CHANAK

YANATI
ONALL
AWUNI
VERS
ITY,
NYAYANAGAR,
MITHAPUR,
PATNA–
8
00001

“
TES
TAMENTARYS
UCCES
SION”
F
INALDRAF
TSUBMI
TTEDI
NTHEF
ULF
ILMENTOFTHEC
OURS
ETI
TLED–

“
FAMI
LYL
AW-
II’
’

S
UBMI
TTEDBY:
S
UBMI
TTEDTO:
NAME:K
UMARIDI
KSHAC
HANDRA
MRS
.POOJAS
RIVAS
AVA
C
OURS
E:B.
A.
,L
L.B(
Hon
s.
)
TEAC
HERAS
SOC
IATE
ROL
LNO:
193
0

S
EMES 4th
TER:

1
 DECL
ARATI
ONBYTHECANDI
DATE

Ih
ere
byd
ecl
aret
hatt
hewo
rkr
epo
rte
dint
heB.
A.
,LL
.B(
Hon
s.
)Pr
oje
ctRe
por
ten
tit
led
“
TES
TAMENTARYS
UCCES
SION”s
ubmi
tte
datC
han
aky
aNa
tio
nal
LawUn
ive
rsi
tyi
sana
uth
ent
ic
r
eco
rdo
fmywo
rkc
arr
iedo
utu
nde
rth
esu
per
vis
iono
fMs
.Po
ojaS
riv
ast
ava
.Ih
aven
ot
s
ubmi
tte
dth
iswo
rke
lse
whe
ref
ora
nyo
the
rde
gre
eord
ipl
oma
.Ia
mfu
ll
yre
spo
nsi
bl
efo
rth
e
c
ont
ent
sofmyPr
oje
ctRe
por
t.

S
IGNATUREOFC
ANDI
DATE

NAMEOFC
ANDI
DATE:
KUMARIDI
KSHAC
HANDRA

C
HANAK
YANATI
ONALL
AWUNI
VERS
ITY,
PATNA.

2
ACK
NOWL
EDGEMENT

Iwo
uldl
ik
etot
han
kmyf
acu
ltyMs
.Po
ojaS
riv
ast
ava
.Wh
oseg
uid
anc
ehe
lpe
dmeal
otwi
th
s
tru
ctu
rin
gmyp
roj
ect
.

Io
wet
hep
res
enta
cco
mpl
is
hme
nto
fmyp
roj
ectt
omyf
rie
nds
,wh
ohe
lpe
dmei
mme
nse
lywi
th
ma
ter
ial
sth
rou
gho
utt
hep
roj
ecta
ndwi
tho
utwh
omIc
oul
dn’
tha
vec
omp
let
edi
tint
hep
res
ent
wa
y.

THANKYOU,

NAME:
KUMARIDI
KSHAC
HANDRA

C
OURS
E:B.
A.
,L
L.B.
(Ho
ns.
)

ROL
LNO:
193
0

S TER–4th
EMES

3
I
NDEX

1
.INTRODUC
TION:

 AI
MSANDOBJEC
TIVES

 HYPOTHES
IS

 RES
EARC
HMETHODOL
OGY

 S
OURC
ESOFDATA

 L
IMI
TATI
ONSOFTHES
TUDY

2
.WI
LL:
MEANI
NGANDNEED

3
.TES
TAMENTARYS
UCC
ESS
IONUNDERHI
NDUANDMUS
LIML
AW

4.C
OMPARI
SONBETWEENHI
NDUANDMUS
LIML
AW

5
.CONC
LUS
IONANDS
UGGES
TIONS

BI
BLI
OGRAPHY

4
 1
.INTRODUCTI
ON:

Succ
essi
oninIndi
awa sear
li
erre g
u l
ate dbytheIndianSuc
cessi
onAct,
1865.
ThisActwa sbased
mainl
yonEngli
shl
a ws
,andsub
jectt ocertai
ne xcepti
ons
,cons
titu
tedthelawinforceinBrit
ish
Indi
a,appli
cabl
et oa l
lclas
seso ft esta
me nt
a r
ya ndintestat
es ucce
ssio
n.Howe ver,the
excepti
onsweresoextens
ive,t
h a
ta llnati
veso fIndi
awe r
ee xcl
udedthereunder
.So,in18
70,
theHind
uWi l
lsActwaspass
ed.ThisAc tprovi
dedthatcerta
inporti
onsoftheIndi
anSuccess
ion
Actwo ul
dapplytoallwil
lsandc odi
cilsmadeb yHindusals
o.Laterin1881
,thePr o
bat eand
Admini
strat
ionActwa spassed,andt hisActwa sa ls
oma deappli
cabl
et ob o
thHin d
u sand
Musli
ms.

TheIndi
anSuccess
ionAct,192
5,con
sol
idatedthee a
rli
erActof186
5,theHinduWil
lsAct,the
Prob
ateandAd mini
strat
ionActandalsotheParsiInt
esta
teSucc
essi
onAct.ThePreambleof
th
eAc tindi
catesthattheActisinte
nd e
dt ocon
soli
datethel
awa pp
lic
abl
et oin
test
a t
ea nd
te
stamentarysucc
essio
n.Toag rea
te xtent,i
te mbodi
estheru
leofEn g
li
shlaw.Asr e
g ar
ds
matter
sn o
tc o
veredb ythisAct
,HindusaregovernedbytheHind
uS uc
cess
ionAct,1
9 56and
Musl
imsbythei
rPe rs
onall
aw.

Thema jo
rit
yo fIndi
anscons
isti
ngo fHindu
s ,Budd
hist
,JainsandSikh
s,aregov
ernedinthe
matterofWill
sbytheInd
ianSuccess
ionAct,1925sub
jecttosomespec
ialp
rovi
si
onsprot
ecti
ng
thei
rp e
rsona
llaw.
Thesespeci
alprovi
sio
nsar enowinc
orpora
tedint
otheIndi
ansucc
essi
onAct
it
self
.S otheHind
ulawo fwill
si stobef ou n
da n
ds tud
iedu n
derthelawoftestament
ary
suc
cessi
onaslai
ddownintheInd
ianSucces
sionAct.

Ourdis
cus
sionwillremaininc
ompl
eteu n
les
sab ri
efr ef
erenc
eisma detothehi
sto
ryof
tes
tament
arysucce s
sion
.S ofarasHi ndulawisc onc
erned
,t h
eo ri
ginandgr
owthof
tes
tament
arypowe ramongHin
dusi
sf u
llofobs
cur
ity
.TheideaofWillwa
swholl
yun
kno
wnto
th
ea u
thor
softheDh armas
hast
rasan
dthecomment
atorswhos
eworkgaver
iset
othed
iff
ere
nt
sc
hool
sofHin
dulaw.

Theol
dHind
ujoin
tfamil
ysy
stemwascon
side
redinc
onsi
sten
twithanyc
onc
epti
ono
fd o
min
ion
ov
e rp
roper
tyandperh
apsthi
swasthereas
onwhyn oques
tio
noftest
ament
arypo
werofa
1
Hi
nducametob
ereco
gni
zedbythec
our
tsest
abli
she
dinBrit
ishI
ndi
a.

