Organization and Management

11
ORGANIZATION AND
MANAGEMENT
First Quarter
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Republic of the Philippines

Department of
Education REGION II –
CAGAYAN VALLEY
COPYRIGHT PAGE
Learning Activity Sheet

Organization and Management
Grade 11
Copyright @ 2020
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Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Competency Page No.
Explain the Meaning, Functions,

Types and Theories of Management-------------------------------------------------------------------1
Explain the Functions, Roles and Skills

of a Manager----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24
Analyze Various Forces/Elements Influencing Local and

International Business Environment using
PEST and SWOT Strategies----------------------------------------------------------------------------38
Analyze the Forms and Economic Roles of

Business Organization-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------46
Differentiate the Faces of Economic Development

and its Impact to Business Environment -------------------------------------------------------------53
Discuss the Nature and Levels of Planning

And Types of plans--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62
Apply Appropriate Planning Techniques and Tools

In Business Decision Making--------------------------------------------------------------------------70
Analyze the Nature of Organization and Types of Organization----------------------------------83
Apply Organization Theories for Effective Business Management -----------------------93

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. ii
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
Name of Learner: SHAREE NICOLE G. RESPICIO Grade: 11
Section: DILIGENT Date: ______________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Definition and Functions of

Management
Background Information for Learners:
Management is the process of coordinating and overseeing the work performance of

individuals working together in an organization so that they could efficiently and effectively
accomplish their chosen goals. Management is also known as group of individuals occupying
managerial positions. (Cabrera,et al. 3)
Managerial levels in an organization are typically classified into three: top-level
managers, middle-level managers and lower -level managers.
An individual involved in managing people is called a manager. Managers play a vital
role in an organization towards achieving the organization’s goals and objectives. They must
possess the necessary skills like conceptual skills, human skills and technical skills. Also,
effective managers must have the ability to influence others and most often they are persuasive
leaders. These traits are manifested as they carry out their functions.
The five functions of management are:
1. Planning- the process that involves the setting of the organization’s goals, establishing
strategies for accomplishing those goals and developing plans of action or means that
managers intend to use to achieve organizational goals.
2. Organizing- the process of allocating resources to achieve goals.
3. Staffing- the filling of different job positions in the organization’s structure.
4. Leading- the influencing or the motivating of subordinates to do their best, so that they would
be able to help the organization’s endeavor to attain their set goals.
5. Controlling- involves evaluating and correcting if necessary, of the work performance of
individuals or workgroups/teams to make sure that they are all working toward a common
direction or toward or toward the previously set goals/plans of the organization. ( Cabrera,et al. 3)
Learning Competency with code:
• Explain the meaning , functions and types and theories of management (ABM_AOM11-Ia-b1-
2)
Activity I
Directions/Instructions: Using the box below, clip letters from the word MANAGEMENT to
form new word and define it.
Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 1

Terminology: Cropped Word/s: You define Management as:
MEAT, TAME, NEAT,
 ACT OF GETTING
MATE, TEEN, MET, ATE
THINGS DONE
MANAGEMENT ANT, MEANT, MEAN,
TEN, TEA, NET, EAT,  PROCESS OF
TAME, AMENT, MANAGE DEALING WITH
THINGS OR
PEOPLE
Activity II
Directions/Instructions: Looking at the following pictures, identify what business resources
does each depicts and write it on the blank below the images.
ANSWERS:
1. Men/women/people/manpower
2. Money/financial resources
3. Materials/raw materials
4. Machines
5. Methods/procedures
6. Market/customers

Activity III
Arrange the jumbled letters to form a word and write your answer in the opposite box. Using the
other box below, write the functions of management in order and look for the definition of each
word in letter A.
JUMBLED LETTERS ANSWER
CERTIIGDN DIRECTING
ZGOGARGIINN ORGANIZING
ANNGNIPL PLANNING
TFAFSGIN STAFFING
TOONRLLGNIC CONTROLLING
Functions of Management
1. PLANNING
2. ORGANIZING
3. STAFFING
4. DIRECTING
5. CONTROLLING
A. Identification
STAFFING 1. This involves filling and keeping filled the positions provided in the
organization structure.
ORGANIZING 2. The grouping together of people, establishing relationship among them and
defining the authority and responsibility that the personnel have in the use
of company’s material resources to attain predetermined goals and
objectives.
CONTROLLING 3. This is the process of measuring and correcting the activities of
subordinates and the company itself to assure conformity to plans.
DIRECTING 4. A function of leading the employees to perform efficiently, and contribute their
optimum to the achievement of organizational objectives.
PLANNING 5. This refers to the formulation of objectives, programs, policies, procedures, rules
and regulations, in order to achieve the goals of the business.
Directions: Identify what function of management does each statement belong. Write P for
Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for Directing, and C for Controlling before the
number.
P 1. The most fundamental and the most pervasive of all management functions.
C 2. It measures the performance against goals and plans.
S 3. Placing right person to the right job.
S 4. Recruitment for attracting adequate number of potential employees to seek jobs in the
enterprise.

O 5. Identification of activities required for the achievement of enterprise objectives and
implementation of plans.
O 6. This involves establishing an intentional structure of roles for the men to fill in an
enterprise.
P 7. This involves forecasting that is making decisions in advance.
D 8. This involves motivation, leadership styles and approaches and communication.
P 9. This involves selecting the best course of action that a business or other enterprises and
every department will follow.
O 10. This is the identification or grouping of work to be done, the delegation of authority
and responsibility, and the establishment of relationships among
company’s material resources to attain common objectives.
Activity IV
Read and analyze the definition of management. Then, complete the Process of Management
using the graphic organizer below.
Management is defined in so many ways depending upon the viewpoints, beliefs, and
interpretations of the manager. However, from the book, Management for Filipinos of Dr.
Conrado E. Iñigo, Management is the distinct process of planning, organizing, staffing,
directing, and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives by the use of
human being and other business resources.
Guide Questions:
1. What are the functions of management? How does each function coordinated to one
another?
Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling. Planning is the foundation of
the other 4 functions of management. Planning will interlock and interrelate to
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Controlling function checks the
effectiveness and efficiency of what was planned.

2. What are the 6 M’s of management? How can you manage these effectively and
efficiently?
3. Men/women/people/manpower; money/financial resources; materials or raw
materials; machines; methods or procedures; and market. These are used harmoniously
through the functions of management (planning, organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling) so that the expected end-result may be attained, all within the anticipated
problems of time, effort and expenses.
Reflection:
“How can you apply or use the concept of Management in your daily activities?
Management is said to be the process of dealing with or controlling things or people that is why
we can apply the concept of management in our daily activities. Management is nothing but an
organized and professional way of doing things. This can be very well used in our daily lives.
Then we organize all our items and organize a particular timing to prepare; get all our resources
together. In leading we are the ones who lead and prepare the dish and ultimately in controlling
we test our dish ones prepared how it tastes and if there is still some missing component we add
some more to make it better. These same steps are used in a different manner as per our
situations. Hence this concept is used everywhere. For example, setting goals daily activities, like
I need to run some errands today, and so on.
Rubrics for Scoring:
Essay Rubric
Features 4 3 2 1
Quality of Very informative Somewhat Gives new Gives no new
Writing and well- informative and information but information and
organized organized poorly organized poorly organized
Ideas Presents original Presents ideas in Ideas are too Ideas are vague
and organized a consistent general or unclear
ideas manner
Understanding Writing shows Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
strong clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding understanding
Grammar Virtually no Few spelling A number of So many
spelling and and grammatical spelling and spelling and
grammatical errors grammatical grammatical
errors errors errors
Reference for learners:

1. Iñigo, Conrado E. (2005). Management for Filipinos. Parañaque City: Nelson
Publications.

2. Echanis, Erlinda S. & Rodriguez, Rafael A. (2001). Fundamentals of Management Text
& Philippine Cases. Mandaluyong City: Diwata Publishing Inc.
3. Cabrera, Ma.Helena F.,Anthony DC. Altarejos and Riza Benjamin. Organization
Management. Department of Education,Vibal Group Inc.,2016
4. Organization and Management.3G Elearning,2017
5. http://public.tepper.cmu.edu/ethics/AA/mgtmini.htm
Answer Key:
Activity I.
Terminology: Cropped Word/s: You define Management as:
Man/men
Manage
Answers may vary
Age
MANAGEMENT Team
Game
Meant
Gate
Mean
Emanate
Activity II
7. Men/women/people/manpower
8. Money/financial resources
9. Materials/raw materials
10. Machines
11. Methods/procedures
12. Market/customers
Activity III
Jumbled Letters Answer
CERTIIGDN DIRECTING
ZGOARGIINN ORGANIZING
ANNGNIPL PLANNING
TFAFSGIN STAFFING
TOONRLLGNIC CONTROLLING
Functions of Management
1. PLANNING 1. STAFFING
2. ORGANIZING 2.
ORGANIZING
3. STAFFING 3.
CONTROLLING
4. DIRECTING 4. DIRECTING
5. CONTROLLING 5. PLANNING
A. Identification
6.
1. PLANNING ORGANIZING
2. CONTROLLING 7. PLANNING
3. STAFFING 8. DIRECTING
4. STAFFING 9. PLANNING
5. ORGANIZING 10.
ORGANIZING
Activity IV
Guided Questions:
1. What are the functions of management? How is each function be coordinated to each other?
Answer: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling. Planning is the
foundation of the other 4 functions of management. Planning will interlock and interrelate to
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Controlling function checks the effectiveness
and efficiency of what was planned.
2. What are the 6 M’s of management? How to manage these effectively and efficiently?
Answer: Men/women/people/manpower; money/financial resources; materials or raw
materials; machines; methods or procedures; and market. These are used harmoniously
through the functions of management (planning, organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling) so that the expected end-result may be attained, all within the anticipated
problems of time, effort and expenses.

