Sustainable steel

Policy and indicators 2014

1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword 3
Policy and commitments 4
Steel’s endless life cycle 5
Environmental performance 6
Social performance 8
Economic performance 10
Industry sustainability initiatives 12
Sustainability indicators summary table 14
Contributing organisations and associations 15

About the World Steel Association

The World Steel Association (worldsteel) is one of the largest and most dynamic industry associations in the world.
worldsteel represents approximately 170 steel producers (including 9 of the world’s 10 largest steel companies),
national and regional steel industry associations, and steel research institutes. worldsteel members represent around
85% of world steel production. worldsteel’s mission is to act as the focal point for the steel industry, providing global
leadership on all major strategic issues affecting the industry, particularly focusing on economic, environmental and
social sustainability.

Sustainable Steel Policy and Indicators 2014

© World Steel Association 2014
ISBN 978-2-930069-75-3
Cover image: Webb Bridge, Australia designed by Denton Corker Marshall, in collaboration with artist Robert Owen
Design by double-id.com

Whether in lighter, more efficient vehicles or renewable
energy generation, steel is essential to the modern
world, and its use is critical in enabling man to
move towards a sustainable future. Steel is also
necessary for new, highly efficient power stations and
the construction of smart electrical grids, transport
infrastructure development, energy-efficient residential
housing and commercial buildings.
More than 1.6 billion tonnes of steel are produced
every year. Currently, 47% of steel is produced and
used in mainland China. There will be continuing
growth in the volume of steel produced, particularly in
developing areas such as Latin America, Asia, Africa
and the Indian sub-continent, where steel will be
vital in raising the welfare of developing societies. In
these regions, worldsteel estimates that 60% of steel
consumption will be used to create new infrastructure.
Industry commitment - a decade
of sustainability reporting
Sustainability reporting at a global level is one of the
major efforts that the steel industry undertakes to
manage its performance, demonstrate its commitment
to sustainability and to enhance transparency. We
are one of the few industries that report at the global
level and have done so since 2004 when the first
sustainability report was published.
This annual brochure is dedicated to our stakeholders.
It is the result of a joint effort between our members
as well as non-member steel companies and
associations. Our aim is to inform the public about the
environmental, social and economic performance of
the steel industry measured by a set of 8 sustainability
indicators.1 This issue compiles data from 2003 to
2013 to demonstrate trends over the past decade.
1 The selected indicators were developed by worldsteel members in
consultation with external organisations in 2003. They are applicable to
steel companies worldwide. The methodology for some indicators has
been further developed since then. Current calculation methodology for
all indicators is available at worldsteel.org.
foreword
Verification and coverage
Every year our aim is to increase global tonnage
coverage and the number of companies reporting to
improve representativeness. The reported data are
reviewed and verified by worldsteel staff to ensure the
accuracy and consistency of figures. The scope of the
sustainability report is steel plant sites, including R&D
facilities, for the environmental and social indicators and
consolidated financial data for the economic indicators.
The coverage over the years reflects the steel industry’s
commitment and dedication to sustainability reporting.
Reporting is voluntary. In 2004, 42 steel companies
participated with a rise to 149 companies (96 directly
and an additional 53 via 6 associations) in 2014. Crude
steel produced by companies who reported on one
or more indicators for fiscal year 2013 was 640 Mt,
representing 40% of global crude steel production.
The increase in participation is not equal across all
indicators but companies are nevertheless encouraged
to continue their participation, or to start contributing
even with fewer than 8 indicators, as it allows them to
monitor and improve their performance for those that
they are able to report. We continue to encourage
full reporting.
We recognise that continued engagement and
collaboration with our stakeholders are essential as
we strive to become a fully sustainable industry in a
sustainable world. We welcome your feedback
and ideas.
Edwin Basson
Director General
World Steel Association
3
Policy and commitments

The steel industry believes that sustainable development policy, which was adopted in 2002
development must meet the needs of the present and built on a set of principles established in 1972,
without compromising the ability of future generations and a statement of principles issued in 1992. The
to meet their own needs. Members of worldsteel are policy encompasses seven commitments which have
committed to a vision in which steel is recognised as been translated into an industry-wide Sustainable
a key element of a sustainable world. This is achieved Development Charter. In 2012, 66 members of
by a financially sound industry that takes leadership worldsteel signed the Charter which commits them
in environmental, social and economic sustainability. to improving the social, economic and environmental
Figure 1 below shows the steel industry sustainable performance of their companies.