Inear
lytimest h
ef ami
lypropertywasvestedinth
ef amil
ya n
dt h
eme mber
so fthefamilyhad
onl
ytherightofu s
ufruc
t.Thatbe i
ngtheposi
tionnoin
divi
dualmembercoul
dc o
nceivetheidea
ofdis
posingofp r
opertybyaWi l
lthatwouldoper
a t
ea fterthedeat
ho fthee xec
u t
ant.But
the
rearet extsoftheHindulawg i
verswhi
chconta
inthea c
tualger
mo faWill,andwhichco
uld
2
hav
ed eve
lopedintoacompl
e t
el a
wr egul
ati
ngtestamenta
ryd i
spos
iti
on.Thesetexts,ho
we ve
r,
werenottakenadvanta
geoff ortheexerc
iseoftesta
me n
tarypower.
1
So
ora
maniDass
ev.De
naBandoMal
ic
k(1
857)
6MIA5 2
3(5
53)
2
BBMitr
a,In
dianS
ucc
ess
ionAct,
14t
hEdn.
P.7,
20-
21

5
TheHind
u sthou
gh tofma k
ingWi l
lsonl
ya fterthee s
tabl
is
hmentofBr i
tis
hrule.
Wil
lsmadeby
Hi
nduscamet ober e
c o
gnize
da sama tt
e rofco u
rsebytheEngl
ishla
wy er
sa s
soci
ate
dwi tht
he
su
perio
rc ou
rtsasJu dges
,AdvocatesandSoli
citors
.Theid
eaofma ki
ngWi l
lwasofspont
aneou
s
gr
owtha mongtheHi ndu
s.TherichHindusofC alc
uttaandotherPresi
dency-
townshadEngl
is
h
so
lic
ito
rsf o
rt h
eirlegaladv
ice,whosta
rt e
dp repari
ngWill
sforthos
eaffluen
tHindu
s.Thust
he
Hi
ndusimb i
bedt hei deaoft estamentaryd is
posit
ionfromt h
eEn gl
ishsoli
ci
tor
sa ndthe
l
egis
lati
vee nactmenta l
readyr e
ferredt o
.Th eideagradua
ll
ys prea
dt oa r
easoutsi
dethe
Pres
idency-
towns,andtoperso
nso th
erthanZa mind
ars.

TheHin
duS u
ccess
ionAc
tdeal
smai
nl
ywithI
nte
stateS
ucce
ssi
onandn
otwi
ll
s.Onl
ysec
tio
n30o
f
th
eHi nd
uS ucc
essi
onAct,1
956pr
ovi
desthecou
rseandpro
ced
ureofla
wa stoWil
lstob
e
fo
llo
wedb yHin
dus.

Musl
imsofIndi
aa regovernedbyt heIsl
amiclawofwill
s,ofSun
niandShiaSch
ools
,orbyloca
l
cu
stoms,
rela
tingtowill
s.Therul
e sofIsl
amiclawofwill
sappl
ic
abl
etot h
eMu sl
imsofIndi
aare
th
osederi
vedf ro
mt heclassi
calt e
xts.Thesourc
esf r
oma n
tiq
uityr
e g
ardin
gth ecus
tomsand
us
agesofthep re-
lsl
amicArabss eemt oestab
lis
ha b
undant
lythatt
e s
tamentarydi
sposi
tio
ns
wereno
tu n
knownamongth epag
a ntrib
esoft h
ep en
ins
ula.

UndertheIsl
amicLa
w,atestatorc
anno tbyat es
tamentarydis
posi
tiondepri
vehislawful
heirs
3
oftheirsha
reinthein
heri
tancenordi
s po
seo fmorethanonethir
do fhisesta
te.Ab eques
tto
anheirisundernocir
cumstan
cev al
id,thou
ghb eque
stinf avou
ro fan on-
heirisvali
dtot h
e
extentofat h
irdo
ft h
ee s
tateofthet es
tator,al
thou
ght hehei
rsofthet e
statormaynotgi
ve
thei
ra ss
enttheret
o.Ther
eh asbeenn oleg
isla
tivereformoft h
islawi nIndi
ana n
dn omajor
jud
iciald
ecis
ionun
derMusli
mlawofwi ll
scontai
nsanyelementofradic
alrefor
m.

C
hri
sti
ans,
Parsi
s,Jews,Hi
ndus
,Buddh
ist
s,Jai
nsandSi
khs,
f i
ndthe
irla
wofwil
lsal
mostwhol
ly
i
nthi
sAct,whi
leMusli
msaregover
nedbytheIsl
amicl
awo fwil
lsbuts
amep
roced
uralru
lesof
t
heInd
ianSuc
cess
ionAct192
5ma ybefol
lo
wedbythetest
ator.

S
ucces
sionisaderiva
tiveo fthewo rdsuc
ceed(toinh
erit)
andr efe
rst otheo r
de rinwhi
chorth
e
c
ondi
tio
nsu nderwhicho n
ep ersonaf t
eranothersucc
eedst oap ro
p erty
. Itimp l
iesth
ea cto
f
s
ucce
edingorf ol
lo
wing,aso fevents,obj
ects,
placesinas e
ries,th
et ransmissionorpass
ingo
f
r
igh
tsfromo netoanother.Ineverys y
stemoflawp rovi
si
onh astob ema defora readju
stmen
t
o
fthing
so rgoodsonth edeathoft hehumanbeingswhoown edande njo
ye dthem.Th er u
leso
f
s
ucce
ssio
na re,i
nmo dernsystemso flaw,su
bjecttoma n
yr ul
es.Therecanb en od o
ubt,
however
,
thattheser ul
esp rimaril
ya ret hec h
aract
er i
sti
cso fthes oci
a lconditi
onsi nwhichtha
t
i
ndi
vidu
allived.
Theyre pr
esentth eviewofsoci
e tyastowh atoughttob ethen ormalc
ourseo
f
s
ucce
ssio
nint her
ea dj
u st
me ntofp r
opertyafterthedeathofac i
tizen.

Bl
ack
’sL
awDic
tio
narydefi
nesi
nhe
rit
anc
eas“r
ece
ipto
fap
rop
ert
yfr
oma
nan
ces
toru
nde
rth
e
l
awsofi
nte
sta
cy”i.
e.“
byBeque
stord
evi
ce.
”

3
Ti
rmi
zi:
IbnMa
ja:
Rad
d-u
l-
Muh
tar
,Vo
lV,
P.6
39

6
“
thel
awofin
heri
tanc
ecompri
sesofr
ule
swh i
chgo
verndev
olut
ionofp
rop
erty
,onthede
atho
f
4
t
heper
son
,upo
nothe
rp e
rso
nssol
el
yonacco
untofth
eirr
elat
ions
hipwi
thth
eforme
r.”

S
ucc
ess
ionc
anb
eof2t
ype
s–t
est
atea
ndi
nte
sta
te.

In
testat
eS ucc
essi
onisusedtod e
no t
et h
elawsrel
atingtoin
heri
tanc
e.Th
ep r
ope
rtyofa
per
son,onhisorherdeath
,inabsenceofins
tru
cti
onsleftb
yh i
mo rhe
rwithre
spe
cttoit
s
devo
lut
ion,d
evolv
esinacc
ordanc
ewit hth
elawofintes
tatesuc
cess
iontowh
icht
hedec
eas
ed
wassubj
ecttoattheti
meorhisorherdea
th.

Testamentar
ys ucc
essio
no ntheo the
rh andr e
ferst od ev
olu
tionofp roper
tyt hroug
ha
testa
me ntoraWi l
l.AWi llthatiscapabl
eoft a
kingeffectinl
awg ove
rnssuccess
iontothe
propertyofap e
rsonafterh i
sorh e
rde at
hinaccor
dancewiththerul
eslaiddowninthelaws
gover
n i
ngtest
amentarysuccess
iontotheprop
ertyofap er
sontowhic
hheo rsh
ewa ssubj
ectat
thetimeofhisorherdeath.Div
e r
sit
yp re
vail
sinthela
wso ftest
amentarysucc
essi
ona l
so,
yet
itisn
o tasvar
iedasincaseoflawsofinher
itan
ceorinte
statesucc
essi
on.

S
ucc
e ss
ion,both‘
in
testate’and‘te
stame
ntar
y‘,undertheInd
ianmod
ernla
wisg ov
ern
e dby
5 6
I
ndi
anS ucces
sionAct,192
5.Th eActis
,merel
y,cons
oli
dat
ingandnotanamend
ingone.It
7
c
ons
o l
ida
te dandrep
ea l
edan u
mberofpri
orAct
s, a
nd,intu
rn,was
,al
so,
amend
edb yso
meo f
o
thersubs
e qu
entones
.

AI
MSANDOBJECTI
VES
:

1
. Theres
earc
herwil
lte
ndst
oan
aly
zet
her
ealmo
tiv
eofe
xis
ten
ceo
fte
sta
men
tar
y
su
cce
ssio
ninIn
dia
.

2
.Th eresea
rcherwillten
dstoana
lyz
ethatthelawoftes
tamen
tarysuc
cess
ionis
co
ncer
nedhowb e
stt h
eeffe
ctc
oul
dbegi
vent
ot h
ewis
heso
ft h
etest
ato
r.
(theper
son
whomadethewil
l)
.