Name of Learner: SHAREE NICOLE G. RESPICIO Grade: 11
Section: DILIGENT Date: ______________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Evolution of Management Theories
Management theories help improve the management process. Most individuals wonder
how organizations came to existence and how they grew. Their existence, growth and modernity
can be explained through some theories or school of thought. While several theories have been
advanced to explain the structure, functioning and managing of organizations to date, none is
considered complete, or is accepted as being final. Each theory has some limitations and the
field of management theory is in the process of evolving.
The management theories were summarized below.
Evolution of Management Thought
Sourcehttps://www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/principles-ofmanagement-and-organisational-behaviour-
tutorial366
• Explain the meaning , functions and types and theories of management (ABM_AOM11-Ia-b1-
2)

Activity I
Directions/Instructions: Create a timeline to note the important periods of the School of

Management Thought. Use the format below to indicate your answer.
School of Theorist Contributions
Management
Scientific Charles Babbage ( 1792-1871) He stressed the means of
Management determining the feasibility
School of replacing manual
operations with machines
Frederick W. Taylor ( 1856-1915) Father of Scientific

Management; Develop a
science for each job with
standardized work
implements and efficient
methods for all to follow
Henry Gantt He developed the Gantt

Chart that provides graphic
presentation of the flow of
the work required to
complete a given task.
Frank (1868-1924) and Lillian The man and wife team

(1878-1972) Gilbreth developed a classification
scheme for the various
motions (17 basic hand
motions) used to complete a
job referring a motion as a
therblig

Organizational Henri Fayol He is the Father of the 14
School Principles of Management
Principles: Division of Work;
Authority and
Responsibility;
Unity of Command;
Subordination of Individual
interest to General interest;
Centralization; Scalar
Chain;
Stability of Tenure; Exprit
de Corps; Span of Control;
Simplicity; Unity of
Direction;
Order; Equity
Max Weber (1864-1920)
He described an ideal type

of organization that he
called a BUREAUCRACY,
a form of organization
characterized by division of
labor, a clearly defined
hierarchy, detail rules and
James D. Mooney and Alan C. regulations, and impersonal
Reilly relationships.
The fundamental principles

of organizations are: The
Coordination Principle; The
Chester Barnard (1886-1961) Scalar Principle; The
Functional Principle
Developed theories about

the functions of the manager
as determined by constant
interaction with the
environment. Also, he
developed set of working
principles by which
organization communication
systems can maintain final
authority for the
management team.

Chester Barnard He believed manager’s job
was to communicate and
stimulate employee’s high
level of effort; Actual
manager who thought
organizations were social
system that required
cooperation
Herbert A. Simon
He is best known for his
work in the field of decision
making and administrative
behavior.
The manager is an
administrative man, not an
economic man.
P.F. Drucker
Organizational Behavior
Behavioral School Robert Owen (1771-1858) Concerned about deplorable
working conditions;
Proposed idealistic
workplace; Argued that
money spend improving
labor was smart investment
Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916) He created the field of
Industrial Psychology-
scientific study of people at
work; Suggested using
psychological tests for
employee selection, learning
theory concepts for
employees training and
study of human behavior for
employee motivation
George Elton Mayo (1880-1949) His contribution to

management thoughts lies in
the recognition of the fact
that worker’s performance
is related to psychological,
sociological and physical
factors.

Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933) He is one of the first to
recognize that organization
could be viewed from the

perspective of individual
and group behavior;
Proposed more people-
oriented ideas than scientific
management followers;
Thought organizations
should be based on group
ethic
Abraham Maslow He proposed a hierarchy of
five needs: physiological,
safety, social, esteem and
selfactualization. This
theory is operationalized
through two principle: (1)
The deficit principle holds
that a relatively well-
satisfied need is not a strong
motivator of behavior (2) the
progression principle holds
that, once a need is fairly-
well satisfied, behavior is
dominated by the next level
in the need hierarchy.
Douglas McGregor (1906-1964)

formulation of two sets of
assumptions-Theory X and
Theory Y. Theory X-man by
nature is sluggish and
shirker. Theory Y-man
wants to work provided the
conditions are favorable.
Chris Argyris
He developed the theory
that both traditional
management practices and
organizational structure are
inconsistent with the growth
and development of the
matured personality.
Quantitative Features:
School
Primary Focus on Decision Making
Based on Economic Decision Theory
Use of Formal Mathematical Models

Use of Computers
Contributors:
W.C. Churchman, J.C. March, Forrest, H.A. Simon, Raiffa
Environment: During cold war recession,
conglomerates, industrial/military conflicts
Integrative Contingency Theory It is based on the notion that

School the proper management
technique in a given
situation depends upon the
nature and conditions of
that situation
Systems Theory (Open System,

Closed System, Socio-technical
system)

Contemporary Global Business The recent emergence of a
School truly global economy is
affecting every manager in
the world.
Theory Z These firms are those which

are highly successful
American firms that use
many of the Japanese
management practices. Type
Z firm features long-term
employment with a
moderately specialized
career path and slow
evaluation and promotion.
Mckinsey 7-S
Strategy, Structure,
Systems, Staff, Style, Skills,
Super ordinate goals
Excellence Successful firms make it a

point to know their
customers
and their needs; a successful
firm makes things happen
Consumers are encouraged

Quality and Productivity
to buy a product that
demonstrates the highest
level of quality at the
optimum price. This
requires a dedicated and
skilled work force that
places utmost importance on
quality workmanship
Activity II
Match the following management theorist to their respective thoughts. Write your answer in the
column before Column A.

Column A Column B
1. Frederick He is the father of Scientific Management Henri Fayol
W. Taylor
2. Henry He developed the Gantt Chart that provides Max Weber
Gantt graphic representation of the flow of the work
required to complete a task
3. Max He described an ideal type of organization called Henry Gantt
Weber Bureaucracy.
4. Abraham He proposed a hierarchy of five needs: Mckinsey

Maslow physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-
actualization.
5. Douglas He is best known for his formulation of two sets of Hugo Munsterberg
McGregor assumptions-Theory X and Theory Y.
6. He based on this notion: ‘Every situation is unique’ Theory Z
Contingency
Theory
7. These firms are those which are highly successful Frederick W. Taylor
Theory Z American firms that use many of the Japanese
management practices.
8. Mckinsey He proposed the 7-S factors: Strategy, Structure, Contingency Theory
Systems, Staff, Style, Skills, and Super ordinate
goals.
9. He is the Father of Principles of Management Abraham Maslow
Henri Fayol
10. Hugo He created the field of industrial psychology- Douglas McGregor
Munsterberg scientific study of people at work.
Activity III
The well-known contributors of the School of Management Thoughts are Frederick W. Taylor
and Henri Fayol. Using the given table, make a comparison essay focuses on similarities and
differences on the perspective and Focus of Taylor and Fayol.
Basis of Comparison Taylor Fayol
1. Focus Improving productivity through Improving
work simplification and administration general
standardization principles
2. Personality Scientists Practitioner

Activity IV
Complete the chart below by thinking of a concrete situation either in your home, school, or
community in which you can apply or use the following principles and identify how it was
applied.
Principles Individual or Organization How it was applied?
Scientific Scientific One of the greatest

Management management theory seeks contributions of scientific
to improve management in today's
an organization's efficienc organization is increasing the
y by systematically productivity. Scientific
improving the efficiency of management focuses on the
task completion by activities performed by the
utilizing scientific, workers in an organization. The
engineering, and importance of this was
mathematical analysis. The that scientific
goal is to reduce waste, management makes the
increase the process and workers or employees efficient
methods of production,
and create a just
distribution of goods.
Division of The division of work is the It is applicable to organizations
Work course of tasks assigned that have many employees as well
to, and completed by, a as those that have few. The
group of workers in order principle states that work should be
to increase divided amongst people that are
efficiency. Division of capable of doing the job and not be
work, which is also known overloaded to a concentrated few.
as division of labor, is the
breaking down of a job so
as to have a number of
different tasks that make
up the whole.
Authority and In an organization, Authority is the power to give

Responsibility dividing work among orders and get it obeyed or in
people and coordinating other words it is the power to
their activities towards a take
common objective needs decisions. Responsibility mean
to be done s state of being accountable or
efficiently. Authority and answerable for any obligation,
responsibility are two of trust, debt or something or in
the most important other words it means obligation
components of a smooth- to complete a job assigned on
functioning business. time and in best way.

