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Immanuel Kant is the central figure in modern philosophy and the most important
philosopher of the Enlightenment in the past 2,000 years. He was born, lived, and died
in the provincial Prussian university town of Konigsberg (now Kaliningrad in Russia).
Kant’s childhood is quite poor and religious, his family were Pietist of Lutheran Church
which emphasizes the importance of moral goodness, hard work, duty, and consistency.
He synthesized early modern rationalism and empiricism in the nineteenth and
twentieth-century philosophy which continues to exercise a significant influence today in
metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, and other fields.
Aside from this, he has 3 most famous works, these are the Critique of Pure Reason,
which was published in 1781 and revised in 1787, the Critique of Practical Reasons
(1788), and the Critique of Judgement (1790). This is the fundamental idea of Kant’s
“critical philosophy” and he argues that the human understanding is the source of the
general laws of nature that structure all our experience, and that human reason gives
itself the moral law which is our basis for belief in God, freedom, and immortality.
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