HYPOTHES
IS:

4
Mu l
la,Hi
nduLaw(2 ),(
Butterworths
,NewDe l
hi
,2001)
,277
5
Itisthe39thActo f19 2
5.(Referennc
es)
6
Consol
idat
edl a
wsme ans‘
ac ompil
atio
nofall
thelawsofaStat
einfor
cearr
ang
eda
cco
rdi
ngt
osu
bje
ctma
tte
r.’
(
Bla c
k’sLa
wDi cti
ona ry,5t
hEd n.
,P.
2790
7
ThoseActsare:(1
) TheSuccessi
on(Prope
rtyProt
ectio
nAc t
)Act
xixo
f1841
(
2 )TheInd
ianS u
cces s
ionActxo f1865.
..
.
.
(
3 )
Th eParseesInt
e stateSuccessi
onActxxiof18
65
(4)TheHindusWi l
lsAc txxiof1870

7
 1
. Th
ere
sea
rch
erwi
ll
ten
dst
opr
esu
met
hatHi
ndus
ucc
ess
iona
ct1
956l
aysd
owno
nun
ifo
rm
l
awo
fsu
cce
ssi
onf
ora
llt
heh
ind
us.

2
.Th
ere
sea
rch
erwi
llt
end
stop
res
umet
hatt
heHi
ndus
ucc
ess
ionAc
t19
56b
ase
sit
sof
s
ucc
ess
ion.
ont
hep
rin
cip
leso
fpr
opi
nqu
ity
.

RES
EARCHMETHODOL
OGY:

Th
ere
sea
rch
erwi
ll
ber
ely
ingo
nDo
ctr
ina
lme
tho
dofr
ese
arc
htoc
omp
let
eth
epr
oje
ct.

S
OURCESOFDATA:

Th
ere
sea
rch
erwi
ll
ber
ely
ingo
nbo
thp
rima
rya
nds
eco
nda
rys
our
cest
oco
mpl
etet
hep
roj
ect
.

1
. Pr
ima
ryS
our
ce :
Act
san
dame
ndme
nts
.

2
.Se
con
dar
ySo
urc
es:
Boo
ks,
jud
gme
ntsa
ndwe
bsi
tes
.

L
IMI
TATI
ONSOFTHES
TUDY:

Th
ere
sea
rch
erh
asmo
net
arya
ndt
imel
imi
tat
ion
sinc
omp
let
ingt
hep
roj
ect
.Fu
rth
ere
mph
asi
s
wi
ll
beg
ive
ntowo
rko
nth
e“TES
TAMENTARYS
UCCES
SION”
.

2
.WI
LLS–MEANI
NGANDNEED

8
“
Thei
nst
inc
tsa
nda
ffe
cti
onso
fma
nki
nd,
int
hev
astma
jor
ityo
fin
sta
nce
s,WI
LLl
eadma
nto
ma
kep
rov
isi
onsf
ort
hos
ewh
oar
ene
are
stt
oth
emi
nki
ndr
eda
ndwh
oinl
ifeh
aveb
eent
he
o
bje
ctso
fth
eira
ffe
cti
ons
.”AWi
lli
sad
ocu
men
twh
iche
nsu
rest
haty
ourwi
she
swi
thr
esp
ect
t
oyo
ura
sse
tsa
ndp
rop
ert
yar
efo
ll
owe
daf
tery
ourd
eat
h.Th
ereo
fte
nar
ise
spr
obl
emsa
nd
c
omp
lic
ati
onswh
enap
ers
ond
ieswi
tho
utaWi
ll
.Awi
llo
rat
est
ame
nti
sad
ecl
ara
tio
noft
he
i
nte
nti
ono
fth
epe
rso
nma
kin
gitwi
thr
ega
rdt
oth
ema
tte
rswh
ichh
ewi
she
stot
akee
ffe
ct
u
pono
raf
terh
isd
eat
hwh
il
eac
odi
ci
lisad
ocu
men
twh
icha
lte
rsa
nyo
neo
rmo
rep
rov
isi
onsi
n
t
hewi
llo
rad
dsa
nyp
rov
isi
oni
nth
ewi
llo
rre
cti
fie
sth
emi
sta
kes
,ifa
ny,i
nth
ewi
ll
.Iti
s
s
upp
leme
nta
ltoa
ndc
ons
ide
reda
san
nexu
ret
oawi
llp
rev
iou
slyma
de.Th
eco
nce
pto
fwi
ll
s
e
man
ate
dfr
omt
her
igh
tofa
bso
lut
eown
ers
hipi
non
e'sp
rop
ert
y.Wh
enap
rop
ert
yho
lde
rdi
ed,
l
eav
ingh
eir
san
dnowi
ll
,i
tle
adt
oun
nec
ess
aryf
ami
lys
qua
bbl
es.
Wil
lsa
ndc
odi
ci
lsc
amet
oth
e
r
esc
uea
nda
ide
dinaf
aird
ist
rib
uti
ono
fpr
ope
rty
,asp
ert
hep
rer
oga
tiv
eoft
hee
xec
ute
rof
t
hewi
ll
.Wi
ll
swe
reame
diu
mtod
ist
rib
utet
hep
rop
ert
yac
qui
redb
yth
ete
sta
tori
nhi
sorh
er
l
ifet
hro
ughp
ers
ona
lpr
efe
ren
cesa
ndmi
nima
lin
ter
fer
enc
eofl
aw(
asi
nca
seo
fMu
sli
m
Pe
rso
nal
Lawwh
icha
ll
owso
nlyo
ne-
thi
rdo
fth
ete
sta
tor
'sp
rop
ert
ytob
edi
ves
tedt
hro
ughwi
ll
s)
.

S
.S.
2(h
)ofI
ndi
anS
ucc
ess
ionAc
t,1
925p
rov
ide
sth
atWi
llme
anst
hel
ega
lde
cla
rat
iono
fth
e
i
nte
nti
ono
fap
ers
onwi
thr
esp
ectt
ohi
spr
ope
rty
,wh
ichh
ede
sir
est
ota
kee
ffe
cta
fte
rhi
s
d
eat
hWi
llh
asb
eend
efi
nedi
nCo
rpu
sJu
risS
ecu
ndu
masA‘
Wil
l’i
sth
ele
gald
ecl
ara
tio
nofa
ma
n’si
nte
nti
on,wh
ichh
ewi
ll
stob
epe
rfo
rme
daf
terh
isd
eat
h,o
rani
nst
rume
ntb
ywh
icha
p
ers
onma
kesad
isp
osi
tio
nofh
isp
rop
ert
ytot
akee
ffe
cta
fte
rhi
sde
ath
.

Ap
ers
onc
ane
nsu
rea
stoh
owh
isp
rop
ert
ysh
oul
dde
vol
vea
ndt
owh
omi
tsh
all
dev
olv
e,a
fte
rhi
s
d
eat
h,t
hro
ughaWi
ll
.I
fap
ers
ond
ieswi
tho
utl
eav
ingb
ehi
ndh
isWi
ll
,hi
spr
ope
rtywo
uldd
evo
lve
b
ywa
yofl
awo
fin
tes
tat
esu
cce
ssi
ona
ndn
ott
est
ame
nta
rys
ucc
ess
ion(
i.
e.i
nac
cor
dan
cet
oth
e
Wi
ll
)He
nce
,iti
spr
efe
rab
let
hato
nes
hou
ldma
keaWi
llt
oen
sur
eth
ato
ne'
sac
tua
lin
ten
sio
nis
f
oll
owe
dan
dth
epr
ope
rtyi
sde
vol
veda
cco
rdi
ngl
y.Wi
lli
sani
mpo
rta
ntt
est
ame
nta
ry
i
nst
rume
ntt
hro
ughwh
ichat
est
ato
rca
ngi
vea
wayh
isp
rop
ert
yina
cco
rda
ncet
ohi
swi
she
s.

