Lecture 3 Major Disasters Continue PDF

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Industrial Safety
And Maintenance
Management
CH-417
Lecture 3
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POINTS TO KEEP IN MIND
You have to listen the recorded
lectures carefully.
Note down the lectures.
Inquire about the confusions (if

any) in the online live session.
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Major Disasters
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April 1986: Chernobyl, Russia
The Chernobyl disaster was the worst nuclear
power plant accident in history in terms of cost and
casualties. ($18 billion)
Escaping of several tones of

fuel & Fission products due to
overheated water-cooled
Nuclear Reactor.
45 people killed at the spot, 5
161000 evacuated.
Description of Site
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Description of Site
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Layout of the Plant
RBMK= Reaktor bulshy

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moshchnosty kanalny
Normal Operation of the Plant
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The Accident
The Test
Reduce Power to half
Control Rod were pulled out
Shutting Down of Cooling Pump
Void Coefficient of Reactor Increased
Power Level shoot-up
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Immediate Response
Fire Fighter Response

Delay in Evacuation
Spread of Radiation
Announcement of Accident
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The Cleanup of Site
Dumping of Sand Bag

Evacuation of Adjacent Area
Limiting the spread of radioactive particle
Burying of the contamination
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Victims Of Disaster
Group 1: People involve in Cleanup

Operation.
Group 2: Person Evacuated from the
Evacuation Zone
Group 3: Children of people in Group 1 and 2
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Victims Of Disaster
Group 1: People involve in Cleanup

Operation.
Group 2: Person Evacuated from the
Evacuation Zone
Group 3: Children of people in Group 1 and 2
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Reasons of the Accident
Human Error
Design Flaws
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April 1986:
Chernobyl Nuclear
Power Plant
Disaster, Russia
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Suggested Reading Material
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-
library/safety-and-security/safety-of-
plants/chernobyl-accident.aspx
https://www.livescience.com/39961-
chernobyl.html
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June 2017: Oil Tanker Explosion, Bahawalpur
A tanker truck
carrying 25000
liters of fuel
overturned and
exploded
Killing 219
people and
injuring many
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Accident
A tanker truck overturned

Greed of the people
Explosion occurred
Fire Fighter Extinguished fire
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Reasons of the Accident
 Unsafe act of lighting a cigarette

 Poorly maintained road
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Sept. 2012: Baldia Factory Fire, Karachi
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Sept. 2012: Baldia Factory fire, Karachi
The Accident
 1,500 workers present in the three-story, 2,000-sq-
yard factory located on Hub River Road when the
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fire broke.
 At least 22 fire vehicles were at the site.
 The death toll was 258,including; men, women and
children.
Reason for Increased deaths

Most casualties were happened due to the
inaccessibility towards exit (locked doors)
Oct 1989: Phillip 66 Disaster, USA
On October 1989,Phillip 66 chemical complex
experienced a chemical released on polyethylene
plant.
Flammable chemical
cloud formed which
ignited resulting in a
explosion
Explosion resulted in
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23 fatalities and hundreds
of people were injured.
Description of Site
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Chemical Reaction in Plant
Ethylene
600Psi
180°F-230°F HDPE
Isobutane (solvent)
Ethylene
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Normal Operation of Plant
The Accident
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Immediate Emergency Response
Phillip Fire Brigade

No Dedicated Water System
Water System Ineffective
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Reason for Accident
Improper Isolation
Recommissioning
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Reason for Accident
Improper Isolation
Recommissioning
Position of Detectors
Permit to Work System
Plant Layout
Emergency Response
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Lesson Learned
Continual Employee Training

Adherence to Safe Work Practices
Location of Control Valve
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Oct 1989: Phillip 66
Disaster, USA
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Suggested Readings
Robert M. Bethea, Explosion and Fire at

Pasadena, Texas (New York: American Institute
of Chemical Engineers, 1996).
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-
history/gas-leak-kills-23-at-plastics-factory
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Accidents In Chemical Industry
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Causes of Accidents In Chemical Industry
1. Human Error
2. Improper Training
3. Manufacturing Defects
4. Improper Maintenance
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Accidents In Chemical Industry
Public Perception about Chemical Industry
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Note down the lectures.

Inquire about the confusions (if

Escaping of several tones of

45 people killed at the spot, 5

RBMK= Reaktor bulshy

Fire Fighter Response

Dumping of Sand Bag

Group 1: People involve in Cleanup

Group 1: People involve in Cleanup

A tanker truck overturned

 Unsafe act of lighting a cigarette

Reason for Increased deaths

Phillip Fire Brigade

Continual Employee Training

Robert M. Bethea, Explosion and Fire at

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