization» to use, sell, produce, import the
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
invention!
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Other patents may exists!
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 31

Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Invention
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 The EPC does not define what is meant by "invention", but Art.
mjps@modiano.com
52(2) contains a non-exhaustive list of things which are not
LUGANO regarded as inventions.
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano It will be noted that the items on this list are all either abstract
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 (e.g. discoveries, scientific theories, etc.) and/or non technical
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com
(e.g. aesthetic creations or presentations of information).
In contrast to this, an "invention" within the meaning of Art. 52(1)
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
must be of both a concrete and a technical character (see IV,
20123 - Milan
Italy
1.2(ii)). It may be in any field of technology.
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 32
 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Exclusion from patentability (EP0)
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 Art. 52 EPC
mjps@modiano.com
(2) The following in particular shall not be regarded as inventions
LUGANO
within the meaning of paragraph 1:
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
(a) discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
methods;
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com
(b) aesthetic creations;
(c) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts,
MILAN playing games or doing business, and programs for computers;
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan (d) presentations of information.
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
(3) Paragraph 2 shall exclude the patentability of the subject-
matter or activities referred to therein only to the extent to which
a European patent application or European patent relates to such
subject-matter or activities as such.
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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Programs for computers
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 Programs for computers are a form of "computer-implemented
mjps@modiano.com
invention", an expression intended to cover claims which involve
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
computers, computer networks or other programmable apparatus
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland whereby prima facie one or more of the features of the claimed
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215 invention are realized by means of a program or programs.
mp@modiano.com
Such claims may e.g. take the form of a method of operating said
MILAN apparatus, the apparatus set up to execute the method, or,
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan following T 1173/97 (OJ 10/1999, 609), the program itself.
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777 Insofar as the scheme for examination is concerned, no
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com distinctions are made on the basis of the overall purpose of the
invention, i.e. whether it is intended to fill a business niche, to
provide some new entertainment, etc.

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Programs for computers
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
The basic patentability considerations in respect of claims for
computer programs are in principle the same as for other subject-
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
matter.
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland While "programs for computers" are included among the items
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215 listed in Art. 52(2), if the claimed subject-matter has a technical
mp@modiano.com
character it is not excluded from patentability by the provisions
MILAN of Art. 52(2) and (3).
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Programs for computers:
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
further technical effect
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

A further technical effect which lends technical character to a

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
computer program may be found e.g. in the control of an
CH-6900 - Lugano industrial process or in processing data which represent physical
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
entities or in the internal functioning of the computer itself or its
fax +41 91 922.9215 interfaces under the influence of the program and could, for
mp@modiano.com
example, affect the efficiency or security of a process, the
MILAN
management of computer resources required or the rate of data
Via Meravigli, 16 transfer in a communication link. As a consequence, a computer
20123 - Milan
Italy
program may be considered as an invention within the meaning
tel +39 02 8590.7777 of Art. 52(1) if the program has the potential to bring about,
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com when running on a computer, a further technical effect which
goes beyond the normal physical interactions between the
program and the computer.

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 KIND OF PATENTS
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
NATIONAL (IT, DE, US, RU etc)
REGIONAL (EPO, ARIPO etc)
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1 INTERNATIONAL (PCT: Patent Cooperation Treaty)
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 MOST COMMON WAY FOR OBTAINING A
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
PATENT
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland APPLICATION
tel +41 91 922.9214 FILING EXAMINATION RENEWAL END
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com
t
MILAN
PRIOR ART GRANT
Via Meravigli, 16 SEARCH
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com MAX 20 YEARS

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Requirements
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Art. 52EPC Patentable inventions
European patents shall be granted for any inventions,
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
in all fields of technology, provided that they are
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland new,
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com
involve an inventive step and are
susceptible of industrial application.
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 NOVELTY
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
NOVELTY
Art. 54(1) EPC
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1 An invention is considered to be new if it does not
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
form part of the state of the art.
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com …
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 INVENTIVE STEP
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
INVENTIVE STEP:
ART.56EPC
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1 An invention is considered as involving an inventive
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
step if, having regard to the state of the art, it is not
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com obvious to a person skilled in the art.
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 State of the art
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com Art. 54(2) EPC
LUGANO
The state of the art shall be held to comprise
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano everything made available to the public by means of a
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
written or oral description, by use, or in any other
mp@modiano.com
way, before the date of filing of the European patent
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
application.
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 State of the art
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com The width of this definition should be noted.
LUGANO
There are no restrictions whatever as to the
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano geographical location where or
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215 the language or
mp@modiano.com

manner in which the relevant information was made

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
available to the public;
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
also no age limit is stipulated for the documents or
info@modiano.com
other sources of the information.

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 State of the art
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com A written description, i.e. a document, should be
LUGANO
regarded as made available to the public if, at the
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
relevant date, it was possible for members of the
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 public to gain knowledge of the content of the
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com document and there was no bar of confidentiality
MILAN restricting the use or dissemination of such knowledge.
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Enabling disclosures
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com Subject-matter can only be regarded as having been
LUGANO
made available to the public, and therefore as
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
comprised in the state of the art pursuant to Art. 54(1),
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 if the information given to the skilled person is
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com sufficient to enable him, at the relevant date (see IV,
MILAN 9.3), to practise the technical teaching which is the
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
subject of the disclosure, taking into account also the
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
general knowledge at that time in the field to be
info@modiano.com
expected of him.