Scalar Chain This is known as the formal Scalar chain depicts there should
lines of authority from highest be a clear line of authority in an
to lowest ranks. (NCERT, organization so that when one sees
2015). It is a hierarchy the need to “Escalate things” then
principle which is essential to you know the line of authority
initiate unity of direction.The (Bhasin, 2016). When faced with
principle emphasizes on emergencies or in catastrophic
communication means in an situations, one should know the
organisations being vertical, right line of authority to handle
therefore insisting that there such situations.
should be one single
uninterrupted chain of
authority existing in the
organisations.
Esprit de Corps This principle emphasizes on According to Merriam

team work and team spirit. For an
Webster, espirit de
organization to achieve the bestcorps is the common
result, there should be a unified
spirit existing in the
and effective integration and members of a group
coordination of both individual and inspiring
and group effort. However, unityenthusiasm, devotion,
is the strength of this principle.
and strong regard for
the honor of the group.
William et al. (2005)
sees esprit de corps as
the level to which
employees obliged to
common goal and to
one another in the
organization.
Span of Control It is very important to In simple
understand span of words, span of
control and organizational stru control means the
cture when describing manageable number
an organization. Simply, span of subordinates of a
of control refers to the number superior. The bigger
of subordinates under the the number of the
manager's direct control. subordinates a
manager controls,
the broader is
her/his span of
control. ... That is,
one manager
supervised four
employees on
average.
Simplicity The organizational structure A healthier way to
should be simple so that it is bring about business
easily understood by each and growth is by
every person. The authority, mastering simplicity.
responsibility and position of ... Organizational lea
every person should be made ders can take the
clear so that there is no first steps to
confusion about these achieving simplicity
things. ... It helps in smooth by staying focused
running of the organization. on defined goals and
eliminating
processes that deter
from those goals.
Unity of Command Fayol believes that A peek into
subordinates/employees should predominant situations
have only one boss. If an employee in most organisations
gets orders from two superiors at this days where work is
the same time, then the principle done in groups and
of unity of command is breached. teams, it simply
It simply puts that, employees suggests that each
should receive orders from and group will have a
report directly to one boss only. coordinator or
supervisor whom
orders are gotten from.
And, this coordinator is
not the sole or overall
manager
Centralization/Decentraliz This refers to the amount of It is when decision-
ation control lying with people in an making authority is
organization. It is the distributed throughout
concentration of decision making a larger group, mostly
authority in an organization in smaller businesses.
(Bhasin, 2016). Centralization is
when there are few selected people
in control of making decisions in
an organization, especially when
the concentration of control of an
organization is under a single
authority, this occurs mostly in
large organizations.
Order This does not mean, there is a This principle however
boss sitting at the top in the order states that every
of command and dishing orders to material in an
people on what to do or not to do. organization should be
It simply means, things in the put in its right position
organization should be done in an in the organization and
orderly manner, so therefore, if the right job be
work is not done in an orderly assigned to the right
manner in an organization, there employee
will be chaos.
Equity Equity means combination of The principle of
fairness, kindness & justice equality should be
towards employees. It simply followed and applied at
means for commitment and every level of
loyalty to be expected from management.
employees, they should be treated
fairly and similarly to people of
their level of position and
authority, most importantly, their
Managers should be less
impartial.
Guide Questions:
1. How can management be learned? Cite concrete situation or example.
At present, scholars have come to the conclusion that management
can be learned and taught. Moreover, even if not everyone has the potential to belong to
the most effective and successful managers such as Jack Welch, every manager
still can improve her or his skills through education. Management and leadership
skills are often used interchangeably as they both involve planning, decision-
making, problem-solving, communication, delegation, and time management.
Good managers are almost always good leaders as well.
2. Why is it important for every manager to be equipped with the different management
theories?
Using management theory in the workplace allows leadership to focus on their
main goals. ... Therefore, when one theory does not fit a particular situation, it
is important to explore the option of developing a new theory that would lead in
a new, more applicable direction. It's common for managers to use more than one
theory to achieve productivity or organizational goals. It is important for managers
to understand these different theories and know how to implement them, while
also realizing past management theories don't always tell the whole picture when
it comes to effective leadership.
Reflection:
“Which among the management of thoughts is the most applicable to you, to your family, and to
your school? Why?

Essay Rubric
Features 4 3 2 1
ideas manner
Compare and Contrast Rubric

Category 4 3 2 1
Purpose and The paper The paper The paper The paper
supporting compares and compares and compares and comparers or
details contrast items contrasts items contrasts items contrasts, but
clearly. clearly, but the clearly, but the does not include
supporting supporting both
information is information is
general incomplete

Organization and The paper The paper The paper Many details are
Structure breaks the breaks the breaks the not in a logical
information into information into information into or expected
whole-to-whole whole-to-whole, whole-to-whole, order. There is
similarities- similarities- similarities- little sense that
todifferences, or todifferences, or todifferences, to the writing is
point-by-point point-by-point point-to-point organized.
structure. It structure but structure, but
follows a does not follow some
consistent order a consistent information is in
when discussing order when the wrong
the comparison discussing the section. Some
comparison details are not in
a logical or
expected order,
and this distracts
the reader
Transitions The paper The paper Some transitions The transitions

moves smoothly moves from one work well; but between ideas
from one idea to idea to the next, connections are unclear or
the next. The but there is little between other nonexistent
paper uses variety. The ideas are fuzzy
comparison and paper uses
contrast comparison and
transition words contrast
to show transition words
relationships to show
between ideas. relationships
between ideas

Publications.
Answer Key:
Activity I

School of Theorist Contributions
Management
Scientific Charles Babbage ( 1792-1871) He stressed the means of
Management determining the feasibility of
School replacing manual operations
with machines
Frederick W. Taylor ( 1856-1915) Father of Scientific

Management; Develop a
science for each job with
standardized work implements
and efficient methods for all
to follow
Henry Gantt He developed the Gantt Chart

that provides graphic
presentation of the flow of the
work required to complete a
given task.
Frank (1868-1924) and Lillian The man and wife team

(1878-1972) Gilbreth developed a classification
scheme for the various
motions (17 basic hand
motions) used to complete a
job referring a motion as a
therblig

Organizational Henri Fayol He is the Father of the 14
School Principles of Management
Principles: Division of Work;
Authority and Responsibility;
Unity of Command;
Subordination of Individual
interest to General interest;
Centralization; Scalar Chain;
Stability of Tenure; Exprit de
Corps; Span of Control;
Simplicity; Unity of Direction;
Order; Equity
He described an ideal type of

Max Weber (1864-1920) organization that he called a
BUREAUCRACY, a form of
organization characterized by
division of labor, a clearly
defined hierarchy, detail rules
and regulations, and
impersonal relationships.
James D. Mooney and Alan C. The fundamental principles of

Reilly organizations are: The
Coordination Principle; The
Scalar Principle; The
Functional Principle
Chester Barnard (1886-1961) Developed theories about the

functions of the manager as
determined by constant
interaction with the
environment. Also, he
developed set of working
principles by which
organization communication
systems can maintain final
authority for the management
team.

Chester Barnard He believed manager’s job
was to communicate and
stimulate employee’s high
level of effort; Actual
manager who thought
organizations were social
system that required
cooperation
Herbert A. Simon
He is best known for his work
in the field of decision making
and administrative behavior.
The manager is an
administrative man, not an
economic man.
P.F. Drucker
Organizational Behavior
Behavioral School Robert Owen (1771-1858) Concerned about deplorable
working conditions; Proposed
idealistic workplace; Argued
that money spend improving
labor was smart investment
He created the field of
Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916) Industrial Psychology-
scientific study of people at
work; Suggested using
psychological tests for
employee selection, learning
theory concepts for employees
training and study of human
behavior for employee
motivation
His contribution to
George Elton Mayo (1880-1949) management thoughts lies in
the recognition of the fact that
worker’s performance is
related to psychological,
sociological and physical
factors.
He is one of the first to

Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933) recognize that organization

could be viewed from the
perspective of individual and
group behavior; Proposed
more people-oriented ideas
than scientific management
followers; Thought
organizations should be based
on group ethic
He proposed a hierarchy of
Abraham Maslow five needs: physiological,
safety, social, esteem and
selfactualization. This theory
is operationalized through two
principle: (1) The deficit
principle holds that a
relatively well-satisfied need
is not a strong motivator of
behavior (2) the progression
principle holds that, once a
need is fairly-well satisfied,
behavior is dominated by the
next level in the need
hierarchy.
Douglas McGregor (1906-1964)

formulation of two sets of
assumptions-Theory X and
Theory Y. Theory X-man by
nature is sluggish and shirker.
Theory Y-man wants to work
provided the conditions are
favorable.
Chris Argyris He developed the theory that

both traditional management
practices and organizational
structure are inconsistent with
the growth and development
of the matured personality.
Quantitative Features:
School
Primary Focus on Decision Making
Based on Economic Decision Theory

Use of Formal Mathematical Models
Use of Computers Contributors:
W.C. Churchman, J.C. March, Forrest, H.A. Simon, Raiffa
Environment: During cold war recession,
conglomerates, industrial/military conflicts
Integrative Contingency Theory It is based on the notion that

School the proper management
technique in a given situation
depends upon the nature and
conditions of that situation
Systems Theory (Open System,

Closed System, Socio-technical
system)
Contemporary Global Business The recent emergence of a

School truly global economy is
affecting every manager in the
world.
Theory Z These firms are those which

are highly successful
American firms that use many
of the Japanese management
practices. Type Z firm
features long-term
employment with a
moderately specialized career
path and slow evaluation and
promotion.
Mckinsey 7-S
Strategy, Structure, Systems,
Staff, Style, Skills, Super
ordinate goals
Excellence Successful firms make it a

point to know their customers
and their needs; a successful
firm makes things happen
Consumers are encouraged to

Quality and Productivity
buy a product that
demonstrates the highest level
of quality at the optimum
price. This requires a
dedicated and skilled work
force that places utmost
importance on quality
workmanship
Activity II
1. FREDERICK W. TAYLOR
2. HENRY GANTT
3. MAX WEBER
4. ABRAHAM MASLOW
5. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR
6. CONTINGENCY THEORY
7. THEORY Z
8. MCKINSEY
9. HENRI FAYOL
10. HUGO MUNSTERBERG
Activity III
Basis of Comparison Taylor Fayol
1. Focus Improving productivity Improving overal
through work simplification administration l
and standardization general principles throug
h
2. Personality Scientists Practitioner

