Course Code : MCS-022

Course Title : Operating System Concepts and Networking

Management
Assignment Number : MCA(II)/022/Assignment/2020-21
Maximum Marks : 100
Weightage : 25%
Last Dates for Submission : 31st October, 2020 (For July, 2020 Session)
: 15th April, 2021 (For January, 2021 Session)

Q1. How the following concepts are improve the system performance?
• Spooling compared to buffering
• Multiprocessing compared to sequential execution
Ans.

Spooling compared to buffering:- There are two ways by which Input/output subsystems can improve the
performance and efficiency of the computer by using a memory space in the main memory or on the disk
and these two are spooling and buffering.
Clin—
Spooling stands for Simultaneous peripheral operation online. A spool is similar to buffer as it holds the
jobs for a device until the device is ready to accept the job. It considers disk as a huge buffer that can store
as many jabs for the device till the output devices are ready to accept them.
Buffering —
The main memory has an area called buffer that is used to store or hold the data temporarily that is being
transmitted either between two devices or between a device or an application. Buffering is an act of
staring data temporarily in the buffer. It helps in matching the speed of the data Stream between the
sender and the receiver. If the speed of the sender's transmission is slower than the receiver, then a
buffer is created in the main memory of the receiver, and it accumulates the bytes received from the
sender and vice versa.
The basic difference between Spooling and Buffering is that Spooling overlaps the input/output of one job
with the execution of another job while the buffering overlaps the input/output of one job with the
execution of the same job.
Differences beMeen Spooling and Buffering —

• The key difference between spooling and buffering is that Spooling can handle the input/output of
one job along with the computation of another job at the same time while bufiering handles
input/output of one job along with its computation.
• Spooling stands for Simultaneous Peripheral Operation online. Whereas buffering is not an
acronym.
• Spooling is more efficient than buffering, as spooling can overlap processing two jobs at a time.
• Bufiering uses limited area in main memory while Spooling uses the disk as a huge buffer.

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Multiprocessing compared to sequential execution:-

Multiprocessing :-In a uni-processor system, only one process executes at a time.

Multiprocessing is the use of two or more CPUs (processors) within a single Computer system. The
term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor within a single
computer system. Now since there are multiple processors available, multiple processes can be
executed at a time. These multi processors share the computer bus, sometimes the clock, memory
and peripheral devices also.
Multi-processing system’s working -

• With the help of multiprocessing, many processes can be executed simultaneously. Say
processes P1, P2, P3 and P4 are waiting for execution. Now in a single processor system,
firstly one process will execute, then the other, then the other and so on.
• But with multiprocessing, each process can be assigned to a different processor for its
execution. If its a dual-core processor (2 processors), two processes can be executed
simultaneously and thus will be two times faster, similarly a quad care processor will be four
times as fast as a single processor.
Sequential execution:- A sequence is an ordered list of something. Se9uential execution means that
each command in a program script executes in the order in which it is listed in the program. The first
command in the sequence executes first and when it is complete, the second command executes,
and so on.

For example, values are assigned to a and b before they are used to calculate the sum a+b. The
following example is a sequence of commands that computes the average of three values.

1. Input the first value and save it as sum.

Z. Input the second value and save it as next Value.
3. Add next Value to sum.
4. Input the third value and save it as next Value.
5. Add next Value to sum.
6. Divide sum by three and save the result as avg.
7. Display the average to the user.

The order that the values are input and saved matter doesn't matter, but we cannot calculate the
average until all three values have been entered and added to together.

2. Discuss the f›asic ‹lcsign issues in ‹listributc‹l CJV mli ich arc tliffcrcnt frufn
traditi‹›nnl OF an‹l net› ‹›rk €I*s anal lz‹» are they' implemented ?
Ans. Distributed Operating System:-

An operating system (OS) is basically a collection of software that manages computer hardware
resources and provides common services for computer programs. Operating system is a crucial
component of the system software in a computer system.
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