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4
 Steel’s Endless Life Cycle

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Figure 2: Steel life cycle phases and recycling Source: worldsteel

Once steel is produced, its life cycle is potentially 100% Recyclable

endless because it is easy to recover with magnets
and 100% recyclable without loss of quality. This Its recyclability is another key factor contributing to
makes it a permanent resource for society – as long as steel being a sustainable material. 100% of scrap
it is recovered at the end of each product life cycle. from steel production and downstream processing is
collected and recycled directly into steel production.
Durable and reusable Post-consumer scrap has to be collected and
prepared (for example by shredding and baling).
Steel’s durability is one of the key properties that Because of the high value of steel scrap, there
make steel a sustainable material, allowing for the are economic incentives that help to maintain high
reuse of countless products - from paper clips to recycling levels, in addition to environmental benefits.
automotive components and rail tracks. A wide range
of steel products, like automotive engines and wind Steel is the most recycled material in the world, with
turbines, can be remanufactured for reuse, taking over 650 Mt recycled annually, including pre- and
advantage of the durability of the steel components. post-consumer scrap.3
Remanufacturing restores durable used products to Recycling accounts for significant energy and raw
like-new condition. Both reuse and remanufacturing material savings: over 1,400 kg of iron ore, 740 kg
extend the overall product life and thereby save of coal, and 120 kg of limestone are saved for every
valuable resources.2 tonne of steel scrap made into new steel.

2 worldsteel, Sustainable Steel - At the core of a green economy, 2012. 3 Bureau of International Recycling (BIR), World Steel Recycling in Figures
2009-2013, 2014.

5
Environmental Performance
Environmental protection
Steel manufacturing has a variety of impacts on
the environment. The main impacts come from the
use of energy and raw materials, which result in the
emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxides (SOx),
nitrogen oxides (NOx) and dust to air, as well as water
consumption and associated emissions.
The steel industry is committed to act responsibly to
minimise or prevent negative environmental impacts.
Based on this commitment, our environmental
indicators track our performance in greenhouse-gas
emissions, energy intensity, implementing environmental
management systems and using resources efficiently.
worldsteel has developed a global and regional life
cycle inventory database including “cradle-to-gate”
environmental inputs and outputs tracking resource use
(raw materials, energy and water) and emissions to land,
air and water for 15 steel products.
worldsteel also produces technical reports to help
improve the environmental performance of steel plants
around the globe. Most of these reports are kept up-to-
date through internal online sharing and benchmarking
systems. Examples of topics covered are:
• air quality
• by-products
• energy use
• maintenance and reliability
• raw materials
• water management.
Indicators 1 and 2: Greenhouse-gas
emissions and Energy intensity
The greenhouse gas of most relevance to the world
steel industry is carbon dioxide (CO2), as it makes up
approximately 93% of all steel industry greenhouse gas
emissions.4 On average, 1.8 tonnes of carbon dioxide
are emitted for every tonne of steel produced (see p.
14, Indicator 1).
4 worldsteel LCA Methodology Report, 2011.
6
Technological advancements over the past 25 years
have enabled substantial reductions in CO2 emissions
from steel production. These advancements include:
• energy efficiency in the steelmaking process
• improved steel recycling rates
• increased recycling and utilisation of by-products
from steelmaking
• extensive process automation for precise control
of steelmaking processes.
The efficient use of energy has always been one of the
steel industry’s key priorities. Cost is a key incentive
for this, considering that energy purchases account
for 20-40% in basic steel production.5, 6 Over the last
50 years, the steel industry has reduced its energy
consumption per tonne of steel produced by 60% (see
Figure 3). On average, energy intensity is currently
at 20 GJ per tonne of crude steel cast (see p. 14,
Indicator 2).
Modern steel production processes are now very
close to their theoretical minimum energy and CO2
intensity per tonne of steel output. While further
medium-term improvements will be made through
technology transfer and spread of best practice,
to make a significant difference in energy and
CO2 intensity in the long term, new low-carbon
breakthrough steelmaking technology is required
(see worldsteel position paper: Steel’s contribution
to a low carbon future, 2014).
100
Energy consumption (%)
80
60
40
20
0
60 965 970 975 980 985 990 995 000 005 010 013
19 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Figure 3: Indexed global energy consumption/tonne of crude
steel production
5 The State-of-the-Art Clean Technologies (SOACT) for Steelmaking
Handbook, 2nd Edition Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development
and Climate, 2010.
6 Saving One Barrel of Oil per Ton (SOBOT), American Iron and Steel
Institute, 2005.
Indicator 3: Material efficiency Indicator 4: Environmental management
worldsteel members report that 96% of the raw system (EMS)
materials used on-site to make crude steel are An EMS helps an organisation to monitor and
converted to products and by-products, meaning that improve its environmental performance and to
very little waste goes to landfill (see p. 14, Indicator 3). increase its operating efficiency. Water management
The industry’s goal is zero waste. Material efficiency is and air quality control are key aspects of an effective
also promoted through innovative design for reuse and EMS.
the development of high-strength steels that allow for
dematerialisation (see case study p. 11). According to worldsteel’s sustainability statistics,
in 2013 approximately 90% of steel industry
Recovered by-products can be recycled during employees and contractors worked in EMS
the steelmaking process or sold for use by other registered production facilities (EMAS or ISO 14001
industries. Use of by-products supports the certification), up from 86% in 2003 (see p. 14,
sustainability of the steel industry. It prevents landfill Indicator 4). A number of steel member companies
waste, reduces CO2 emissions and helps preserve achieved 100%. This increasing trend is expected
natural resources. The sale of by-products is also to continue as new and stricter regulations are
economically sustainable. It generates revenues for enforced in countries globally.
steel producers and forms the base of a lucrative
worldwide industry.3