Th
eri
ghtt
oal
tert
hewi
ll
ata
nyp
oin
tti
meb
efo
ret
hee
xec
uti
onr
est
swi
tht
het
est
ato
r.Awi
ll
ma
ybeas
imp
lef
ormo
fexp
res
sio
n,o
rac
omp
lic
ate
ddi
spo
sit
ion
.Ine
ith
erc
ase
,th
ebe
nef
ici
ary
h
ast
opr
ovei
tbya
tte
sti
ngwi
tne
sse
s,r
emo
vin
gal
lsu
spi
ci
ousc
irc
ums
tan
cess
urr
oun
din
git
s
e
xec
uti
on.
Theo
nuso
fpr
ovi
ngt
hatt
hewi
lld
esi
gna
test
heb
ene
fic
iar
yast
het
rueh
eirt
oth
e

9
p
rop
ert
yiso
nhi
man
dha
stob
epr
ove
nbe
yon
ddo
ubt
.Th
erema
ybeo
the
rsu
spi
ci
ous
c
irc
ums
tan
cesa
tte
ndi
ngo
nth
eexe
cut
iono
fth
eWi
lla
nde
veni
nsu
chc
ase
siti
sth
edu
tyo
fth
e
p
rop
oun
dert
ore
mov
eal
lcl
oud
sofd
oub
tsa
nds
ati
sfyt
hec
ons
cie
nceo
fth
eco
urtt
hatt
he
i
nst
rume
ntp
rop
oun
ded
(th
ati
sth
ewi
ll
)ist
hel
astWi
llo
fth
ete
sta
tor
.Th
ees
sen
ceo
fev
ery
Wi
ll
ist
hati
tisr
evo
cab
led
uri
ngt
hel
if
eti
meo
fth
ete
sta
tor
.

AWi
llc
anb
ema
dea
tan
yti
mei
nth
eli
feo
fap
ers
on.
AWi
llc
anb
ech
ang
edan
umb
ero
fti
mes
a
ndt
her
ear
enol
ega
lre
str
ict
ion
sast
oth
enu
mbe
roft
ime
sitc
anb
ech
ang
ed.I
tca
nbe
wi
thd
rawna
tan
yti
med
uri
ngt
hel
ife
timeo
fth
epe
rso
nma
kin
gth
eWi
ll
.AWi
llh
ast
obe
a
tte
ste
dbyt
woo
rmo
rewi
tne
sse
s,e
acho
fwh
osh
oul
dha
ves
eent
het
est
ato
rsi
gni
ngt
heWi
ll
.

Th
ees
sen
tia
lfe
atu
resa
re:

1
.Le
gald
ecl
ara
tio
n:Th
edo
cume
ntsp
urp
ort
ingt
obeaWi
llo
rat
est
ame
ntmu
stb
ele
gal
,i.
e.i
n
c
onf
ormi
tywi
tht
hel
awa
ndmu
stb
eexe
cut
edb
yap
ers
onl
ega
ll
yco
mpe
ten
ttoma
kei
t.F
urt
her
t
hed
ecl
ara
tio
nofi
nte
nti
onmu
stb
ewi
thr
esp
ectt
oth
ete
sta
tor
’sp
rop
ert
yIti
sal
ega
l
d
ocu
men
t,wh
ichh
asab
ind
ingf
orc
eup
ont
hef
ami
ly.

2
.Di
spo
sit
iono
fpr
ope
rty
:InaWi
ll
,th
ete
sta
torb
equ
eat
hso
rle
ave
shi
spr
ope
rtyt
oth
e
p
ers
ono
rpe
opl
ehec
hoo
sest
ole
aveh
isa
sse
ts/
bel
ong
ing
s.AHi
ndup
ers
onb
ywa
yofh
isWi
llc
an
b
equ
eat
hal
lhi
spr
ope
rty
.Ho
wev
er,ame
mbe
rofa
nun
div
ide
dfa
mil
yca
nno
tbe
que
athh
is
c
opa
rce
ner
yin
ter
esti
nth
efa
mil
ypr
ope
rty

3
.Ta
kese
ffe
cta
fte
rde
ath
:Th
eWi
ll
ise
nfo
rce
abl
eon
lya
fte
rth
ede
atho
fth
ete
sta
torUn
der
s
ect
ion1
8oft
heRe
gis
tra
tio
nAc
tth
ere
gis
tra
tio
nofaWi
lli
sno
tco
mpu
lso
ry.
Als
o,t
heS
Cin
Na
rai
nSi
nghv
.Ka
mlaDe
vih
ash
eldt
hatme
ren
on-
reg
ist
rat
iono
fth
eWi
ll
ani
nfe
ren
cec
ann
otb
e
d
rawna
gai
nstt
heg
enu
ine
soft
heWi
ll
.Ho
wev
eri
tisa
dvi
sab
let
ore
gis
teri
tasi
tpr
ovi
des
s
tro
ngl
ega
lev
ide
ncea
bou
tth
eva
lid
ityo
fth
eWi
ll
.On
ceaWi
lli
sre
gis
ter
ed,
iti
spl
ace
dint
he
s
afec
ust
odyo
fth
eRe
gis
tra
ran
dth
ere
for
eca
nno
tbet
amp
ere
dwi
th,
des
tro
yed
,mu
til
ate
dor
s
tol
en.
Iti
stob
ere
lea
sedo
nlyt
oth
ete
sta
torh
ims
elfo
r,a
fte
rhi
sde
ath
,toa
nau
tho
riz
ed
p
ers
onwh
opr
odu
cest
heDe
athC
ert
ifi
cat
e.

S
inc
eat
est
ame
nta
ryd
isp
osi
tio
nal
way
ssp
eak
sfr
omt
heg
rav
eoft
het
est
ato
r,t
her
equ
ire
d
s
tan
dar
dofp
roo
fisv
eryh
igh
.Th
ein
iti
alb
urd
eno
fpr
oofi
sal
way
sont
hep
ers
onwh
opr
opo
und
s
t
heWi
ll
.

1
0
K
ind
sOfWi
ll
s

Co
ndi
tio
nal
Wil
ls
:AWi
llma
ybema
det
ota
kee
ffe
cto
nha
ppe
nin
gofac
ond
iti
on.
InRa
jes
hwa
rv.
S
ukh
deot
heo
per
ati
ono
fth
eWi
llwa
spo
stp
one
dti
lla
fte
rth
ede
atho
fth
ete
sta
tor
’swi
fe.
Ho
wev
eri
fiti
samb
igu
ouswh
eth
ert
het
est
ato
rin
ten
dedt
oma
keaWi
llc
ond
iti
ona
l,t
he
l
ang
uag
eoft
hed
ocu
men
tsa
swe
lla
sth
eci
rcu
mst
anc
esa
ret
obet
ake
nin
toc
ons
ide
rat
ion
.

Jo
intWi
ll
s:Twoo
rmo
rep
ers
onsc
anma
keaj
oin
tWi
ll
.Ift
hej
oin
tWi
lli
sjo
inta
ndi
sin
ten
ded
t
ota
kee
ffe
cta
fte
rth
ede
atho
fbo
th,
itwi
lln
otb
ead
mit
tedt
opr
oba
ted
uri
ngt
hel
ifet
ime
o
fei
the
ran
dar
ere
voc
abl
eata
nyt
imeb
yei
the
rdu
rin
gth
ejo
intl
iv
eso
raf
tert
hed
eat
hoft
he
s
urv
ivo
r.Mu
tua
lWi
ll
s:Twoo
rmo
rep
ers
onsma
yag
reet
oma
kemu
tua
lWi
ll
si.
e.t
oco
nfe
rone
ach
o
the
rre
cip
roc
alb
ene
fit
s.I
nmu
tua
lWi
ll
sth
ete
sta
tor
sco
nfe
rbe
nef
ito
nea
cho
the
rbu
tift
he
l
ega
tee
san
dte
sta
tor
sar
edi
sti
nct
,iti
sno
tamu
tua
lWi
ll
.Mu
tua
lWi
ll
sar
eal
sok
nowna
s
r
eci
pro
calWi
ll
san
dit
sre
voc
ati
oni
spo
ssi
bl
edu
rin
gth
eli
fet
imeo
fei
the
rte
sta
tor
.Bu
tifa
t
est
ato
rha
sob
tai
nedb
ene
fitt
hent
hec
lai
mag
ain
sth
isp
rop
ert
ywi
lll
ie.
Whe
rej
oin
tWi
lli
sa
s
ing
led
ocu
men
tco
nta
ini
ngt
heWi
ll
soft
wop
ers
ons
,mu
tua
lWi
ll
sar
ese
par
ateWi
ll
soft
wo
p
ers
ons
.