Activity IV. Answers may vary

Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade: ______________
Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

Functions, Roles and Skills of a Manager
The organization and management’s success depends on how managers perform their
functions and roles. The term ‘manager’ is widely used term in the business world. Manager is a
person who has responsibility for the activities of other people in the organization. Hence, firm’s
president is called manager, a commander of a troop of managers. Despite of company’s high
end machineries, huge capital, strong brand, committed employees, and loyal customers, still the
success relies most on how managers effectively and efficiently perform their functions, roles
and equipped with managerial skills.
Manager’s Roles
In performing the various functions of management, a manager assumes various roles.
These are inherent behaviors for any manager of any kind of organization. Roles are patterns of
behavior that are expected of an individual in doing his functions. There are ten basic roles
displayed by managers.
The said roles are grouped into three main functions:

1. Interpersonal roles. The manager as a figurehead. He performs ceremonial activities, like
attending the wedding of his subordinates, public relations with customers, and similar
human relations. The manager is also the leader. He leads his subordinates through proper
motivation techniques. He also plays a liaison role. He does not only interact with his
subordinates and superiors, but also with suppliers and other clients.
2. Informational roles. In all his functions, a manager performs communication roles. He

monitors needed information and disseminates this to his subordinates. The manager is also a
spokesperson. He gives information to groups outside the organization.
3. Decision-making. Information provides inputs for decision-making. As a decision-maker, a

manager acts as an entrepreneur; that is, he improves the methods of operation, or introduces
new and better ways of doing things in his department. The manager may also be a
disturbance handler. He handles crises like strikes, violations of contracts, and similar
management problems. The manager is likewise a resource allocator. He allocates
productive resources like money, materials, machines and even time. In addition, he is also a
negotiator. He negotiates with suppliers and other clients of the organization.
Classification of managers
1. Based on their level in the company
a. Top managers - Senior executives of the firm, elected by shareholders
b. Middle managers - Senior executives of the firm, elected by shareholders
c. First-line managers - These are supervisors, who are in charge of the workers.

2. Based on the tasks for which they are responsible.
Example:
a. Production manager
b. Personnel manager
c. Finance manager
d. Sales manager
Skills of manager. The three basic skills that a manager must possess are:
1. Technical skill of a manager refers to the use of their expertise for them to perform their tasks
proficiently. Accountants, economists, bookkeepers, doctors lawyers, geologist uses their
knowledge and ability on their own specialized field. Just like these professionals, managers
must also know and be able to apply the technical aspects of his job.
2. Human skill refers to human relations. It is the ability to work effectively with people at all
levels in the organization’s internal and external environment. Possessing such skills, a
manager can easily motivate and influence people to work on the direction set by the
organization towards the achievement of its goals and objectives.
3. Conceptual The ability of the manager to visualize the welfare of the entire organization in
relation to wider environment as it provide possible solution to problems .(Cabrera et. al 9)
(Feliciano, F.R.(1997) Management, Rex Book Store, Inc)
Explain the functions, roles and skills of a manager (Quarter I, Week 2) AOM11-Ia-b-3
This self-learning activity sheet guides the learners to capacitate on the basic tasks of managers at
the different levels of the organization and comprehend how managers contributes to the
organization’s success.
Activity I
Directions/Instructions: Plot the levels of management on the pyramid.
Activity II
Based on the pictures given below, answer this question, ‘What do managers do? Write your
answer on the blanks.
Activity III
Levels-Skills Mix. Identify the managerial skills being described in the box at the right. Write
your answers on the inverted pyramid.

Activity II
Activity III

Activity IV
Identify the role performed by managers, write your answers on the space provided. After doing
it, categorize your answers by classifying where it belongs by filling up the box below.
1. This is the role played by managers when 2. Every manager must cultivate contacts
they initiate and coordinate activities in their with persons in other units within and outside
units. the organization.
1. LEADERSHIP ROLE 2. LIAISON ROLE
3. The manager informs and satisfies various 4. The manager has to perpetually scan the
groups and people who influence his environment for information, interrogates
organization such as shareholders and even liaison contracts and subordinates as it allows
government that the organization is fulfilling to monitor activities of the organization.
its social responsibilities.
3. SPOKESPERSON ROLE 4. MONITOR ROLE

5. The manager exercise a key role in the 6. Manager is like a fire fighter, he must seek
distribution of funds, personnel, materials solutions of various unanticipated problems
and other organizational resources. such as bankruptcy, withdrawal of suppliers
and customers and so on.
6. DISTURBANCE
5. RESOURCE ALLOCATOR ROLE HANDLER/PROBLEM
SOLVER ROLE
7. Since managers are the hub of information. 8. Managers are frequently involved in
They are have a key role in transmitting and negotiation activities such as suppliers,
disseminating such information to other parts customers, labor unions, governemnt and so
of the organization. on.
7.DISSIMINATOR ROLE
6. NEGOTIATOR ROLE
9. A role assumed by managers when they 10. In this role, the manager constantly looks
represent their respective units in the outside out for new ideas and seek to improve
world in ceremonial and civic activities. operations by adapting a certain conditions in
the environment.
9. FIGUREHEAD ROLE 10. ENTREPRENEURIAL ROLE

3 Classification of Roles
1. Interpersonal Roles
A. Figurehead
b. Leader
c. Liaison
2. Informational Roles
a. Monitor
b. Disseminator
c. Spokesperson
3. Decisional Roles
a. Entrepreneur
b. Disturbance handler
c. Resource allocator
d. Negotiator
Activity V
What is your stand regarding the statement ‘Managers are Born Not Made’. Elaborate your
answers by citing managers in your barangay or in your municipality and what made you think
they are potential managers.

Guide Questions:
1. Do you believe that Top management should possess conceptual skills over technical
skills?
-The top management carries out the conceptual skills because as it has the ultimate source
of authority, policy making body and set up organizational plans and frameworks.
Technical skills are relatively important at lower or operative management because these
perform most on technicalities of procedures, process, machines and making it sure that
they are efficient in any type of process or technique they perform.
2. How do managers contribute to the achievement of organizational goals?
-Managers are the major contributors of organizational success through carrying out
efficiently and effectively their roles, functions and skills as expected them to perform.
Reflection:
“As a student and aspiring young professional, how will you carry out your roles, functions and
skills in our family and school?
To be a student and aspiring young professional, it is not easy for us to carry our roles
and put it into action. We are different from school and in to homes. We are students
and yet we are also sons and daughters. In our own house's we are tasked and
obligated to follow and respect our parents, we must do house hold chores, and
including also is to watch out for your younger or sick sibling/s. In school we are only
task to learn. So its a different situation for a different way to act. And as an aspiring
young professionals we treat our parents or family members, classmates and teachers
as colleagues, for in this we may be prepared for the time that we can now be called
professionals.

Essay Rubric
Features 4 3 2 1
ideas manner

Publications.
4. Cabrera, Ma.Helena F.,Anthony DC. Altarejos and Riza Benjamin. Organization
Management. Department of Education,Vibal Group Inc.,2016
5. Organization and Management.3G Elearning,2017
Answer Key:
Activity I

Activity II
Activity III
Activity IV
7. LEADERSHIP ROLE
8. LIAISON ROLE
9. SPOKESPERSON ROLE
10. MONITOR ROLE
11. RESOURCE ALLOCATOR ROLE
12. DISTURBANCE HANDLER/PROBLEM SOLVER ROLE
13. DISSIMINATOR ROLE

14. NEGOTIATOR ROLE
15. FIGUREHEAD ROLE
16. ENTREPRENEURIAL ROLE
Activity V. Answer may vary
Guided Questions: Answer may vary
1. The top management carries out the conceptual skills because as it has the ultimate
source of authority, policy making body and set up organizational plans and frameworks.
Technical skills are relatively important at lower or operative management because these
perform most on technicalities of procedures, process, machines and making it sure that
they are efficient in any type of process or technique they perform.
2. Managers are the major contributors of organizational success through carrying out
efficiently and effectively their roles, functions and skills as expected them to perform.


Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________
Environmental Forces and Environmental Scanning

Just like human beings, business enterprises do not exist in isolation. Each business firm
is not an island unto itself; it exists, survives and grows within the context of the element and
forces of its environment. While an individual firm is able to do little to change or control these
forces, it has no alternative to responding or adapting according to them. A good understanding
of environment by business managers enable them not only to identify and evaluate, but also to
react to the external forces.
Definition of terms:
1. Environmental scanning means seeking for and sorting through data about the environment
2. External business environment refers to the factors/elements outside the organization which
may affect, either positively or negatively, the performance of the organization.
3. Internal business environment refers to the factors/elements within the organization which
may affect, either positively or negatively, the performance of the organization
Source:https://www.managementstudyhq.com/functions
-of-management.html
4. Micro-environment includes those players whose decisions and actions have a direct impact
on the company. Production and selling of commodities are the two important aspects of
modern business. Accordingly, the micro-environment of business can be divided.
5. Macro-environment is the condition that exist in the economy as a whole, rather than in a
particular sector or region. In general, the macro environment includes trends in the gross
domestic product (GDP, inflation, employment, spending, and monetary and fiscal policy.