Some companies report a by-products utilisation and Also at worldsteel.org:

recycling rate as high as 99%.7
• Steel’s low carbon future – position paper
• Global and regional life cycle inventory data
for 15 steel products
% of employees and contractors working in registered
94 production facilities • Local environmental issues: How steel
companies manage water and air quality
92
• Climate Action Programme
90 • Fact sheets on Steel and Energy, Raw
Materials, and By-products
88

86

84

82

80
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Figure 4: Environmental management system (EMS) 7 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Sustainability Report 2013.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
CO2 25 25 27 30 38 49 45 51 52 50 n/a
Energy 25 25 27 30 38 49 45 51 52 50 n/a
Mat.Eff. 25 27 27 31 25 26 36 38 41 42 44
EMS 26 34 31 35 25 27 36 42 44 43 45
Table 1: Number of reporting companies for Indicators 1 through 4
7
Social performance

Employee safety and health

Safety and health is the number one priority for the
steel industry. worldsteel’s policy is to help all our
safetyDay
members achieve an accident-free workplace as there
is no area, process or type of work that cannot be In 2014, worldsteel and its members launched
accident-free. an annual global Steel Safety Day to continue
working together with all involved in the industry
This is supported through: to create a safer work environment in the steel
industry.
• use of industry safety and health principles
• sharing experience and good practice – through Participating companies carried out a safety
seminars, workshops and development of an alert audit across the entire employee group from
network to share serious incidents CEOs to engineers to managers, operators
• annual reporting on safety performance – including and service providers. The audit focused on
LTIFR (Indicator 5) identifying the hazards for the main causes of
• safety and health excellence recognition programme safety incidents within the steel industry and
– showcasing member initiatives and projects setting up action plans to manage the hazards
• an annual global Steel Safety Day. and risks for each site.

More than 480,000 people from 373 sites

Indicator 5: Lost time injury frequency rate participated in the first industry-wide safety
(LTIFR) audit on 28 April this year including 39
member companies, representing 53% of
One of the most common indicators of safety is lost
worldsteel members’ production.
time injury frequency rate. A lost time injury is an
incident that causes an injury that prevents the person
from returning to his next scheduled shift or work
period. Figure 5 shows a steady and notable decline
in the number of lost time injuries, demonstrating the
industry’s commitment to eliminating accidents and
injuries. Reporting by member companies on this
indicator has more than doubled since 2004.

5
Injuries / million hours worked

4 Employee development and training

3 The steel industry is committed to offer employees
the opportunity to further their education and develop
2
their skills. Not only is this a way of enhancing quality
1 of work and productivity but it also boosts employee
satisfaction. worldsteel measures performance in this
0
area with the employee training indicator. Training and
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 knowledge management are also enhanced through
Figure 5: Lost time injury frequency rate indicator results the worldsteel steeluniversity initiative.