Pr
ivi
leg
edWi
ll
s:Pr
ivi
leg
edWi
ll
sar
eas
pec
ialc
ate
gor
yofWi
ll
san
dot
herg
ene
ralWi
ll
sar
e
k
nowna
sun
pri
vil
ege
dWi
ll
s.S
.65o
fIS
Apr
ovi
dest
hataWi
llma
deb
yas
old
iero
raa
irma
nora
ma
rin
er,
whe
nhei
sina
ctu
als
erv
icea
ndi
sen
gag
edi
nac
tua
lwa
rfa
re,
wou
ldb
eap
riv
il
ege
dWi
ll
.
S
.66p
rov
ide
sfo
rth
emo
deo
fma
kin
gan
dru
lesf
ore
xec
uti
ngp
riv
il
ege
dWi
ll
s.S
s.6
5an
d66a
re
s
pec
ialp
rov
isi
onsa
ppl
ic
abl
etop
riv
il
ege
dWi
ll
swh
ere
aso
the
rse
cti
onsr
ela
tin
gtoWi
ll
sar
e
g
ene
ral
pro
vis
ion
swh
ichwi
ll
bes
upp
leme
nta
ryt
oSe
cti
ons6
5an
d66i
nca
seo
fpr
ivi
leg
edWi
ll
s.

Wh
oCa
nMa
keAWi
ll

S
.59o
fIn
dia
nSu
cce
ssi
onAc
tpr
ovi
dest
hate
ver
ype
rso
nwh
oiso
fso
undmi
nda
ndi
sno
tami
nor
c
anma
keaWi
ll
.

Pe
rso
nsOfUn
sou
ndMi
ndU/
s.5
9ofI
SAt
hee
xis
ten
ceo
fas
oun
dmi
ndi
sas
ineq
uon
onf
ort
he
v
ali
dit
yoft
heWi
ll
.Mo
sto
fth
eWi
ll
sar
eno
tma
deb
yyo
ungp
ers
onswh
oar
efu
ll
yfi
tbu
tar
e
ma
deb
ype
rso
nswh
oar
eag
eda
ndb
edr
idd
enHe
nce
,la
wdo
esn
ote
xpe
ctt
hatt
het
est
ato
r
s
hou
ldb
einap
erf
ects
tat
eofh
eal
th,
ort
hath
esh
oul
dbea
blet
ogi
vec
omp
lic
ate
din
str
uct
ion
s
a
stoh
owh
isp
rop
ert
ywa
stob
edi
str
ibu
ted
.As
oun
ddi
spo
sin
gmi
ndi
mpl
iess
uff
ici
entc
apa
cit
y

1
1
t
ode
alwi
tha
ndu
nde
rst
andt
hed
isp
osi
tio
nofp
rop
ert
yinh
isWi
ll
–

1
)th
ete
sta
tormu
stu
nde
rst
andt
hath
eisg
ivi
nga
wayh
isp
rop
ert
ytoo
neo
rmo
reo
bje
cts

2
)hemu
stu
nde
rst
anda
ndr
eco
ll
ectt
hee
xte
nto
fhi
spr
ope
rty

3
)hemu
sta
lsou
nde
rst
andt
hep
ers
onsa
ndt
hee
xte
nto
fcl
aimsi
ncl
ude
daswe
lla
sth
osewh
o
a
ree
xcl
ude
dfr
omt
heWi
ll
.InS
wif
env
.Swi
feni
twa
she
ldt
hatt
het
est
ato
rmu
str
eta
ina
d
egr
eeo
fun
der
sta
ndi
ngt
oco
mpr
ehe
ndwh
ath
eisd
oin
g,a
ndh
aveav
oli
tio
norp
owe
rofc
hoi
ce.

Mi
nor
s:Ami
norwh
oha
sno
tco
mpl
ete
dth
eag
eof1
8ye
arsi
sno
tca
pab
leo
fma
kin
gWi
ll
s.Th
e
o
nuso
fpr
oofo
nde
ter
min
ingwh
eth
ert
hep
ers
onwa
sami
nora
tth
eti
meo
fma
kin
gaWi
lli
son
t
hep
ers
onwh
oha
sre
lie
dup
ont
heWi
ll
.S.
12o
fth
eIn
dia
nCo
ntr
actAc
tal
sop
rov
ide
sth
ata
mi
nori
sin
comp
ete
ntt
oco
ntr
act
.

S
ect
ion5
9int
hee
xpl
ana
tio
npa
rts
tat
est
hatma
rri
edwo
menc
and
ive
stb
ywi
ll
,th
eirp
ers
ona
l
p
rop
ert
y.Th
ise
xpl
ana
tio
nisr
ein
for
cedb
yse
cti
on1
4oft
heHi
nduS
ucc
ess
ionAc
tth
ata
ll
owsa
wo
mant
odi
spo
seh
ers
tre
edh
anb
yhe
rwi
ll
.Ita
lsos
tat
est
hatad
eafa
ndd
umbp
ers
onc
ana
lso
e
xec
uteawi
lli
fheo
rsh
eisc
apa
bleo
fun
der
sta
ndi
ngwh
ath
eisd
oin
g.S
imi
lar
ly,a
nin
san
e
p
ers
onc
anma
keav
ali
dwi
lli
nth
ein
ter
val
ofs
ani
tya
ndawi
llma
deb
yas
anep
ers
on,
noti
nhi
s
s
ens
esd
uet
oin
toxi
cat
ion
,il
ln
esse
tc,i
sno
tva
lid
.Me
reo
lda
geo
ril
ln
esso
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ete
sta
tor
h
owe
verc
ann
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ket
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lli
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lida
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ast
obes
ubs
tan
tia
ll
yes
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li
she
dbye
vid
enc
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re
a
gai
n,t
heo
nust
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oves
ani
ty(
ori
nsa
nit
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tti
meo
fcr
eat
iono
fwi
lli
sont
hep
ers
oni
nit
iat
ing
t
hes
uitc
hal
le
ngi
ngt
hewi
ll
ast
hep
res
ump
tio
nofs
ani
tyl
ieswi
tht
het
est
ato
r.

Ot
herPe
rso
nsI
nca
pab
leOfMa
kin
gAWi
ll
:Exp
lan
ati
onIt
oS.
59o
fIS
Apr
ovi
dest
hataHi
ndu
ma
rri
edwo
mani
sca
pab
leo
fdi
spo
sin
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llo
nlyt
hatp
rop
ert
ywh
ichs
hec
ana
lie
nat
edu
rin
g
h
erl
ife
time
.Exp
lan
ati
onI
Ipr
ovi
dest
hatt
hep
ers
onswh
oar
ede
af,
dumbo
rbl
in
dca
npr
epa
rea
Wi
lli
fth
eya
rea
blet
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ovet
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rea
war
eofwh
att
heywe
red
oin
g.Exp
lan
ati
onI
II
p
rov
ide
sfo
rpe
rso
nswh
oar
eme
nta
ll
yil
lan
din
san
e.Ho
wev
ers
ubs
equ
enti
nsa
nit
ydo
esn
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ke
t
heWi
lli
nva
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.
e.i
fap
ers
onma
kesaWi
llwh
il
ehei
sofs
oun
dmi
nda
ndt
hens
ubs
equ
ent
ly
b
eco
mesi
nsa
net
heWi
lli
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sno
tre
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redi
nva
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ysu
bse
que
nti
nsa
nit
y.F
urt
hera
p
ers
ono
fun
sou
ndmi
ndc
anma
keaWi
lld
uri
ngh
isl
uci
din
ter
val
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llma
deb
yap
ers
onwh
ois
i
nto
xic
ate
dori
ssu
ffe
rin
gfr
oma
nyo
the
ril
l
nes
s,wh
ichr
end
ersh
imi
nca
pab
leo
fkn
owi
ngwh
at
h
eisd
oin
g,i
sin
val
id.

