Variables and Experimental Data

Kind Goal Manipulation Collection Sample Titles

Technique

Assessing Nurses’ Attitudes

Toward Death and Caring for
to observe Variables are measured as Questionnaire Dying Patients in a
and report they occur.
Descriptive Comprehensive Cancer
on a certain Experimental manipulation is Center
phenomenon not used. Observation
(Lange, M., Thom, B., Kline,
N.E., 2008)

to determine
the nature of Variables are measured as The Relationship Between
relationship they occur. Questionnaire Service Quality and Customer
between Satisfaction in the
Correlational Tests Telecommunication Industry:
variables
without Evidence from Nigeria
Experimental manipulation is Observation
looking into not used. (Ojo, O., 2010)
the cause

to infer the Experimental manipulation is Comparison of Personal,

causes of a not used. Questionnaire Social and Academic
phenomenon Variables Related to University
Ex post facto Groups exposed to the
which has Drop-out Rate and
presumed cause are
already Persistence
compared with those who
occurred are not exposed to it. (Bernardo, A., et al., 2016)

Experimental manipulation
The Impact of Smoking Bans
may have limited use.
to establish on Smoking and Consumer
Quasi- cause-and- Intact groups are used; Behavior: Quasi-experimental
individual subjects are Tests Evidence from Switzerland
experimental effect
relationships randomly assigned to the
(Boes, S., Marti, J., Maclean,
treatment and comfort
J.C., 2014)
groups.

Experimental manipulation is
used.

Intact groups are not used;

individual subjects are
Effects of Mobile Technology
to establish randomly assigned to the
Use on Walking
cause-and- treatment and control
Experimental Tests
effect groups.
relationships
The random assignment of (Perlmutter, S., et al., 2014)
individual subjects provides
more conclusiveness as to
the causal relationships
between the variables.
 Table 1 Components of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells and Their Functions

Present
Present
Cell Present in in
Function in Plant
Component Prokaryotes? Animal
Cells?
Cells?

Separates cell from external environment; controls

Plasma
passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen, Yes Yes Yes
membrane
and wastes into and out of the cell

Provides structure to cell; site of many metabolic

Cytoplasm Yes Yes Yes
reactions; medium in which organelles are found

Nucleoid Location of DNA Yes No No

Cell organelle that houses DNA and directs synthesis of

Nucleus No Yes Yes
ribosomes and proteins

Ribosomes Protein synthesis Yes Yes Yes

Mitochondria ATP production/cellular respiration No Yes Yes

Oxidizes and breaks down fatty acids and amino acids,

Peroxisomes No Yes Yes
and detoxifies poisons

Vesicles and
Storage and transport; digestive function in plant cells No Yes Yes
vacuoles

Unspecified role in cell division in animal cells;

Centrosome No Yes No
organizing center of microtubules in animal cells

Digestion of macromolecules; recycling of worn-out

Lysosomes No Yes No
organelles

Yes, primarily
Yes,
Protection, structural support and maintenance of cell peptidoglycan
Cell wall No primarily
shape in bacteria but
cellulose
not Archaea

Chloroplasts Photosynthesis No No Yes

Endoplasmic
Modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids No Yes Yes
reticulum

Golgi Modifies, sorts, tags, packages, and distributes lipids

No Yes Yes
apparatus and proteins

Maintains cell’s shape, secures organelles in specific

positions, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within
Cytoskeleton Yes Yes Yes
the cell, and enables unicellular organisms to move
independently

No,
except
Flagella Cellular locomotion Some Some for some
plant
sperm.

Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along

Cilia extracellular surface of plasma membrane, and No Some No
filtration
 Rough Endoplasmic
Secretory Vesicles Reticulum

Lysosome
Cytoplasm

Golgi Bodies: Micro Tubules

Modify, Sort,
Package
Nucleus Envelope

Nucleus
Nucleus Pore
Ribosomes
Nucleolus

Plasma
Membrane
Centriole
s
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum Microtubules

Mitochondrion
PARTS OF ANIMAL CELL
 Structure/Function Cell Part

1. Stores material within the cell Vacuole.

2. Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only) Chloroplasts

3. The sites of protein synthesis Ribosome

4. Transports materials within the cell Vesicle

5. Jelly-like substance in the cell Cytoplasm

Organelle that manages or controls all the cell

6. Nucleus
functions in a eukaryotic cell

Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps

7. energy from sunlight and gives plants their green Chloroplasts
color

Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles,

8. Lysosome
and invading viruses or bacteria

Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic

9. Ribosome
reticulum

10. Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and

Vacuole
waste products

11. Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in
Cell Wall
plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protists

12. Produces a usable form of energy for the cell Mitochondria

13. Packages proteins for transport out of the cell Golgi Apparatus

14. Produces lipids Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

15. Site where ribosomes are made Nucleolus

16. The membrane surrounding the cell Plasma Membrane

17. Provides support for the cell Cytoskeleton

18. Collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells Chromatin

19. Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the

Microtubules
cell

20. Small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing

Cilia
things

21. Composed of a phospholipid bilayer Cell Membrane

22. Longer whip-like structures used for movement Flagellum