8
Indicator 6: Employee training
Employee training refers to instruction provided to
enhance the skills, capabilities and knowledge of
employees. Training may involve various types of
programmes such as classroom instruction, computer-
based training, or on-the-job instruction. Employee
training measures the total days of training per
employee. This indicator does not focus on safety and
health training, but may include it. For 2013, members
of the steel industry reported 7.8 days of training per
employee (see p. 14, Indicator 6).
Also at worldsteel.org:
• #lovesteel films - a series of interviews with
steel industry employees working in diverse
roles, sharing what they love about their jobs
• worldsteel Safety and Health Principles
Guidance Book
• worldsteel Safety and Health Excellence
Recognition programme brochure

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

LTIFR 35 33 36 44 41 64 90 92 89 74(p)*

Training 26 33 28 31 24 26 33 38 39 38 38

Table 2: Number of reporting companies for Indicators 5 and 6

(p) = preliminary; data collection in progress
* In addition to 74 worldsteel member companies, 54 non-member companies reported via 4 regional associations.

steeluniversity and 8th steelChallenge

steeluniversity, a worldsteel initiative, is a web-based industry university delivering education and training to
current and future employees of steel companies and related businesses. steeluniversity includes courses
on steel manufacturing, steel applications, ferrous metallurgy, steel business, environment and safety.
steeluniversity offers more than 30 training modules via its online learning system steelLearning+ accessible
from the website steeluniversity.org. Students from over 400 universities and employees from more than
100 companies have used steeluniversity to supplement their education.
steeluniversity sponsors an annual steelChallenge to test students and young industry professionals on their
knowledge of steel manufacturing and use of one of the advanced simulations offered in steelLearning+.
Participants compete against other teams in a two-round competition, with regional champions going on to
compete in the world championship round held in Brussels, Belgium each February.
The winners in the industry category for the 8th
steelChallenge 2013/4 were Kausik Tamuli and
Animesh Kumar Singh of Tata Steel Ltd. in India. The
winners of the student category were Ezio Agustin
Casalini and Francisco Brañas of Universidad
Nacional del Sur in Argentina.
The 9th steelChallenge is scheduled for
November 2014 when the regional champions
will be identified. The winning entrants will be
invited to take part in the world championships
in February 2015.

9
economic performance

Investing in innovation 12 % of revenue

Innovation is at the heart of the steel industry. Over

10
75% of the steels in use today did not exist 20 years
ago. Approximately 60% of the steel grades used
8
to manufacture automobiles today were introduced
in the last 10 years. Investing in the development 6
of high-strength steels also allows for reuse and
dematerialisation of steel products which saves 4
resources (see case study p.11).
2
 he steel industry must ensure the continued
T
investment in the development of new steel products 0
and production technologies. One of the indicators 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
used to track this is Investement in new processes and
products, Indicator 7. Figure 6: Investment in new processes and products indicator
results

Indicator 7: Investment in new processes

and products
Investment in new processes and products is the sum
of capital expenditure and research and development
expenditure expressed as a percentage of revenue,
where:
• Capital expenditure refers to money used to acquire
or improve long-term assets such as property,
plants, and new equipment
• Research and development expenditure refers to
money used to develop new scientific or technical
knowledge to develop new products, processes,
and services.
Figure 6 shows a steady increase in investment in new
processes and products between 2003 and 2013.
Member companies reported an average value of
8.6% of revenue for investments in new processes and
products for 2013 compared with 6.0% of revenue in
2003.
Contributing to society
The steel industry’s greatest value contribution
is providing society with steel products that are
indispensable in sustaining and improving our modern
world and standard of living. There is hardly any object
that we use that does not contain steel or that was not
created with equipment made of steel. From common
kitchen utensils to automobiles and wind turbines,
steel’s durability and strength add value to society.
While it is difficult to quantify this added value, one
indicator used by worldsteel aims to quantify the value
distributed to society by the steel industry: Economic
value distributed, Indicator 8.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Investments* 31 35 34 36 31 32 38 41 42 40 34

EVD 24 25 34 37 42 42 40

Table 3: Number of reporting companies for Indicators 7 and 8 *Investment in new processes and products