1
2
Th
oug
hth
ebu
rde
nofp
roo
ftop
rov
eth
att
heWi
llwa
sma
deo
uto
ffr
eev
oli
tio
niso
nth
epe
rso
n
wh
opr
opo
und
sth
eWi
ll,aWi
llt
hath
asb
eenp
rov
edt
obed
ulys
ign
eda
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tte
ste
dWi
llb
e
p
res
ume
dtoh
aveb
eenma
deb
yap
ers
ono
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nle
ssp
rov
edo
the
rwi
se.F
urt
her
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b
equ
estc
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ema
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oani
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iot
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una
tico
rot
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ual
ifi
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ona
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t
n
ece
ssa
ryt
hatt
hel
ega
tees
hou
ldb
eca
pab
leo
fas
sen
tin
git
.

3
.TES
TAMENTARYS
UCCES
SIONUNDERHI
NDUL
AWANDMUS
LIML
AW

S
ect
ion3
0oft
heAc
tla
ysd
ownt
her
ulef
ort
est
ame
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rys
ucc
ess
ion
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ese
cti
onr
unst
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:(1
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osi
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imi
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Ac
t,1
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eti
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Expl
ana
tio
n:Th
ein
ter
esto
fama
leHi
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naMi
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sha
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opa
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ope
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ter
est
o
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arwa
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ll
om,K
utu
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ush
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ths
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ain
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eme
ani
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iss
ub-
sec
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n.

1
3
(
2)F
ort
her
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val
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oub
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byd
ecl
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atn
oth
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ain
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ect
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l
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igh
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ase
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te.

Me
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dia
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is
Ac
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ela
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omp
ris
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S
ect
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s57t
o19
1.Oft
hes
eon
lys
omea
ppl
ytoHi
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ll
s,b
ein
gth
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dinS
che
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I
t
oth
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t.Bu
tth
ese
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ain
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ppl
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llHi
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ll
s,b
uto
nlyt
osu
chwi
ll
sasa
res
pec
ifi
ed
i
nse
cti
on5
7oft
hisAc
t.Th
ese
cti
oni
sasb
elo
w:

Th
epr
ovi
si
onso
fth
ePa
rt(
i.
e.Pa
rtVI
)Sc
hed
uleI
IIs
hal
l,s
ubj
ect
stot
her
est
ric
tio
nsa
nd
mo
dif
ica
tio
nss
pec
ifi
edt
her
eina
ppl
y:

(
a)t
oal
lwi
ll
san
dco
dic
il
sma
deb
yan
yHi
ndu
,Bu
ddh
ist
,Si
kh,
orJa
ino
nora
fte
rth
e1s
tda
yof
S
ept
emb
er,
187
0,wi
thi
nth
ete
rri
tor
ieswh
ich
-att
hes
aidd
atewe
res
ubj
ectt
oth
eLi
eut
ena
nt
Go
ver
noro
fBe
nga
lorwi
thi
nth
elo
call
imi
tso
fth
eor
din
aryo
rig
ina
lci
vilj
uri
sdi
cti
ono
fth
e
Hi
nduC
our
tso
fJu
dic
atu
rea
tMa
dra
san
dBo
mba
y;

(
b)t
oal
lsu
chwi
ll
san
dco
dic
il
sma
deo
uts
idet
hos
ete
rri
tor
iesa
ndl
imi
tss
ofa
rasr
ela
test
o
i
mmo
vab
lep
rop
ert
ysi
tua
tewi
thi
nth
oset
err
ito
rie
sorl
imi
ts;
and

(
c)t
oal
lwi
ll
san
dco
dic
il
sma
deb
yHi
ndu
,Bu
ddh
ist
,Si
kh,o
rJa
ino
nora
fte
rth
efi
rstd
ayo
f
Ja
nua
ry,
192
7,t
owh
icht
hos
epr
ovi
si
onsa
ren
ota
ppl
iedb
ycl
aus
es(
a)a
nd(
b)
.

I
tist
husc
lea
rth
ats
ect
ion3
0au
tho
riz
esa
llHi
ndu
,ma
leo
rfe
mal
e,s
epa
rat
eorame
mbe
rofa
j
oin
tfa
mil
y,t
oma
ket
est
ame
nta
ryd
isp
osi
tio
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iso
rhe
rin
ter
esti
nap
rop
ert
y,ama
leHi
ndu
c
oul
ddi
spo
seo
fhe
rse
par
atep
rop
ert
y,e
venp
rio
rtot
hisAc
t,b
uth
eco
uldn
ot,
howe
ver
,dos
oin
h
isi
nte
res
tint
hec
opa
rce
nar
ypr
ope
rty
,ti
llh
eso
ugh
tpa
rti
tio
nth
ere
off
romo
the
rme
mbe
rso
f
t
hef
ami
ly,s
oal
soaf
ema
leHi
nduc
oul
dno
tdi
spo
seo
fan
ypr
ope
rtyo
the
rth
anh
erS
tri
dha
n
t
ech
nic
all
ysoc
all
ed.
Nowb
othma
lea
ndf
ema
leHi
nduc
and
isp
oseo
fhi
sorh
eri
nte
res
tbyme
ans
o
fawi
ll
.

1
4
 8
I
nK.
Jwa
laNa
ras
imh
aRe
ddyv
.Na
ray
anRe
ddy ,
ith
asb
eenl
aidd
ownt
hatHi
nduwi
dowwh
o
b
eco
mesu
nde
rse
cti
on41o
fth
eAc
t,f
ullo
wne
roft
hep
rop
ert
ysh
ein
her
ite
dwi
thl
imi
ted
i
nte
res
tfr
omh
erh
usb
andp
rio
rtot
hec
omi
ngi
ntof
orc
eoft
heAc
t,i
sen
tit
ledu
nde
rse
cti
on3
0
o
fth
eAc
ttod
isp
oseo
fth
epr
ope
rtyb
ywi
lli
nac
cor
dan
cewi
tht
hep
rov
isi
onso
fth
eIn
dia
n
S
ucc
ess
ionAc
t,1
925
.

Th
isr
igh
tofap
ers
ont
odi
spo
seo
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spr
ope
rtyb
yawi
ll
,wi
lln
ota
ffe
ctt
her
igh
tso
fth
ehe
irs
me
nti
one
dinc
las
s1o
fth
esc
hed
ulet
ocl
aimma
int
ena
ncee
veni
fun
dert
hewi
llt
heyh
aveb
een
d
epr
ive
doft
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rsh
are
sint
hep
rop
ert
y,t
owh
icht
heywo
uldh
aveb
eene
nti
tl
edh
adt
hewi
lln
ot
b
eene
xec
ute
d.

I
nfa
ct,
thi
sAc
tdo
esn
ota
ffe
ctt
heHi
nduL
awo
fma
int
ena
nce
;an
dift
her
ear
eot
herh
eira
lso
u
nde
rth
atl
awb
esi
dest
hos
eme
nti
one
dinc
las
sIo
fth
esc
hed
ule
,th
eyt
oowi
llb
een
tit
ledt
o
c
lai
mth
esa
mea
ndc
rea
teac
har
geo
nth
ees
tat
edi
spo
sedo
fbyme
anso
fth
ewi
ll
.

Un
dert
heHi
ndul
aw,
anh
eiri
sle
gal
lyb
oun
dtop
rov
ide
,ou
toft
hee
sta
tewh
ichh
asd
esc
end
edt
o
h
im,ma
int
ena
ncef
ort
hos
epe
rso
nswh
omt
hel
astp
rop
rie
torwa
sle
gal
lyo
rno
rma
ll
ybo
undt
o
ma
int
ain
.Iti
stor
emo
vet
hisd
oub
tth
att
heAc
tdo
esn
ota
ffe
ctt
hee
xis
tin
gHi
nduL
awr
ela
tin
g
t
oma
int
ena
ncet
hats
ub-
sec
tio
n(2
)ha
sbe
eni
nse
rte
d.

 TES
TAMENTARYS
UCCES
SIONUNDERMUS
LIML
AW

 Wa
siy
at-
Namao
rWi
ll
-Th
ePr
ima
ryI
nst
rume
ntOfMu
sli
mTe
sta
men
tar
ySu
cce
ssi
on.