The various constituents of micro-environment are as under:
1. Suppliers of inputs: An important factor in the external micro-environment of a firm is
the supplier of its inputs such as raw materials and components. Normally, most firms do not
depend on a single supplier of inputs. To reduce risk and uncertainty business firms prefer to
keep multiple suppliers of inputs.
2. Customers: The people who buy and use a firm’s product and services are an important
part of external micro-environment. Since sales of a product or service is critical for a firm's
survival and growth, it is necessary to keep the customers satisfied. A concern for customers’
satisfaction is essential for the success of a business firms. Besides, a business firm has to
compete with rival firms to attract customers and thereby increase the demand and market for
its product.
3. Marketing intermediaries: In the firm's external micro-environment, marketing
intermediaries play an essential role of selling and distributing its products to the final
customers. Marketing provides an important link between a business firm and its ultimate
customers.
4. Competitors: Different firms in an industry compete for sale of their products. This
competition may be based on pricing of their products and non- price competition through
competitive advertising such as sponsoring some events to promote the sale of different
varieties and models of their products. Because of liberalization and globalization of the Indian
economy since the adoption of economic reforms there has been a significant increase in the
competitive environment of business firms. Now, Indian firms must compete not only with
each other but also with foreign firms whose products can be imported. In America, American
firms faced a lot of competition from the Japanese firms producing electronic goods and
automobiles.
5. Publics: Finally, publics are an important force in external microenvironment.
Environmentalists, media groups, women’s associations, consumer protection groups, local
groups, Citizens Association are some important examples of publics which have an important
bearing on the business decisions of the firm. The existence of various types of publics
influences the working of business firms and compels them to be socially responsible.
External Macro Environment
Apart from micro-environment, business firms face large external environmental forces.
An important fact about external macro environmental forces is that they are uncontrollable by
the management. Because of the uncontrollable nature of macro forces a firm must adjust or
adapt it to these external forces. These factors are:
1. Economic Environment: Economic environment includes all those forces which have an
economic impact on business. Accordingly, total economic environment consists of
agriculture, industrial production, infrastructure, and planning, basic economic philosophy,
stages of economic development, trade cycles, national income, per capita income, savings,
money supply, price level and population.
2. Political-legal Environment: Business firms are closely related to the government. The
political- legal environment includes the activities of three political institutions, namely,
legislature, executive and judiciary which usually play a useful role in shaping, directing,
developing and controlling business activities.

3. Technological Environment: Technological environment is exercising considerable
influence on business. Technology implies systematic application of scientific or other
organized knowledge to practical tasks or activities. Business makes it possible for technology
to reach the people in proper format.
4. Global or International Environment: Global environment plays an important role in
shaping business activity. With the liberalization and globalization of the economy, business
environment of an economy has become totally different wherein it has to bear all shocks and
benefits arising out of global environment.
5. Socio-cultural Environment: Social and cultural environment also influences the
business environment indirectly. These include people’s attitude to work and wealth, ethical
issues, role of family, marriage, religion and education and also social responsiveness of
business.
6. Demographic Environment: The demographic environment includes the size and
growth of population, life expectancy of the people, rural-urban distribution of population, the
technological skills and educational levels of labor force. All these demographic features have
an important bearing on the functioning of business firms.
7. Natural Environment: Natural environment influences business in diverse ways.
Business in modern times is dictated by nature. The natural environment is the ultimate source
of many inputs such as raw materials and energy, which firms use in their productive activity.
The natural environment which includes geographical and ecological factors such as minerals
and oil reserves, water and forest resources, weather and climatic conditions are all highly
significant for various business activities.
8. Ecological Environment: Due to the efforts of environmentalists and international
organizations such as the World Bank the people have now become conscious of the adverse
effects of depletion of exhaustible natural resources and pollution of environment by business
activity. Accordingly, laws have been passed for conservation of natural resources and
prevention of environment pollution. These laws have imposed additional responsibilities and
costs for business firms.
Internal Environment
The factors in internal environment of business are to a certain extent controllable
because the firm can change or modify these factors to improve its efficiency. However, the
firm may not be able to change all the factors. The various internal factors are:
1. Value system: The value system of an organization means the ethical beliefs that guide
the organization in achieving its mission and objectives. It is a widely acknowledged fact that
the extent to which the value system is shared by all in the organization is an important factor
contributing to its success.
2. Mission and objectives: The business domain of the company, direction of development,
business philosophy, business policy etc. are guided by the mission and objectives of the
company. The objective of all firms is assumed to be maximization of profit. Mission is
defined as the overall purpose or reason for its existence which guides and influences its
business decision and economic activities.
3. Organization structure: The organizational structure, the composition of the board of
directors, the professionalism of management etc. are important factors influencing business

decisions. The nature of the organizational structure has a significant influence over the
decision-making process in an organization. An efficient working of a business organization
requires that the organization structure should be conducive for quick decision-making.
4. Corporate culture: Corporate culture is an important factor for determining the internal
environment of any company. In a closed and threatening type of corporate culture the
business decisions are taken by top level managers while the middle level and lower level
managers have no say in business decision- making. This leads to lack of trust and confidence
among subordinate officials of the company and secrecy pervades throughout the organization.
5. Quality of human resources: Quality of employees that is of human resources of a firm
is an important factor of internal environment of a firm. The characteristics of the human
resources like skill, quality, capability, attitude and commitment of its employees etc. could
contribute to the strength and weaknesses of an organization.
6. Labor unions: Labor unions collectively bargains with the managers for better wages
and better working conditions of the different categories of workers. For the smooth working
of a business firm good relations between management and labor unions is required.
7. Physical resources and technological capabilities: Physical resources such as, plant and
equipment and technological capabilities of a firm determine its competitive strength which is
an important factor for determining its efficiency and unit cost of production. Research and
development capabilities of a company determine its ability to introduce innovations which
enhances productivity of workers.
Specific Components of the External Business Environment
Stakeholders, Customers, Suppliers, Pressure groups, Organization’s investors or owners
and Employees.
Component of the Internal Business Environment
1. Resources – financial, physical, mechanical, technological, and human resources must
be subjected to internal analysis (SWOT) What Is a SWOT Analysis?
A SWOT analysis is a technique used to determine and define your Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT). SWOT analyses can be applied to an entire
company or organization, or individual projects within a single department. Most commonly,
SWOT analyses are used at the organizational level to determine how closely a business is
aligned with its growth trajectories and success benchmarks, but they can also be used to
ascertain how well a particular project – such as an online advertising campaign – is
performing according to initial projections.

Porter’s Five Forces
Porter’s Five Forces analysis is a framework that helps analyzing the level of
competition within a certain industry. It is especially useful when starting a new business or
when entering a new industry sector. According to this framework, competitiveness does not
only come from competitors. Rather, the state of competition in an industry depends on five
basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of
buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry
Source: https://www.business-to-you.com/porters-five-forces/
PESTEL Analysis.
A PESTEL analysis or PESTLE analysis (formerly known as PEST analysis) is a
framework or tool used to analyses and monitor the macro-environmental factors that may
have a profound impact on an organization’s performance. This tool is especially useful when
starting a new business or entering a foreign market. It is often used in collaboration with other
analytical business tools such as the SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five Forces to give a clear
understanding of a situation and related internal and external factors. PESTEL is an acronym
that stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors.
Source: https://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2017/12/20/pestel-analysis
Components of Environmental Scanning

1. Developing a competitive mindset – by seeking and sorting through data about
environment, you may be able to understand and predict the various changes, opportunities and
threats that may affect organizations in the future.
2. Considering future business scenarios – by realistic consideration of both worse- case
scenario or unfavorable future conditions, as well as middle ground possible conditions, you
will have an idea or what to do in the future
3. Business prediction (also known as business forecasting) – is a method of predicting how
variables in the environment will alter the future of business. It could be used in making
decisions regarding offshoring, branching out locally, and expanding or downsizing the
company. However, the accuracy of such business predictions cannot always be assured.
Benchmarking – the process of measuring or comparing one’s own products, services, and
practices with those of the recognized industry leaders in order to identify areas for
improvement.
This activity sheet serves as your self-learning guide. It tests your ability to observe and
analyze how environment affects business particularly in your community.
Learning Competency:
Analyze various forces/elements influencing local and international business environment using
PEST and SWOT strategies (ABM_AOM11-Ic-d-4-6)
Activity I. Mind Mapping
Direction: Write any word, phrases or sentences that you think describes business
environment.
1. Business Environment refers to the factors or elements affecting business

organization. It divided into the External and Internal Business Environment.
EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT includes the factors and
elements outside the organization which may affect its performance, either
positively or negatively. INTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT refers to
the factors or elements within the organization which may also affect its
performance, either positively or negatively.
2. The importance of business environment and its understanding by
managers can be appreciated if we consider the following facts:
a) It enables the firm to identify opportunities and getting the first
mover advantage.
b) It helps the firm to identify threats and early warning signals. c) It helps
in tapping useful resources.
d) It helps in coping with rapid changes.
e) It helps in assisting in planning and policy formulation. f) It helps in
improving performance.
3. Dimensions of, or the factors constituting the business environment include
economic, social, technological, political and legal conditions which are considered
relevant for decision-making and improving th performance of an enterprise.
Activity II: Short Answer Type Question

Direction: Based from the Mind Mapping exercise, answer the following questions with 2-3
sentences only.

1. What is your idea about business environment?
The word 'business environment' indicates the aggregate total of all people,
organisations and other forces that are outside the power of industry but that may
affect its production. Business environment brings both threats and
opportunities to a business. Hence, understanding of environment helps the
management in future planning and decision making. For example, competition
increases with the entry of new firms in the market.
2. Why is it important for business enterprises to understand their environment? Explain
briefly.
It is important for business organizations to understand their
environment because of the following reasons. It Helps the Firm to Identify
Threats and Early Warning Signals Environmental awareness can help
managers to identify various threats on time and serve as an early warning
signals.
3. Mention the various dimensions of business environment.
There are 5 dimensions to business environment. These are economic,
social, legal, political and technological.
Activity III: Let Me Think Deeper!