10
Indicator 8: Economic value distributed
(EVD)
EVD includes direct and indirect contributions,
regardless of the country’s financial structure e.g. all
contributions are captured - whether made directly
from the company to the community or indirectly from
the company through government taxes, shareholder
dividends or employee salaries, etc.
For 2013, steel companies reported distributing
582.7 billion US$ to society or 97.3% revenue (see
p. 14, Indicator 8), directly and indirectly. This figure
includes:
• Operating costs (payments to suppliers, contractors,
etc.)
• Employee salaries and benefits
• Dividends paid to all shareholders
• Interest payments made to providers of loans
• Payments to government (gross taxes and royalties)
• Community investments (voluntary contributions
and investments of funds in the broader community,
including donations and scholarships, etc.).
Also at worldsteel.org:
• World Steel in Figures 2014
• Steel Solutions in the Green Economy:
Wind turbines
• Steel Solutions in the Green Economy:
FutureSteelVehicle
• Steel solutions in the Green Economy:
Affordable social housing
Innovative designs for reuse and
recycling
BlueScope Steel makes products that can be
used in designs for disassembly and reuse.
These are components of a building, or entire
buildings that are designed with the intention
of reuse rather than demolition. For example,
the MacArthur Centre for Sustainable Living in
Australia was designed for disassembly using
reusable and renewable materials.
The design incorporates whole sheets of steel for
the roofing and much of the walling to maximise
opportunities for those sheets to be used again
in the future. When the steel is no longer needed,
it can be recycled back into new steel.
Investing in development of high-
strength steels
BlueScope Steel has successfully developed
high-strength steel products, so that the same
function is achieved using fewer raw materials.
This is known as dematerialisation. For example,
roofing that was once manufactured at 0.55
mm thick, is today made from high-strength
Colorbond steel 0.42 mm think – a reduction of
24%.
Steel framing is another example of design
innovation that maintains functionality with less
material use. Some house framing that used to
be 1.20 mm thick is only 0.6 mm thick today
– a saving of 50%.
11
Industry Sustainability Initiatives
Steelie Award: Excellence in Sustainability
Every year, worldsteel hosts an awards ceremony at
its annual conference in October to recognise the
contributions and achievements of companies and
individuals in various categories including best website,
communications, life cycle assessment, sustainability
etc.
The Excellence in Sustainability award seeks
to recognize a specific sustainability initiative or
programme that has made a positive impact, or
provided benefits in all three areas of sustainability
– including economic, environmental and social
performance.
A judging panel consisting of internal and external
judges selects the winner based on:
• the level of the initiative’s impact or benefits (for the
company and society) in each of the three areas of
sustainability – economic, environmental and social
• the extent of communication and outreach – how
widely the initiative is communicated to stakeholders
and/or the level of community/stakeholder outreach
related to the initiative.
The 2014 finalists for this award are presented here.
The Excellence in Sustainability award winner will be
announced at worldsteel’s 48th annual conference in
Moscow on 6 October 2014.
12
ArcelorMittal Sonasid: Responsible
ship dismantling in Morocco for steel
recycling
Recycling is at the heart of the steel industry, as
scrap steel is a key raw material for steelmaking.
With some 70 disused ships temporarily moored
at Moroccan ports - hampering trade and posing
an environmental hazard – ArcelorMittal’s Sonasid
site began exploring the potential benefits that a
local shipbreaking industry could offer to the local
economy and environment as well as for its site by
ensuring the availability of scrap and simultaneously
reducing the carbon intensity of its steelmaking
operations.
Beginning with a pilot project in 2012 to dismantle a
vessel, Sonasid was able to ensure that international
social and environmental standards for the
recycling of ships (the Hong Kong Convention) were
embedded in the development of this new local
industry from the start.
The preparatory work to develop the shipbreaking
industry in Morocco began in 2013 with plans to
commence shipbreaking activity there by 2015 with
the construction of a shipbreaking unit.
Sonasid’s use of scrap steel instead of DRI as a raw
material is expected to deliver carbon savings of 0.8 t
CO2 for every tonne of steel produced and will entail
further emission reduction of 3000t CO2/year through
limiting transportation of scrap from Europe. Existing
end-of-life ships in Morocco provide the potential
for the local scrap industry to increase by 20%. The
disappearance of disused ships from Morocco’s
ports is leading to an improvement in the country’s
coastline, a vital asset for the country’s economy.
JSW Steel: Promoting vocational education through local training centres
India has a goal of transforming around 500 million Indian youths into skilled technicians through vocational
education by the year 2022. In order to help achieve this target, the OP Jindal Centre at Vasind is running a
vocational programme for the youth. The Vasind site is a 100% subsidiary of JSW Steel. Most of the youth trained
at the Centre are from economically marginalised families.
So far, 1,674 students have undergone vocational training in different trades, including technical studies
(electronics, welding, IT etc.), but also tailoring, fashion design and machine embroidery to name just a few.
The JSW Foundation initiated the vocational project back in 2003 by conducting an extensive study covering 30
nearby villages to assess the need for technical education and other trades.
In 2013, the JSW Foundation conducted a survey to assess the impact of these courses in the lives of students.
So far, 81% of the students covered by the survey are
employed and 67% are using skill sets learnt to earn their
livelihood. Some 24% of the respondents are self-employed
using the skill set and 9% of them are pursuing further
studies through apprenticeships.
The response and success spawned similar efforts at other
sites including JSW Steel Vijayanagar, which set up its
vocational technical centre in 2008.
Through this initiative, JSW is strengthening their community
engagement efforts and empowering the local youth.