“
Awi
llf
romt
heMu
sla
manp
oin
tofv
iewi
sad
ivi
nei
nst
itu
tio
n,s
inc
eit
sexe
rci
sei
sre
gul
ate
d
b
yth
eKo
ran
.Ito
ffe
rst
oth
ete
sta
tort
heme
anso
fco
rre
cti
ngt
oac
ert
aine
xte
ntt
hel
awo
f
s
ucc
ess
ion
…ofr
eco
gni
zin
gth
ese
rvi
cesr
end
ere
dbyas
tra
nge
r,o
rth
ede
vot
iont
ohi
minh
isl
ast
mo
men
ts…
”

Th
eMu
sli
mte
sta
men
tar
ysu
cce
ssi
oni
sen
tir
elyg
ove
rne
dbyt
heMu
sli
mPe
rso
nalL
awwh
ich
c
ove
rst
hep
owe
rst
oma
ket
hewi
ll
,th
ena
tur
eoft
hewi
ll
,th
eexe
cut
ionp
roc
edu
re,
con
dit
ion
s
o
fva
lid
itye
tc.
Thet
erm‘
was
iya
t'me
ansa
nen
dowme
ntwi
tht
hep
rop
ert
yofa
nyt
hin
gaf
ter
d
eat
h.Tob
equ
eat
hit
,int
hel
ang
uag
eofl
aw,
toc
onf
erar
igh
tofp
rop
ert
yinas
pec
ifi
cth
ing
,or

8
A.
I.
R.1
979NOC41(
A.P.
)

1
5
i
nap
rof
ito
rad
van
tag
eint
hema
nne
rofg
rat
uit
ypo
stp
one
dti
lla
fte
rde
atho
fth
ete
sta
tor
.
Th
edo
cume
ntc
ont
ain
ingt
he‘
wil
l'i
sth
ewa
siy
at-
nama
.Awa
siy
atc
anb
ema
deo
ral
lyo
rin
wr
iti
ngi
nwh
ichc
asei
tdo
esn
oth
avet
obea
tte
ste
d.Th
oug
hiti
sinwr
iti
ng,i
tne
edn
otb
e
s
ign
edb
yth
ete
sta
tora
nda
tte
ste
dbyt
hewi
tne
sse
s.Th
eop
tio
nofr
evo
cat
iono
rmo
dif
ica
tio
n
i
nth
ewi
lli
sav
ail
abl
etot
het
est
ato
rinh
isl
ife
time
.Th
ees
sen
tia
lco
ndi
tio
nfo
rav
ali
dwi
lli
n
Mu
sli
mla
w(a
sth
ati
nth
eHi
ndut
est
ame
nta
rys
ucc
ess
ion
)ist
hato
nlyp
rop
ert
ywi
tha
bso
lut
e
o
wne
rsh
ipo
fth
ete
sta
torc
anb
ebe
que
ath
ed.
Abe
que
stwh
ichi
sco
nti
nge
nt,
orc
ond
iti
ona
lori
n
9
t
hef
utu
reo
risa
lte
rna
tiv
etoa
not
her
,pr
e-e
xis
tin
gon
e,wo
uldb
evo
id.

Th
equ
ali
fic
ati
onsf
orav
ali
dwi
llu
nde
rMu
sli
mPe
rso
nalL
awa
rea
lmo
sts
imi
lart
oth
oseu
nde
r
1
0
t
heAc
t.

F
irs
tly
,th
ete
sta
tors
hou
ldb
eama
jor
.Ac
cor
din
gtoMu
sli
mbe
lie
fs,t
hea
geo
fma
jor
ityi
s
a
tta
ine
datp
ube
rty
,ina
bse
nceo
fsi
gnso
fwh
ich
,iti
sas
sume
dtob
efi
fte
eny
ear
s.Ho
wev
er,
t
hisi
sno
tap
pli
cab
lei
nIn
diaa
ndt
hea
geo
fma
jor
ityr
ema
insa
sst
ate
dint
heI
ndi
anMa
jor
ity
Ac
t.S
eco
ndl
y,t
het
est
ato
rsh
oul
dbei
nle
galc
apa
cit
ytoc
rea
teawi
ll
,be
que
ath
ingo
nlyt
hat
wh
ichi
shi
sown
,an
dno
tun
dera
nyk
indo
ffr
aud
,co
erc
iono
rin
flu
enc
e,wi
thv
oli
tio
n.Hes
hou
ldb
e
o
fso
undmi
ndwh
il
ecr
eat
ingt
hewi
lla
nds
hou
ldc
ont
inu
etob
esos
ubs
equ
ent
ly.
InAl
soi
nMu
sli
m
Pe
rso
nal
law,
ape
rso
nwh
oha
sat
temp
teds
uic
idec
ann
ott
her
eaf
terma
keawi
ll
,an
difh
edo
es,
t
hewi
lls
hal
lbec
ons
ide
redv
oid
.Th
eCo
urt
sho
wev
er,
hav
eci
rcu
mve
nte
dth
isr
ulea
sth
ereh
ave
b
eeni
nst
anc
eswh
erec
our
tha
sre
gar
dedt
hewi
llma
deb
yaMu
sli
mwh
osu
bse
que
ntl
ypo
iso
ned
11
h
ims
elfa
sva
lida
sheh
adc
ont
emp
lat
eds
uic
ideb
efo
rec
rea
tin
gth
ewi
ll
,bu
tno
tat
temp
tedi
t.

Re
str
ict
ion
sont
est
ame
nta
ryc
apa
cit
yofMu
sli
ms:

I
sla
mre
cog
niz
est
hei
ndi
spe
nsi
bl
ene
ces
sit
yth
atama
nsh
oul
dha
vet
hep
owe
rofma
kin
g
b
equ
est
s.Th
ish
owe
verd
oesn
oti
mpl
yth
ath
eha
sth
epo
wert
oen
cro
achu
pont
hes
har
eofh
is
l
ega
lhe
irsa
sst
ate
dint
heh
olyQu
ran
.Qu
oti
ngAme
erAl
i,
“th
ePr
oph
eth
asd
ecl
are
dth
atp
owe
r
s
hou
ldn
otb
eexe
rci
sedt
oth
ein
jur
yofl
awf
ulh
eir
s”.
Hen
cet
her
ear
ere
str
ict
ion
simp
ose
don
t
het
est
ame
nta
ryc
apa
cit
yofMu
lsi
ms.

Mu
sli
mte
sta
men
tar
yca
pac
ityi
sre
gul
ate
dint
wowa
ys:

9
Hindusu
cces
sio
nAct,
1956
1
0
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1
6
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.Th
eOn
eth
irdr
ule
:-Th
isr
ules
tat
est
hataMu
sli
mca
nno
tma
keb
equ
esto
fmo
ret
hano
ne-
t
hir
dofh
isn
etp
rop
ert
y,a
fte
rth
edi
sch
arg
eofd
ebt
san
dfu
ner
ale
xpe
nse
s,i
fth
erea
reh
eir
s
p
res
ent
.Ev
enf
orb
equ
eat
hin
gth
e1/
3rds
har
e,t
heMu
sli
mha
stoo
bta
int
hec
ons
ento
fth
eot
her
h
eir
s.Al
lsc
hoo
lso
fMu
sli
mLa
wexc
eptt
heI
tha
naAs
har
iSc
hoo
lla
ydo
wnt
hatb
equ
esto
fmo
re
t
hano
net
hir
dun
les
sco
nse
nte
dtob
yth
ehe
irsi
sin
val
ido
rac
ust
omo
rus
ages
ope
rmi
ts.

2
.Th
eco
nse
nto
fth
ehe
irst
oco
nfe
rine
xce
sso
fon
e-t
hir
dth
rou
ghwi
ll
:-Asme
nti
one
dab
ove
,a
Mu
sli
mha
stoo
bta
inc
ons
ento
fal
lth
esu
rvi
vin
ghe
irst
ode
vol
vep
rop
ert
yine
xce
sso
fon
e-t
hir
d
t
hro
ughwi
ll
.Th
isr
ulei
sinp
lac
etoe
nsu
ret
hatt
heh
eir
sha
vev
olu
nta
ril
yco
nse
nte
dtot
he
i
nfr
ing
eme
nto
fth
eirr
igh
tint
het
est
ato
r'sp
rop
ert
yan
dar
eno
twr
ong
edi
nan
ywa
y.S
uch
c
ons
entma
ybet
hro
ughwo
rdso
rimp
lie
dco
ndu
ct,
butn
ott
hro
ughs
il
enc
e.