Directions: Going deeper with the business environment, determine what analysis should be
used before engaging with the following business event or activity. Write S when SWOT
Analysis is to be used and P if PESTLE Analysis is to be used.
1. Launching a new initiative -S

2. Revamping internal policies -S
3. Pivoting business direction -S
4. Changing a plan during its execution -S
5. Evaluating the effectiveness of the decision made -P
6. Entering a new country, region, or market -P
Activity IV: Rebus Puzzle with a Twist.

Directions: Determine the word described in each statement below. Draw your answer from the
Rebus Puzzle.
1. These are the internal, positive attributes of your company.
Strength

2. These are the things that you need to improve to be competitive.
Weakness
3. These are the external factors in your business environment that are likely to contribute to
your success.
Opportunities
4. You may convert this as your strength when it occurs.
Threats
5. _______
Environment

Activity V. SWOT Analysis
Directions: Using the template below, perform a SWOT Analysis for an Internet Café that you
are planning to put up in your own municipality. Based on your analysis, is it possible that your
internet cafe will succeed? Explain your answer. Use separate sheet for your answers.
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
-The passion and commitment -The lack of funding to purchase
demonstrated by the business owners additional IT equipment to reach
new markets
-Competent and experienced
personnel -The lack of capacity to meet a wider
market
-The strong thriving entrepreneurial
spirit of the business owner
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
-The possible support from the -The existing numbers of competitors
internet users
PESTLE Analysis
As early as January of 2020, you are already thinking of putting up a grocery store in your
public market on or before September 2020. September 2020 is fast approaching but several
factors have prompted into your mind whether to continue the opening of your business or not
due to the problem of COVID 19.
Question: Identify changes in business environment under different heads —
economic, social, technological, political and legal that have facilitated the
companies’ decisions to plan significant investments in organized retailing. Use the template
below for your answer.
POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL o TECHNOLOGICA LEGAL
f L
Liberalization Rising customer Preference Direct
of the people Better quality investment
Income
economic products among
Increase
policies retailing
aspiration
sectors
levels

Reflection: In this activity, I
learned that…
Environmental
scanning is the process of
gathering information about
events and their
relationships within an
organization's internal and
external environments. The
basic purpose
of environmental
scanning is to help
management determine the
future direction of the
organization. The point of
a SWOT analysis is to help
you develop a
strong business strategy by
making sure you've considered
all of your business's strengths
and weaknesses, as well as the
opportunities and threats it
faces in the marketplace. By
examining the Political,
Economical, Social,
Technological, Legal, and
Environmental
factors, firms will gain
valuable advantages. ...
The advantages
of PESTLE analysis involve

being cost effective,
providing a deeper
understanding of business,
alertness to threats, and a
method to exploit
opportunities.
Complete this statement. Rubrics for Scoring:
References for learners:

1. Iñigo, Conrado E. (2005). Management for Filipinos. Parañaque City: Nelson Publications.
2. Echanis, Erlinda S. & Rodriguez, Rafael A. (2001). Fundamentals of Management Text &
Philippine Cases. Mandaluyong City: Diwata Publishing Inc.
3. Cabrera, HM, Altajeros,A DC, & Benjamin (2016). Organization and Management
Answer Key:
Activity I
Possible Answers
3. Business Environment refers to the factors or elements affecting business
organization. It divided into the External and Internal Business Environment.
EXTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT includes the factors and
elements outside the organization which may affect its performance, either
positively or negatively. INTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT refers to
the factors or elements within the organization which may also affect its
performance, either positively or negatively.
4. The importance of business environment and its understanding by
managers can be appreciated if we consider the following facts:
c) It enables the firm to identify opportunities and getting the first
mover advantage.
d) It helps the firm to identify threats and early warning signals. c) It helps
in tapping useful resources.
f) It helps in coping with rapid changes.
g) It helps in assisting in planning and policy formulation. f) It helps in
improving performance.
3. Dimensions of, or the factors constituting the business environment include
economic, social, technological, political and legal conditions which are considered
relevant for decision-making and improving th performance of an enterprise.
Activity II Answer may vary
Activity III
1. S
2. S
3. S
4. S
5. P
6. P
Activity IV
1. Strength
2. Weaknesses
3. Opportunities
4. Threats
5. Environment
Activity V Answer may vary
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
-The passion and commitment -The lack of funding to purchase
demonstrated by the business owners additional IT equipment to reach new
markets
-Competent and experienced personnel
-The lack of capacity to meet a wider
-The strong thriving entrepreneurial
market
spirit of the business owner

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
-The possible support from the internet -The existing numbers of competitors
users
Activity VI
POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL o TECHNOLOGICA LEGAL
f L
Liberalization Rising customer Preference Direct
of the people Better quality investment
Income
economic products among
Increase
policies retailing
aspiration
sectors
levels

Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________

Forms and Economic Roles of Business Organizations

Small and large businesses drive economic stability and growth by providing
valuable services, products and taxes that directly contribute to the health of the
community. They also provide jobs, strengthening the economic health of each
community where a business is based. Even if a business is headquartered elsewhere,
employing people at each local business contributes to the success of that region, as with
the wages they earn, people buy property, work, shop and otherwise invest in where
they live. Hence, success in business translates to the economic well-being of a
company and its residents through job creation and offering improved quality of life for
the country’s citizens.
As business students, you need to be familiar to the forms of the business
organizations which contribute a great impact on the economic development wherein
you may choose the best business organization you wish to engaged with.
This activity sheet is intended to assessed your deep understanding of the
different forms of business organization and examine each economic roles in the
community and to the world.
Analyze the forms and economic roles of business organizations (ABM_AOM11-Ic-d-7)
Activity I. Fill Me Up!!!
The matrix shows the characteristics of each forms of business organization.
Directions: Fill-out the blank by giving the items needed in each column. You will be given 1
point in each correct answer.
ITEMS Sole Partnership Corporation Cooperatives
Proprietorship
1. Number 1 2 or more At least 15 15 or more

of possible
owners
2. Owner (but he Partners (or Board of Board of

Management may hire may hire Directors and Directors and
(who somebody) managers) Operating Operating
manages the Management Management
business
3. Death of the Death of any As stated in the As stated in

Termination owner partner or Articles of the Articles of
of the withdrawal Incorporation, Cooperative,
business of a partner not exceed 50 not to exceed
years 50 years

4. In limited capacity, In limited SEC DA
Government DTI capacity, DTI
agency
assigned
primarily to
regulate
5. Transfer Sell the business Sell the Sell stocks Cannot

of ownership (it’s new entity business of transfer nor
under a new interest of the sell its
owner) partner (consent membership
of other partner
is necessary
6. Liability Unlimited Generally Limited to the Limited to the

of Owners unlimited stock capital
except for the investment of contribution of
limited the shareholders the member
partners who’s
liability is
limited only
to the extent
of his
contribution
Activity II. Assessing Scenarios in Business Organization. This will test your ability to
distinguish the different forms of business organization.
Direction: Assess the following scenario and answer the questions following it.
1. Suppose you want to open your own sari-sari store that will need PHP10, 000 to start and
you used your PHP10, 000 savings to start the said business. You are the sole owner of the said
sarisari store. What form of business you are to engage with?
Single Proprietorship
2. What if the needed amount to start your dream sari-sari store is PHP50, 000 and you only
have PHP25, 000 cash savings. You ask Juan, your friend if he is willing to invest his PHP25,
000 and become part owner of the sari-sari store. Assuming he agrees, what form of business
organization was created?
Partnership
3. Assuming your dream is to open a grocery store and not just a sari-sari store but you will
need PHP1, 000, 000 to start the said business. You have only PHP25, 000, your friend Juan has
PHP25, 000, and your mother is willing to invest her PHP50, 000, but still these are not enough
to start your dream grocery store. Where will you get the money to raise the PHP1 million?
What form of business will you set up?
Corporation
Activity III. Short answer question. Answer the following in 2-3 sentences.
1. What is the role of business in the market?
Marketing is an essential process to the success of your small business.
Marketing involves researching, packaging and presenting products and
services to consumers. Good marketing campaigns help drive sales and
better inform your consumer about your business. Discuss the functions
of marketing with your company team members to understand their role in
selling your products and services.
2. What is the role of business trade and commerce?
Trade focuses on only buying and selling. Commerce focuses on buying
selling along with other activities such as insurance , transportation,
warehousing , advertising etc. Commerce is the subject
of business and trade . Business is related to manufacturing, production
and consumption process of goods and services .
3. What is the role of business in product or service specialization?
Specialization is a method of production whereby an entity focuses on the
production of a limited scope of goods to gain a greater degree of
efficiency. ... This specialization is thus the basis of global trade, as few
countries have enough production capacity to be completely self-
sustaining.
4. What is the role of business in the economy?

In any market economy, business plays a huge role. Business is the engine
of an economy. Business provides jobs that allow people to make money
and goods and services that people can buy with the money they make. ... In
any but the most primitive economies, people need to be able to buy goods
and services.
Activity IV. Assess which among the forms of business organization is being describe from
the following statements. Choose your answers from the choices below.
1. It has a few departments, centralized authority with a wide span of control, and with
few formal rules and regulations.
2. This business organization group together those with similar or related specialized
duties that introduce the concept of delegation of authorities to the managers.
3. Each division has its own functional organization and its own manager.
4. Immediate revenues or cost factors accounts their success or failure.

