CARPENTRY AND

MASONRY
 WOODWORKING

•It is the skills developed by the students in

terms of measuring, cutting, framing,
joining and finishing wood materials.
 CARPENTRY

•It is the art and a manner of cutting, forming

and joining wood parts together.
•The art of shaping and assembling structural
woodwork.
 CARPENTER

•A builder or a skilled craftsman who

perform carpentry works
 WOOD

•Trees are largest plant that grows in our

forest and mountains have various type and
species. They are group according to use
and cut to form a lumber.
•Lumbers are classified as soft and hard
woods cut and process and sold in different
sizes and length.
 •Philippine lumber are group in following
categories:
First Group Second Group Third Group Fourth Group

This type of This second This third group This group of

lumber is type of woods of wood is use wood is for
usually hard is moderately for house cheap furniture,
with fine grain. hard and heavy construction cabinet making,
with fire grain. flooring. interior
finishing and
others.
 First Group Second Group Third Group Fourth
Group
1. Acle 1. Banuyo 1. Amugis 1. Lauan
2. Lanete 2. Guijo 2. Apitong 2. Almon
3. Baticulin 3. Bolongeta 3. Tangile 3. Bagtican
4. Mansono 4. Palomaria 4. Dao
5. Betis 5. Calantas
6. Molave 6. Teak
7. Kamagong
8. Narra
9. Ebony
10. Tindalo
11. Ipil
12. Yacal
 CLASSIFICATION, DESCRIPTION AND
MEASUREMENT OF LUMBER
• Lumbers are sold following the description:
a. Surfaced two side or S2S
b. Surfaced four side or S4S
c. Surfaced in two side and one edge or S3S
d. Kiln dried or K.D.
e. Rough lumber with specific measurement
f. Tongue and groove T & G
g. Board measure R.M.
h. All widths and length AW and AL
BASIC CONSIDERATION ON THE QUALITY
OF WORK DONE.

1. Quality of wood selected

2. The design of the project
3. The skin and basic processes involved in
making the project.
 BASIC WOOD TECHNOLOGY AND
MASONRY

1. Wood preparation for future use

The proper way of preparing wood for future
use is by means of seasoning. It is the drying
period of wood. The time when moisture
evaporates from the wood cells after the wood
are cut into lumber.
THE MOST COMMON WAY OF WOOD
PREPARATION IS AS FOLLOWS:

1.1. Air seasoning

It’s a process of filling the lumber carefully
and open air in order to allow free circulation of
air around a piece of wood in a specified period.
1.2 Kiln seasoning/ drying
It is the specific way seasoning lumber.
It uses oven to dry lumbers to have quick
drying and lowering of wood moisture
content.
2. Finishing
After all the project is assemble, the next step
is to prepare the object for finishing. Before
applying varnish or paint in the project for final
phase of your work, the following tools and
materials needed to facilitate your work
2.1. Scraper
Scraper is tool made of steel. It is manipulated
by pushing or pulling in a direction following
the grain of the wood surface after such wood
has been planed to produced a very smooth
surface.
2.2. Sand Paper
This is use to smoothen the surface of the wood.
There are two types of sand paper. They are the wet
and dry sand paper.

2.3. Wood Fillers

Wood fillers comes in natural color. This are used
to eliminate deep cuts and holes in your finished
project.
2.4. Stain
It is a wood finishing material. The stain is
derived from different color such as walnut,
mahogany and natural color.

2.5. Shellac
A finishing material came from gums substance
of insect. Alcohol is used to dissolve the gum in a
ratio of three kilos to a gallon of alcohol.
2.6. Varnish
A finishing material when applied produces
high glossy finish to a project.

2.7. Paints
Paint is the most widely use in finishing a
project or object.
 COMMON WOOD JOINT

•Joinery is the process of putting the work

together depending on what kind of project or
object of wood your making.
1. DADO JOINT
2. RABBET JOINT
3. MORTISE AND TENON JOINT
4. MITER JOINT
5. LAP JOINT
6. BUTT JOINT
MEASURING , MARKING AND TESTING
TOOLS
FOLDED WOODEN RULE
RULER
PUSH PULL STEEL TAPE RULE
TRY SQUARE
SLIDING T BEVEL
MARKING GAUGE
KNIFE
DIVIDER
SCRIBER
SCRATCH AWL
WOODWORKING MACHINE AND
THEIR USES
C- CLAMP
HAND CREW CLAMP
BAR CLAMP
MITER AND CORNER CLAMP
WOODWORKING BENCH VISE
PORTABLE ELECTRIC DRILL
WOOD LATHE MACHINE
ELECTRIC PLANER
CIRCULAR SAW
 CUTTING TOOLS

•Woodworking cutting tools are classified

according to its uses.
CLASSIFICATION OF SAW
ACCORDING TO USE
RIP SAW
CROSS SAW
BACK SAW
COPING SAW
KEY HOLE OR COMPASS SAW
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANES
ACCORDING TO USE
JACK PLANE
JOINTER PLANE
SMOOTH PLANE
SPOKE SHAVES
CLASSIFICATION OF CHISELS
ACCORDING TO USE
FIRMER CHISEL
PARING CHISEL
MORTISE CHISEL
BUTT CHISEL
TYPES OF GOUGES
SCRIBING GOUGE
FIRMER OR CARVING GOUGE
CLASSIFICATION OF BORING TOOLS
AUGER BITS
EXPANSIVE BITS
BRACE
HAND DRILL
BRADAWL
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR HAND
MIXING
1. SPADE OR SQUARE- POINTED SHOVEL
MEASURING BOX
MIXING PLATFORM
WATER CONTAINER
WHEELBARROW
OTHER TOOLS USED FOR CONCRETE
WORKS
TROWEL
FLOAT
PLUMB LEVEL, SPONGE
HACKSAW
 STEPS IN HAND-MIXING CONCRETE

1. Measure the amount of sand for the

proportion
2. Spread the cement on top of the cement
3. Mix thoroughly the sand and cement with a
spade. Make sure the mixture has uniform
color.
4. Pile up the mixture and bore a hole at the center
5. Measure the amount the of water and pour slowly
into this hole to give time sink.
6. Measure the amount of gravel needed and spread it
evenly on top of the mixture.
7. Turn the mixture until the gravel is uniformly
distributed and thoroughly coated with sand and
cement.
FORMULA AND FINDING THE QUANTITY
OF CEMENT, SAND AND GRAVEL

•The amount of cement, sand and gravel will

depend on the kind of mixture you want to
produce.
1. Find the volume of the concrete in cubic feet.
2. One cubic feet of gravel is equal to 95% of the volume of the
concrete.
3. Bags of cement = Cubic feet of gravel
quantity of gravel in
the proportion
4. Cubic feet of sand
=cubic feet of gravel
2