Gerdau: Improving the sustainability of their scrap supply chain

Gerdau has been conducting the Base of the Pyramid (BOP) project in partnership with the public sector and
non-profit organisations since 2007. The project aims to formalise the scrap recycling activities in Brazil, Chile,
Peru and Uruguay, countries where scrap collectors have traditionally worked independently without any protective
equipment or social security and usually under poor working conditions.
The main phases of the project were:
• to ensure training in management and technical skills of the recyclers
• to strengthen cooperation and communication between the different stakeholders
• to monitor progress and contribute to public policies at local and national level.
Many environmental, social and economic benefits have been observed.
For example, in the cities where the project was implemented,
approximately 1,630 tons/year of waste generated are now correctly
disposed of; 1,200 waste collectors received 34,424 hours of training
during the 27 months of the main project’s duration; suppliers’
average income registered an increase of 155% from 2011 to 2013.
Supplier relations with the company have also improved.
The use of scrap as a raw material reduces the volume of waste
disposed of by society in inappropriate places and reduces the
consumption of energy and other natural resources during steel
production, while minimising CO2 emissions.

13
Sustainability Indicators Summary Table

In 2004 (when we first reported 2003 data), 42 steel companies participated with a rise to 149 companies (96
directly and an additional 53 via 6 associations) in 2014 (for fiscal year 2013). Crude steel produced by companies
who reported on one or more indicators for fiscal year 2013 was 640 Mt, representing 40% of global crude steel
production. Values in Table 4 may vary slightly from previous editions of this sustainability report due to updates
received from individual companies.

Environmental Performance
1 Greenhouse gas emissions (tonnes CO2/tonne crude steel cast)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
1.6* 1.7* 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8(p)
2 Energy intensity (GJ/tonne crude steel cast)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
19.0* 19.1* 20.0 20.6 20.8 20.8 20.1 20.7 19.6 20.0 20.0(p)
3 Material efficiency (% of materials converted to products and by-products)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
97.1 96.1 97.9 97.2 97.9 98.0 97.9 97.7 94.4 96.5 96.4
4 Environmental management systems (EMS) (% of employees and contractors working in EMS-registered
production facilities)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
86.4 91.9 84.0 85.5 85.1 86.6 88.9 87.6 89.9 89.5 90.2
Social Performance
5 Lost time injury frequency rate (injuries/million hours worked)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
4.8 4.1 4.6 4.4 3.1 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.6(p)
6 Employee training (training days/employee)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
8.1 9.9 12.1 10.5 11.1 8.0 8.5 6.7 7.7 7.9 7.8
Economic Performance
7 Investment in new processes and products (percent of revenue)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
6.0 6.2 6.7 7.8 7.9 8.3 10.2 8.8 8.3 10.3 8.6
8 Economic value distributed (billion US$:1 row; percent of revenue: 2 row)
st nd

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
323.8 308.3 470.7 477.0 617.9 642.8 582.7
83.0 68.2 92.3 91.7 93.1 97.4 97.3

Table 4: Summary of indicator results

Notes:
(p) = preliminary; data collection in progress
Indicators 1 and 2: *Prior to 2005, energy and CO2 associated with intermediate product production (e.g. conversion of coal to coke) was not included.
Indicators 1 and 2 are calculated using route-specific energy and CO2 intensities for three steel production routes: basic oxygen furnace, electric arc
furnace and open hearth furnace. The indicators are also weighted based on the production share of each route. Indicator 1 includes CO2 emissions
only as these make up approximately 93% of all steel industry greenhouse gas emissions.
Indicator 5: Lost time injury frequency rate includes fatalities and is calculated based on figures including contractors and employees. Data prior to
2004 is not available.
Indicator 6: Employee training includes production and non-production facilities.
Indicator 8: Data collection for Economic Value Distributed (EVD) started in 2007.