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Self anticipation
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com Own applicant disclosure is considered (when available
LUGANO
to the public) state of the art.
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215 So, file a patent application BEFORE your disclosure.
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan Only few Countries allows a «grace period» for the
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
inventor.
info@modiano.com

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 Exercise
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Company A find a new umbrella.
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Company A produces those umbrellas, and put them
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 on the market.
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN Afterwards company A file a patent application.

Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860 Any problem seen?
info@modiano.com

What, if company B wish to file a patent?

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 NOVELTY
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com An invention is considered to be new if it does not
LUGANO
form part of the state of the art.
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano It should be noted that in considering novelty (as
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
distinct from inventive step), it is not permissible to
mp@modiano.com
combine separate items of prior art together.
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16 It is also not permissible to combine separate items
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
belonging to different embodiments described in one
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
and the same document, unless such combination has
specifically been suggested.

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 INVENTIVE STEP
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com An invention is considered as involving an inventive
LUGANO
step if, having regard to the state of the art, it is not
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
obvious to a person skilled in the art.
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
Novelty and inventive step are different criteria.
mp@modiano.com
The question – "is there inventive step?" – only arises
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16 if the invention is novel.
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 INVENTIVE STEP: the «person skilled in the
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
art»
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO
The "person skilled in the art" should be presumed to
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano be a skilled practitioner in the relevant field, who is
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
possessed of average knowledge and ability and is
mp@modiano.com
aware of what was common general knowledge in the
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
art at the relevant date.
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 INVENTIVE STEP: obviousness
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809 The question to consider is whether before the filing or priority
mjps@modiano.com
date valid for a claim, having regard to the art known at the time,
LUGANO it would have been obvious to the person skilled in the art to
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
arrive at something falling within the terms of the claim.
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 If so, the claim is not allowable for lack of inventive step.
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com The term "obvious" means that which does not go beyond the
normal progress of technology but merely follows plainly or
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
logically from the prior art,
20123 - Milan
Italy i.e. something which does not involve the exercise of any skill or
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
ability beyond that to be expected of the person skilled in the
info@modiano.com art.

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 INVENTIVE STEP: problem&solution approach
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com In the problem-and-solution approach, there are three
LUGANO
main stages:
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano (i) determining the "closest prior art",
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215 (ii) establishing the "objective technical problem" to be
mp@modiano.com
solved, and
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
(iii) considering whether or not the claimed invention,
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
starting from the closest prior art and the objective
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com technical problem, would have been obvious to the
skilled person.

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 PRIORITY
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
It is possible to claim the priority of the first, prior
patent
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
application filed in one of the member states of the
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
Paris Convention within
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com 12 months running from the date of that first
application.
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
More than one priority is permitted.
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
A first application for a patent may be the basis for a
info@modiano.com priority claim when subsequent applications are filed
for the same invention in other states party to the Paris
Convention.
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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 EX. 1
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO
Invention disclosure
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 First application Second application
fax +41 91 922.9215 filed filed
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16 t
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
12 months

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 EX. 2
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO Invention disclosure

Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 First application Second application
fax +41 91 922.9215 filed
mp@modiano.com filed

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
t
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
12 months

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 EX. 3
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

Invention disclosure
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland First application Second application
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215 filed filed
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16 t
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com 12 months

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 Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 EX. 4
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

Invention disclosure
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
First application Second application
fax +41 91 922.9215 filed filed
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16 t
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com 12 months

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Patent Basic 1

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11 EX. 5
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO Invention disclosure

Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 First application Second application
fax +41 91 922.9215 filed
mp@modiano.com filed

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
t
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
12 months

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 MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1

Strategy
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
National patents
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
National application filed Country by Country
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
at the respective Intellectual Property Offices.
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com
Procedure up to grant -> see national provision
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16 In general:
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
Filing->examination->grant
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

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 MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
EPO regional Phase
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Filing -> examination -> grant -> validation
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland validations
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215 IT
mp@modiano.com

EP
MILAN FR
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777 DE
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
Filing examination grant ES

…
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MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
PCT (patent cooperation treaty)
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com PCT duration: 30/31 months from EARLIEST filing
(between priority or filing date)
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano National/regional phases
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
RU
mp@modiano.com
PCT
CN
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
EPO
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
Filing examination
US
(optional)

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 MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
Time is crucial!
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
Identifying a market should require time, how to take
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
time is a matter of filing and extension strategy
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com General guiding principles:
MILAN
- patent choices became less and less in time
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
- costs are (more or less) certain
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777 - future earnings are (normally) not certain
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 63

MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
Where to file?
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com
A patent is the right to -> where to file
exclude from:
LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214
fax +41 91 922.9215
Production file in competitors production site Countries
mp@modiano.com

MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
Put on the market, import, file
fax +39 02 863.860 use where the competitors are
info@modiano.com
where clients are
in potential marketing Countries

www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 64
 MUNICH
Thierschstrasse, 11
D-80538 - Munich
Germany
Costs/benefit
•Costs:
tel +49 89 221.216
fax +49 89 225.809
mjps@modiano.com

Draft and first filing

LUGANO
Via E. Bossi, 1
CH-6900 - Lugano
Extension cost
Switzerland
tel +41 91 922.9214 Examination cost
fax +41 91 922.9215
mp@modiano.com Renewal cost
MILAN
Via Meravigli, 16
20123 - Milan
Italy
tel +39 02 8590.7777
• Benefit:
fax +39 02 863.860
info@modiano.com
“monopoly”
product added value
Company value
intangible asset of the company
www.modiano.com

Strictly confidential - All rights reserved - No reproduction or diffusion without written authorization - Copyright by Eng. Andrea Grimaldo, 2015 65