Exercise V. Essay.
1. In your opinion, what is the difference between profit and non- profit business
organization? Which is easier to manage? Explain your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 2.
If you choose a business which will contribute to the development of economy, which
among the business organization you wish to engage with: Single proprietorship,
Partnership, Corporation, or Cooperative. Why?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Reflection:
I realized that…
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
I resolved that…
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Rubrics for scoring Essay
Features 4 3 2 1
Quality of Very Somewhat Give new Give no new

Writing informative and informative and information but information and
well-organized organized poorly very poorly
organized organized
Ideas Present ideas in Presents ideas Ideas are too Ideas are vague
an original in a consistent general or unclear
manner manner

Grammar Virtually Few spelling A number of So many

no and grammatical spelling and spelling and
spelling errors grammatical grammatical
and errors errors
grammatical
errors
Publications.
Answer Key:

Activity I
ITEMS Sole Partnership Corporation Cooperatives
Proprietorship
1. Number 1 2 or more At least 15 15 or more

of possible
owners
2. Owner (but he Partners (or Board of Board of

Management may hire may hire Directors and Directors and
(who somebody) managers) Operating Operating
manages the Management Management
business
3. Death of the Death of any As stated in the As stated in

Termination owner partner or Articles of the Articles of
of the withdrawal Incorporation, Cooperative,
business of a partner not exceed 50 not to exceed
years 50 years
4. In limited capacity, In limited SEC DA

Government DTI capacity, DTI
agency
assigned
primarily to
regulate
5. Transfer Sell the business Sell the Sell stocks Cannot

of ownership (it’s new entity business of transfer nor
under a new interest of the sell its
owner) partner (consent membership
of other partner
is necessary
6. Liability Unlimited Generally Limited to the Limited to the

of Owners unlimited stock capital
except for the investment of contribution of
limited the shareholders the member
partners who’s
liability is
limited only
to the extent
of his
contribution
Activity II
1. Single Proprietorship
2. Partnership
3. Corporation
Activity III. Possible answer

1. Business organizations bring consumers and producers together to coordinate the
exchange of resources. Both the buyer and seller must stand to gain from the trade or else
the transaction will not occur.
2. Trade is what increases our standard of living. Instead of having to produce everything
that you consume on your own, you are able to trade with others and obtain a higher
quality of life
3. Businesses bring “specialized” people, equipment, and other resources together and
coordinate the production of goods and services.
4. Business answers the four (4) economic problem which includes what to produce, when
to produce, how much to produce and whom to produce.
Activity IV
1. Simple
2. Functional
3. Divisional
4. Profit
5. Non-profit
6. Flexible
Activity V. Answers may vary


Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________
Phases of Economic Development

Although material wealth accumulation is among the concerns of genuine economic

development, its greater concern is the total improvement of the quality of people’s lives.
This in turn, is related to sustainable economic development issues in a country which
greatly influences business management.
Sustainable economic development ensures that the present needs of particular
generation are fully met without endangering the ability of future generations to also fully
meet their own needs. Hence, as future business managers you must be conscious of your
own decisions for in maintaining the ecological elements in its safe state.
This learning activity will teach you how differentiate the phases of economic
development and learn its impact to business environment.
Differentiate the phases of economic development and its impact to business
environment
(ABM_AOM11-Ic-d-8)
Activity I. Jumbled Letters with one Word.
This will test your ability to distinguish the kinds of economic system.
Directions: Identify what word that the following statements convey. As a clue, find the
oneword answer from the jumbled letters. Note: Not all the letters are included in your
answer.
1. Privately owned capital, and property rights are privately invested with the ultimate aim of
personal gain. MIMPITTAALASC.
2. The ownership of production and capital by the government and the regulation by society
as a whole, of the process of production and distribution, and of the giving of essential
services. LIMSSCCIIOA.
3. The collective ownership by the government of consumption goods and production goods.
CMMUNNOCIMS. .

Activity II. Multiple Choice. This will help you understand deeper the criteria in classifying
phases of economic development.
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer on the questions below.
1. All of the following are criterion in classifying phases of Economic development, choose
which least likely to be included.
a) Means of Livelihood
b) Medium of Exchange
c) Status of family Income
d) Extent of Economic Activity
Choices for numbers 2-6
a) Agricultural Phase d) Industrial Phase
b) Hunting & Fishing Phase e) Pastoral Phase
c) Handicraft Phase f.) Continental Phase
2. Which among the following is the period when machineries were used in factories and
industrial plants.
3. This phase made it necessary for man to satisfy the needs of his group during seasons of
inclement weather and realization of greater need for planning, saving and setting aside of
stocks.
4. This was the period of medieval guilds.
5. This is the phase when our ancestors did not breed for domesticate animals.
6. This was the phase where man’s need for a continuous food supply led the concept of land
ownership and man began to work as farmer and fisherman.
7. Ascertain which among the following is least likely to be an economic activity? a)
Household Economy
b) Village Economy
c) National Economy
d) Money Economy
8. It is a medium of exchange wherein money was not used, instead, commodity is offered. a)
Barter
b) Credit
c) Transfer
d) Exchange

9. It is the power of obtain economic goods and services in exchange for the promise to pay
the agreed equivalent at some future time. a) Barter
b) Credit
c) Transfer
d) Exchange
10. which of the following is least likely to be a medium of exchange?
a) Barter
b) Credit
c) Transfer
d) Exchange
Activity III. Script Writing.

Write a script portraying the different phases of economic development as to extent of
economic activity. Imagine that you will perform this script for 7-10 minutes. (Use Separate
Sheet)
Activity IV
Compare and contrast the phases of economic development base on the medium of
exchange used using VENN Diagram.
Activity V. Essay. Explain the means of livelihood in the economic development and its great
impact in business environment.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
______________________________________________________________________________

Reflection:
Complete these statements:
I realized that
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
______________________________________________________________________________
I resolved that
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
_____________________________________________________________________________
_
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_ Rubrics for Scoring: Scoring Rubrics
Features 4 3 2 1
ideas manner


Publications.
Answer Key:
Activity I
1. Capitalism
2. Socialism
3. Communism
Activity II
1. C
2. D
3. E
4. C
5. B
6. A 7. D
8. A
9. B
10. D
Activity III. Answer may vary

Activity IV. Answer may vary
Activity V. Answer may vary

ORGANIZATION AND
MANAGEMENT
Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________
Nature, Levels and Types of Planning
Background Information for Learners

Planning is the most basic of all managerial functions. It is the process by which managers
establish goals and define the methods by which these goals are to be attained. It requires
decision making, which is choosing among alternative future courses of action. It may also be
treated as a process of thinking before doing.
Management has to plan by looking ahead into the future, by estimating and
evaluating the future behavior of the relevant environment and by determining
the enterprise's own desired role.
Plans have two (2) basic components: goals and action statements.
Goals represent an end state – the targets and results that managers hope to
achieve. Action statements represent the means by which an organization
goes ahead to attain its goals.
The nature of planning can be understood by examining its four (4) major aspects:
• Every plan and all its support should contribute to the achievement of the organization’s
purpose and objectives through willing and purposeful co-operation.
• Planning comes first before execution of all other managerial functions as it involves
establishing the objectives necessary for all group efforts.
• Planning is a unique and universal function of all managers.
• Plans are efficient if they achieve their objective at a reasonable cost, when such a cost
is measured not only in terms of time, money, or production, but also in terms of
satisfaction of the individual or group.
TYPES OF PLANS
1. Strategic Plan – This is a high-level overview of the entire business, its vision, objectives,
and value. This plan is the foundational basis of the organization and will dictate decisions
in the longterm. The scope of the plan can be two (2), three (3), five (5), or even 10 years.

The strategic plan must be forward-looking, robust but flexible, with a keen focus on
accommodating future growth. The components of a strategic plan are:
• Vision – Where does the organization want to be five years from now? How does it want to
influence the world?
• Mission – The mission statement is a more realistic overview of the company’s aim and
ambitions. Why does the company exist? What does it aim to achieve through its
existence?
• Values –These values will guide managers and influence the kind of employees you hire.
Example:
VISION To refresh the world.

To inspire moments of optimism and happiness. To create
value and make a difference.
MISSION Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful
of our overall responsibilities.
Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping
build and support sustainable communities.
Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that
anticipate and satisfy people's desires and needs.
VALUES Leadership: The courage to shape a better future
UPHOLD Collaboration: Leverage collective genius
Integrity: Be real
Accountability: If it is to be, it's up to me
Passion: Committed in heart and mind
Diversity: As inclusive as our brands
Quality: What we do, we do well
2. Tactical Plan – A tactical plan answers "how do we achieve our strategic plan?" It breaks
down the broader mission statements into smaller, actionable chunks. Creating tactical
plans is usually handled by mid-level managers.
There are some components shared by most tactical plans:
Specific Goals with Fixed Deadlines
The tactical plan will break down the broad ambition into smaller, actionable goals.
The goal should be highly specific and have fixed deadlines.
Budgets
This should include the budget for hiring personnel, marketing, sourcing,
manufacturing, and running the day-to-day operations of the company.
Resources

The tactical plan should list all the resources you can gather to achieve the
organization’s aims. This should include human resources, IP, cash resources,
etc.
Marketing, Funding, etc.
Finally, the tactical plan should list the organization’s immediate marketing, sourcing,
funding, manufacturing, retailing, and PR strategy.
Example:
1. Provide training for managers
and supervisors. Deadline: July-August,
Specific goals with
2020
deadline
2. Conduct job fairs at local schools.
Deadline: AprilJune, 2021
Budget (estimated amount) 3. ₱150,000.00
Marketing and funding 4. Promote through Social Media and

tarpaulins. Online Fundraising, T-shirt fundraising,
Promos.
3. Operational Plan – This plan describes the day-to-day running of the company. The
operational plan is created to achieve the tactical goals within a realistic timeframe and
the responsibility of low-level managers and supervisors. This plan is highly specific with
an emphasis on short-term objectives.
Examples of operational goals:
“Process 150 sales applications each week”, “Publish 20 books this quarter”,
“Increase sales to 150 units/day” “Hire 50 new employees”
• Operational plans can be either single use, or ongoing, as described below:

Single Use Plans – These plans are created for events/activities with a single
occurrence. This can be a one-time sales program, a marketing campaign, a
recruitment drive, etc. Single use plans tend to be highly specific.
Ongoing Plans – These plans can be used in multiple settings on an ongoing basis.
Ongoing plans can be of different types, such as:
Policy – A policy is a general document that dictates how managers should
approach a problem. It influences decision making at the micro level. Specific
plans on hiring employees, terminating contractors, etc. are examples of policies.
Example: “All servers and crews must be at least 18 years old.” “Zero-tolerance” for
harassment.” “Observe proper dress code.”
Rules – Rules are specific regulations according to which an organization functions.
The rules are meant to be hard coded and should be enforced stringently.
Example: “No smoking within premises”, or “Employees must report by 9 a.m.”

