CH-407 | Industrial Organization

and Management

Dr. Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi

Project Management
Project Scheduling
Lecture 3A

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Components of PERT/CPM Network
Merge and Burst Events
One of more activities can start and end simultaneously

Preceding and Succeeding Activities

Activities performed before given events are known as preceding activities
performed after a given event are known as succeeding activities. Activities A and
B precedes activity C and D respectively.

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Components of PERT/CPM Network

Dummy Activity
An imaginary activity which does not consume any resource and time is called
a dummy activity. Dummy activities are simply used to represent a connection
between inputs in order to maintain a logic in the network. It is represented by
a dotted line in the network.

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Components of PERT/CPM Network
Rules in Constructing a Network
▪ No single activity can be represented more than once in a network. The
length of an arrow has no significance.
▪ The event numbered 1 is the start event and an event with highest number
is the end event. Before an activity can be undertaken, all activities
preceding it must be completed. That is, the activities must follow a logical
sequence (or – interrelationship) between activities.
▪ In assigning numbers to events, there should not be any duplication of
event numbers in a network.
▪ Dummy activities must be used only if it necessary to reduce the
complexity of a network.
▪ A network should has only one start and one end event.
CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi
Project Schedule
Forward Pass
Begin at starting event and work forward

Earliest Start Time Rule:

▪ If an activity has only a single immediate predecessor, its ES equals the EF of the
predecessor
▪ If an activity has multiple immediate predecessors, its ES is the maximum of all
the EF values of its predecessors
ES = Max {EF of all immediate predecessors}
Earliest Finish Time Rule:
▪ The earliest finish time (EF) of an activity is the sum of its earliest
start time (ES) and its activity time.
EF = ES + Activity time

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

 AON/AOA Example
Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing Case

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing, Inc., located near downtown Milwaukee, has long
been delaying the expense of installing air pollution control equipment in its facility.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently given the manufacturer
16 weeks to install a complex air filter system. Milwaukee Paper has been warned
that it may be forced to close the facility unless the device is installed in the allotted
time. Joni Steinberg, the plant manager, wants to make sure that installation of the
filtering system progresses smoothly and on time.

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

 AON/AOA Example
Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
AON Example

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
AOA Example

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
Perform a Critical Path Analysis

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Project Schedule
Backward Pass
Begin with the last event and work backwards

Latest Finish Time Rule:

▪ If an activity is an immediate predecessor for just a single activity, its LF
equals the LS of the activity that immediately follows it
▪ If an activity is an immediate predecessor to more than one activity, its LF is
the minimum of all LS values of all activities that immediately follow it
LF = Min {LS of all immediate following activities}

Latest Start Time Rule:

▪ The latest start time (LS) of an activity is the difference of its latest finish
time (LF) and its activity time
LS = LF – Activity time

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
ES/EF Network for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
Computing Slack Time

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Milwaukee Paper Manufacturing's Activities
and Predecessors
Critical Path for Milwaukee Paper

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi

Example No. 2
Project Scheduling

CH-407|Industrial Organization & Management | Dr. Syed A. Taqvi