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ELECTRICAL DRIVES
as per
GGSIPU syllabus
by
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION
Basic elements
Types of electric drives
Factors influencing electric drives
Heating and cooling curves
Loading conditions and classes of duty
Selection of power rating for drive motors with regard to thermal
overloading and load variation factors
INTRODUCTION
UNIT
1
1. INTRODUCTION
Drive:
A combination of prime mover, transmission equipment and mechanical Working load is
called a drive
Electric drive:
An Electric Drive can be defined as an electromechanical device for converting electrical
energy to mechanical energy to impart motion to different machines and mechanisms for various kinds
of process control.
The basic block diagram for electrical drives used for the motion control is shown in the
following figure1.1
The aggregate of the electric motor, the energy transmitting shaft and the control equipment by which
the motor characteristics are adjusted and their operating conditions with respect to mechanical load
varied to suit practical requirements is called as electric drive.
Drive system=Drive + load
1.1.1 BASIC COMPONENT (or) ELEMENTS OF ELETCRIC DRIVES
1. Load: usually a machinery to accomplish a given task. Eg-fans, pumps, washing machine etc.
2. Power modulator: modulators (adjust or converter) power flow from the source to the motion
3. Motor: actual energy converting machine (electrical to mechanical)
4. Source: energy requirement for the operation the system.
5. Control: adjust motor and load characteristics for the optimal mode.
Power modulators:
Power modulators regulate the power flow from source to the motor to enable the motor to
develop the torque speed characteristics required by the load.
They contain and control the source and motor currents with in permissible limits during
the transient operations such as starting, braking, speed reversal etc.
They converts the input electrical energy into the form as required by the motors.
Adjusts the mode of operation of the motor that is motoring, braking are regenerative.
Converters
They provide adjustable voltage/current/frequency to control speed, torque output power of the
motor.
The various type of converters are,
AC to DC rectifiers
DC to DC choppers
AC to AC choppers
AC to AC –AC voltage controllers (voltage level is controlled)
Cyclo converter (Frequency is controlled)
DC to AC inverters
Switching circuits
Switching circuits are needed to achieve any one of the following.