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 Contributing organisations and associations

The 96 organisations and six associations listed below contributed data for one or more of the 2013 indicators.
The six associations provided data for an additional 53 organisations. Subsidiary companies are listed separately
from their group (or parent) company if they contributed additional data not submitted by the group.

1 Acciai Speciali Terni S.p.A. (AST) 55 Nucor Corporation

2 Acciaierie Bertoli Safau S.p.A. 56 Outokumpu Oyj
3 ACERINOX S.A. 57 Ovako AB
4 Acroni, d.o.o. 58 Pacific Steel NZ
5 Aichi Steel Corporation 59 POSCO
6 Altos Hornos de Mexico S.A.B de C.V. (AHMSA) 60 POSCO-Thainox Public Company Limited
7 Anshan Iron & Steel Group Corporation 61 Qatar Steel Company (Q.S.C.)
8 Aperam 62 Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (VIZAG Steel)
9 ArcelorMittal 63 Rautaruukki Oyj
10 ArcelorMittal Industeel Benelux N.V. 64 Saarstahl AG
11 Arrium Limited 65 Sahaviriya Steel Industries Public Company Limited (SSI)
12 Badische Stahlwerke GmbH 66 Salzgitter AG Stahl und Technologie
13 Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. 67 Schmolz + Bickenbach Group
14 Baosteel Group Corporation 68 Severstal JSC
15 BlueScope Steel Limited 69 Shabro Metals & Technologies Limited (SMTL)
16 Byelorussian Steel Works 70 Shougang Group
17 CELSA Group 71 SSAB AB
18 CELSA Steel Group 72 SSAB Americas
19 ÇEMTAŞ AŞ 73 SSAB EMEA
20 China Steel Corporation 74 Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL)
21 Cogne Acciai Speciali Spa 75 Tang Eng Iron Works Co. Ltd.
22 Compania Siderurgica Huachipato S.A. (CAP ACERO) 76 Tata Steel Europe
23 Daido Steel Co., Ltd. 77 Tata Steel Group
24 DEACERO, S.A. de C.V. 78 Tata Steel Limited
25 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH (DEW) 79 Techint Group
26 Dillinger Hüttenwerke AG 80 Tenaris
27 Dongbu Steel Co. Ltd. 81 Ternium
28 Emirates Steel 82 Ternium Siderar
29 Eregli Demir ve Çelik Fabrikalari TAS (Eregli Iron and Steel Works, Co.) 83 The Timken Company
30 Essar Steel Ltd. 84 ThyssenKrupp AG
31 Evraz Group 85 ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
32 EZZ Steel 86 TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a.s
33 Georgsmarienhütte Holding GmbH 87 Tung-Ho Steel Enterprise Corporation
34 Gerdau Aços Especiais 88 UGITECH
35 Gerdau S.A. 89 United States Steel Corporation
36 HADEED, an Affiliate of Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) 90 Usinas Siderúrgicas de Minas Gerais S.A. (USIMINAS)
37 Halyvourgiki Inc. 91 Vallourec
38 Hüttenwerke Krupp Mannesmann GmbH (HKM) 92 voestalpine AG
39 HYUNDAI BNG STEEL Company Ltd. 93 Walsin Lihwa Corp.
40 HYUNDAI Steel Company 94 Wuhan Steel
41 JFE Steel Corporation 95 Yieh United Steel Corporation (YUSCO)
42 Jindal Stainless Ltd 96 Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless Steel Co.,Ltd. (ZPSS)
43 JSW Steel Limited
44 Kobe Steel, Ltd
45 Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works (MMK)
46 Metalloinvest Contributing associations
47 Metinvest Holding LLC
48 NatSteel Holdings Pte Ltd 1 Asociación Latinomericana del Acero (Alacero)
49 Nedstaal B.V.
2 American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)
50 Nippon Kinzoku Co., Ltd.
51 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation 3 International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF)
52 Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd. 4 The Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF)
53 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. 5 Wirtschaftsvereinigung Stahl (Germany Steel Federation- VDEh)
54 Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK) 6 South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute (SEAISI)
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