An
oth
erl
imi
tat
iono
nth
ete
sta
men
tar
yca
pac
ityi
sth
att
hisp
owe
rsh
oul
dno
tbeu
sedt
o
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ene
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art
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les
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.Int
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ll
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ust
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llo
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rss
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gni
zeda
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ali
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ll
.

4.COMPARI
SONBETWEENHI
NDUANDMUS
LIMTES
TAMENTARYL
AW

Hi
ndut
rad
iti
ona
lla
wha
sso
mei
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uen
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nth
ete
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men
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ect
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oth
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igh
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ste
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mo
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den
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ndut
est
ame
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ucc
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25.
Ont
heo
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theMu
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l
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oni
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lan
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adi
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nali
nna
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man
ati
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romt
hes
ayi
ngsi
n
1
2
t
heh
olyQu
rana
ndma
nda
teso
fth
eSh
arr
iat
.

Th
erea
rec
ert
ainf
und
ame
nta
ldi
ffe
ren
cesb
etwe
ent
hewa
ypr
ope
rtyc
anb
edi
spo
sedo
ffb
y
Hi
ndu
san
dMu
sli
ms.
Fir
stl
y,wh
il
eth
eli
mit
ati
onso
nte
sta
men
tar
yca
pac
ityo
faHi
ndua
reb
ase
d
o
nth
emo
deo
fac
qui
si
tio
nofp
rop
ert
y:t
hati
swh
eth
ert
hep
rop
ert
yisa
nce
str
alo
rse
lf-
a
cqu
ire
d,t
hel
imi
tat
ion
sinMu
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mla
war
eba
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esa
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gso
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eQu
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tin
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e
p
rop
ert
ytob
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ath
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oon
e-t
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ert
yle
fta
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rdi
sch
arg
ingt
he
d
ebt
san
dfu
ner
ale
xpe
nse
soft
hed
ece
ase
d.

Mu
sli
mla
wpe
rmi
tsawi
llt
obema
dewi
thr
esp
ectt
oon
lyo
ne-
thi
rdo
fth
epr
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e
d
ece
ase
d.I
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ebe
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ito
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epr
ope
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ll
.Th
usi
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tst
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i
nte
res
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fle
galh
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sbe
for
eth
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fot
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let
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omt
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ece
ase
dwa
nte
dtog
iveh
is
p
rop
ert
y.I
tisar
ati
ona
lla
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ucha
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cta
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oes
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mph
asi
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ndt
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ssi
ngi
vin
gown
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hipo
fpr
ope
rtyt
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oms
oev
ert
heo
wne
rwa
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ve.
Ont
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rha
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ust
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i
nte
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tso
fle
gal
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rsa
ren
ots
ecu
re.
Theo
wne
ren
joy
sth
efr
eed
omt
ona
mewh
osoe
veri
nhi
s
1
3
wi
ll
ast
hes
ucc
ess
oro
rbe
nef
ici
ary
.

Th
eHi
ndua
ndMu
sli
mla
wso
fte
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men
tar
ysu
cce
ssi
ona
lsod
iff
eri
nre
gar
dst
owo
men
.Wh
il
e
wo
meni
nHi
ndul
awh
avet
hep
owe
rtod
ist
rib
utet
hro
ughwi
ll
,th
epr
ope
rtyt
heyh
avea
bso
lut
e
o
wne
rsh
ipi
n,i
nan
ywa
yan
dtoa
nyo
ne,
ther
igh
tso
fMu
sli
mwo
men
,th
erea
rec
ert
aine
xce
pti
ons
t
oth
ege
ner
alr
ule
s.F
ori
nst
anc
e,g
ene
ral
ly
,th
esh
areo
fpr
ope
rtyi
nbe
que
ath
edi
nwi
llc
ann
ot
e
xce
eda
-th
irdu
nle
sswi
thc
ons
ento
fot
herh
eir
s.Ho
wev
er,i
faMu
sli
mwo
manh
asn
obl
ood
r
ela
tio
nsa
ndh
erh
usb
andwo
uldb
eth
eon
lyh
eir
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ens
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anWi
llt
wo-
thi
rdso
fhe
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ope
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h
isf
avo
r.An
oth
ers
tar
kdi
ffe
ren
ceb
etwe
ent
het
wol
awsi
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atMu
sli
mwo
menc
ana
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oin
t
o
fti
meg
etmo
ret
hant
hati
nhe
rit
edb
yth
ema
lesi
nth
efa
mil
y,i
fth
ebe
que
ath
eds
har
e
e
xce
edsa
thi
rdo
fth
epr
ope
rtya
swe
lla
sini
nte
sta
tes
ucc
ess
ion
,wh
erewo
meng
ett
hee
xac
t
h
alfo
fth
eirma
lec
oun
ter
par
ts.

Al
so,u
nti
lre
cen
tly
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ndu
swe
rer
est
ric
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 5
.CONCL
USI
ON-

TheIndi
anS u
ccess
ionAct,1925consol
idate
dt hel
awso fint
estate(withcertainexcepti
ons)an
d
test
amentarysuccessi
on,apply
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sa ndcodi
ci
lso fHindus,Buddhi
sts,Si
khsa n
d
Jai
nsthroughou
tI nd
ia.Mu s
li
mt estamentarysucc
essionho
we v
e rwa sexcludedfromthea mbi
t
ofappli
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gelygovernedbyt heMu sli
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sonalLaws.Sinc
e
test
amentarys u
ccessi
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t,intr
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yi nt helawsf ol
lo
we dby
Musl
imsa n
dHi n
duswi l
lnotattackthee ss
enceoft h
et woreli
gions.
Th e
re f
ore,thereshou
ldbe
noli
mitati
onsimposedont heextentt owhichthepropert
yc anb ebequeathed,th
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nsto
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ationoftheprop er
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s
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cle44oft heConsti
tution
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thei
n d
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1925doesnotapp
lyinbo
thtest
ame nt
aryorinte
statesu
cces
sio
nof
musl
ims.f
ormusli
ms,s
ucces
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sbasedonth
equr
anandothersour
ces.
thelea
dinga
utho
rit
yon
thesubj
ectofwill
sformusl
imsisth
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dayaorfa
tawaalamgir
i.un
dermusl
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heestat
e
ofth
ed ecea
sedmustappl
ysucce
ssi
velyi
npaymen
tofthefoll
owing
:

 F
u n
erale
xpen
sesanddeathbe
dcharge
s
 Expen
sesofo
btai
ni
n gpro
bateorle
tterso
fadmi
nis
tra
tio
nor
 su
cce
ssi
onc
erti
fic
ate
 Wagesduefors
ervice
sr en
deredtothedec
eas
edwithi
nth
reemont
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tp r
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din
g
hi
s/h
erdeathbyanyla
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arti
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ticserv
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 Oth
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ivep
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rit
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 Le
gaci
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thi
rdofwhatremainsaft
eral
ltheabo
vep a
yment
s
 Remain
ingtwo-
thir
dshou
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rsasonint
e st
acy.

Th
eri
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1
9
 wh
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t
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.

BI
BLI
OGRAPHY:

Th
ere
sea
rch
erh
asc
ons
ult
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oll
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our
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etet
hef
ina
ldr
aft
:

S
ECONDARYS
OURC
ES:

1
. BOOK
:

a
.FAMI
LYL
AW-
DR.
PARASDI
WAN

b
.HI
NDUL
AW-
DRPARASDI
WAN

2
0
2
.WEBS
ITES

a
.ht
tp:
//
www.
sh
are
you
res
say
s.c
om/
kno
wle
dge
/te
sta
men
tar
y-s
ucc
ess
ion
-un
der
-th
e
-
hin
du-
suc
ces
sio
n-a
ct/
117
220

b
.ht
tps
:/
/www.
adv
oca
tek
hoj
.c
om/
li
bra
ry/
bar
eac
ts/
hin
dus
ucc
ess
ion
/30
.ph
p?Ti
tl
e=
Hi
ndu
%20
Suc
ces
sio
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019
56&S
Tit
le=Te
sta
men
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0%2
0%2
0su
cce
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o
n

c
.ht
tp:
//
www.
l
ega
lse
rvi
cei
ndi
a.
co
m/a
rti
cl
es/
wil
l_
hin
du.
htm

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