Task No.

2
Generation of signal using PCM

Divyanshu Sharma
18BEC0003
L39+40
Date : 25-07-2020

Aim:
To plot the wave form of input signal, sampled signal, quantized signal,
reconstructed signal for Pulse code modulation (PCM) using MATLAB.

Theory:
Generation of ASK

PCM is a discrete-time, discrete-amplitude waveform-coding process, by

means of which an analog signal is directly represented by a sequence
of coded pulses.

The amplitude of the analog signal is sampled at uniform intervals

and each sample is quantized to its nearest value within a
predetermined range of digital levels.

The incoming message signal is sampled with a train of rectangular

pulses short enough to closely approximate the instantaneous
sampling process.

To restore the signal samples to their correct relative level, we must, of

course, use a device in the receiver with a characteristic complementary
to the compressor. Such a device is called an expander
Sampling: Select data points from the analogue (continuous time –
continuous amplitude) signal to create discrete data.

Quantization: Transform sampled amplitude of message signal taken

at discrete times into a discrete amplitude taken from a finite set of
possible amplitudes, creating digital data.

Encoding: Assign binary levels to each of the possible amplitude values

Alorithm:
1. Generate the input signal using sampling frequency fs
2. Plot the sampled signal using STEM
3. Quantize the signal using ‘ quantiz’
4. Convert the decimal to binary using ‘dec2bin’
5. Convert ‘bin2dec’
6. Apply butter worth filter to collect the coefficients using ‘butter’
7. Reconstruct the signal using ‘filter’

Programme:
clc
clear all
close all

f=10;
fs=1000;
a=3
t=0:1/fs:((2/f)-(1/fs));

%Level shifting
x=a+a*sin(2*pi*f*t);
figure(1)
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t,x);
title('Input Signal');

%Sampled Signal
subplot(2,1,2);
stem(t,x);
title('Sampled Signal');

partition = [-1:1:5]; codebook = [-

1:1:6];
[~,q]=quantiz(x,partition,codebook);

%Quantized Signal
figure(2)
subplot(2,1,1);
stairs(t,q);
title('Quantized Signal');

%Encoded Signal
y=dec2bin(q);
%Dequantized Signal
z=bin2dec(y);
[b,a]=butter(2,2*f/fs,'low');

k=filter(b,a,z);
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,z)
title('Dequantized Signal');

%Reconstructed Signal
figure(3)
plot(t,k)
title('Reconstructed Signal');

Graphical Output (Captured Photo)

Result:
The program for ASK modulation and demodulation has been
simulated in MATLAB and graph is plotted.

Verification Signature