Physics 103

Quiz 1 (Thermodynamics)

Instructions: Write your logical solutions on a short bond paper. Box all final answers.

1. System A gains 1500 J of heat and does 2200 J of work to the surroundings. System b gains 1500
J of heat and receives 2200 J of work from its surroundings. What are the changes in internal
energies of systems A and B?

2. The work done by one mole of a monatomic ideal gas in expanding adiabatically is 825 J. The
initial temperature and volume of the gas are 393 K and 0.100 m 3. Obtain (a) the final
temperature and (b) the final volume of the gas.

3. Even at rest, the human body generates heat. The heat arises because of the body’s metabolism
—that is, the chemical reactions that are always occurring in the body to generate energy.
Adequate ventilation or air conditioning must be provided to remove this heat. Consider a
classroom containing 14 students taking an exam in physics. Assume that the metabolic rate of
generating heat is 200 W for each student and that the heat accumulates during a 90-min
period. In addition, assume that the air has a molar specific heat of C v = (5/2) R and that the
room (volume = 1500 m3, initial pressure = 1.01 x 10 5 Pa, and initial temperature 21 oC) is sealed
shut (clue: isochoric). If all the heat generated by the students were absorbed by the air, by how
much would the air temperature rise during the exam?

4. Heat Q flows spontaneously from a reservoir at 394 K into a reservoir at 298 K. Because of the
spontaneous flow, 2800 J of energy is rendered unavailable for work when a Carnot engine
operates between the reservoir at 298 K and a reservoir at 248 K. Find Q.

5. Construct a Carnot Cycle and show that its efficiency is given by:

Essay:

6. Why is a Carnot Engine considered as the “ideal engine”, and why can’t it exist?