Procedure – A procedure describes a step-by-step process to accomplish a particular
objective.
Example: Detailed guidelines on hiring employees (screening, interview, assessment,
background check, medical, decision)
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Discuss the nature and levels of planning and types of plans. (ABM_AOM11-Ie-g-10-11)
ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Identify the word being asked in each item, afterwards, locate the word from
the grid below by using straight lines. Avoid erasures. Good luck and enjoy learning!
11. _ _A_N_ _G – the process of
1. A_ _ E_N_TI_E – one of deciding how to do something
the courses of action that can be before you start to do it.
chosen. 12. _TR_N_T_ – qualities and
2. EF_E_ _IV_ – successful in abilities that people have which are
achieving a desired or intended an advantage to them.
result. 13. T_ _G_T – direct toward a
3. _FF_CI_ _T – achieving specific object.
objectives at a reasonable cost. 14. _N_V_R_A_ – applicable in all
4. F_U_ _AT_ _N – an underlying cases.
basis. 15. W_A_N_S_ – an inadequate or
5. _UN_ _I_N – the purpose of a defective quality.
person or thing in a plan.
6. _U_UR_ – events that
will likely to happen in time to
come.
7. G_ _ _ – an aim, desired
result.
8. _AN_GE_ – an individual who
assumes responsibility for the
work of his team.
9. O_ _E_TI_ _ – is something you

are trying to achieve.
10. _ _ G_ _I_ATI_ _ – a collection of
people working together for a
common purpose.

DIRECTIONS: Arrange the following sentences in the boxes below following the
steps in the planning process.
• Write the appropriate sentence in each box. Anticipate future events and identify the
things that may help or hinder progress toward your goals.
• Define your goals or by identifying desired outcomes in very specific ways.
• Determine where you stand in relation to set goals; know your strengths and
weaknesses.
• Implement the plan and evaluate results; take corrective action and revised plans needed.
• Analyze and choose among action alternatives; list and carefully evaluate possible
actions and choose the alternative most likely to accomplish goals.
1 2 3
4 5

ACTIVITY 3
DIRECTIONS: Determine the plan of your school for the next five years by
interviewing any personnel from the Administrative department (through online or
call/text in observance of the proper health protocol) then answer the activity below.
Avoid erasures.
I. STRATEGIC PLAN
Directions: Write down the vision, mission, and values to be upheld by your
school for the next five (5) years.
Vision
Mission
Values
Uphold (Core
Values)

I. TACTICAL PLAN
Directions: Based on the answers on strategic plan, write down the specific
goals with deadlines, budgets, resources, marketing, and funding of your
school for the next five (5) years. Answer briefly.
Specific goals with

deadline
Budget (estimated
amount)
Resources
Marketing and funding
II. OPERATIONAL PLAN

Directions: Write down the policies, rules, and procedures of your school for the
next five (5) years.
Policies
Rules

Procedures
ACTIVITY 4
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. How would you describe strategic, tactical and operational plans?
2. What is the importance of each plan in an organization?
_______________________________________________________________________
RUBRICS FOR SCORING ACTIVITY 3:
CRITERIA SCORE
Orderliness
5 4 3 2 1
The procedure followed carefully.
Accuracy
5 4 3 2 1
The information in the chart are CORRECT.
Neatness
5 4 3 2 1
The output is neat and legible.
Creativeness
5 4 3 2 1
The output is presentable and has an impact to the evaluator.
Originality and Precision
The content of the output is correct and it was not copied from 5 4 3 2 1
other outputs.
REFLECTION:
The things I have learned…

__________________________________________________________________
The things I want to learn more about…
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS:

1. Organization and Management; Cabrera, Helena Ma F, et al.Vibal Group, Inc.
2. https://businessmgtblog.wordpress.com/2017/08/13/242/
3. http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildWordSearch.asp
4. https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/principles-
ofmanagement/organizational- planning
5. https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/organisation-departments-in-a-business
6. https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-planning-strategic-tacticaloperational-
contingency-planning.html
7. https://digitalambition.co/marketing-activities/
8. https://worksheets.theteacherscorner.net/make-your-own/crossword/
9. https://onstrategyhq.com/wpcontent/uploads/AcmeCorporation.fullstrategicplan
10. Hanks, Gerald. (2016) Differentiation and Integration in Organization
Development; http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differentiation-
integrationorganization-development- 70838.html
11. http://secteam.com/2017/08/01/forecasting-planning-tool-common-issuesavoid
12. https://www.slideshare.net/bryanarreo/depeds-new-vision-mission-andcore-values
13. www.dictionary.com
14. https://www.restobiz.ca/five-policies-you-need-to-enforce-with-yourrestaurant-
employees
15. https://www.coca-colacompany.com/company/purpose-and-vision
ANSWER KEY:

ACTIVITY 1:
1. ALTERNATIVE
2. EFFECTIVE
3. EFFICIENT
4. FOUNDATION
5. FUNCTION
6. FUTURE
7. GOAL
8. MANAGER
9. OBJECTIVE
10. ORGANIZATION
11. PLANNING
12. STRENGTH
13. TARGET
14. UNIVERSAL
15. WEAKNESS
Scoring: 1 point for the correct term and 1 point for the correct location on the grid.
ACTIVITY 2:
1. Define your goals or by identifying desired outcomes in very specific ways
2. Determine where you stand in relation to set goals; know your strengths and
weaknesses.
3. Anticipate future events and identify the things that may help or hinder progress toward
your goals.
4. Implement the plan and evaluate results; take corrective action and revised plans
needed.
5. Analyze and choose among action alternatives; list and carefully evaluate possible
actions and choose the alternative most likely to accomplish goals.
ACTIVITY 3. ANSWERS MAY VARY


Name of Learner: _____________________________________Grade: ______________
Section: _____________________________________________Date: ______________
Planning Tools and Techniques

One of the basic but meticulous aspect of building and keeping a business is planning in
decision making. Leaders of either big or small businesses are faced of making
hundreds of decisions every day and every decision may break or make the business’
success. That’s why, planning before making a decision for the business requires rigid
and careful attention.
Before jumping into a decision for your business, leaders must identify first the
problem, gather realistic information, identify alternatives, choosing among the
alternatives and review the results. In doing so, there are different techniques that can
be used by the leaders to help choose among the alternatives and come up with the best
decision. Planning Tools and Techniques
A. SWOT Analysis/SWOT Diagram

Idashboard.com
▪ SWOT acronym stands for
Strength,
Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.
▪ The primary objective of SWOT
analysis is for the leaders/managers to
become aware of their environment and
discover a strategy that highlights their
strengths and opportunities and to
overcome weaknesses and threats. ▪ To
identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, you should be
acquainted with the internal and
external factors in a business enterprise.
Internal Factors
1.1 Financial resources (funding, investments opportunities, source of income)
1.2 Physical Resources (location, facilities, and equipment)
1.3 Human Resources (employees, volunteers and target market)

External Factors
External factors are typically things and situations that your company do not control.
These are directly or indirectly linked to an Opportunity or a Threat to the company.
They are as follows:
2.1 Market Trends (new products, technology advancements and a change in the people’s
needs and interest)
2.2 Economic trends (local, national and international financial trends, fluctuations)
2.3 Relationship with suppliers and partners
2.4 Political, environmental and economic regulations
2.5 Other business enterprises that offer similar products and services
Now that you are acquainted with the internal and external factors, you are now
ready to plot your SWOT Diagram. In plotting your SWOT Diagram, consider the
following guide questions:
• Strengths: What does your business do best? What makes the business better than others?
• Weaknesses: What are the negative things your company can improve?
• Opportunities: What are the things that your business lack? What can you give more to
your customers?
• Threats: Determine what challenges stand in the way of achieving your goals.
Example:
Mang Inasal is one of the biggest and known fast food restaurants in the
Philippines. Let’s consider the profile of Mang Inasal in this diagram. After
completing the diagram, let’s plan for a recommendation and strategies to leverage
strengths and opportunities and to cope with the weaknesses and threats.
Strengths Weaknesses
• Easily available because of many branches • Delivery service is limited to locations
• Food and ambiance cater to general • Not currently using food delivery
Filipino taste and culture app/technology
• Price range for every product is affordable • Food service is limited to Filipino classics
• The company has merged with Jollibee
Foods Corporation which is the largest
food service network in the Philippines
• Sufficient number of employees
Opportunities Threats
• Growing interest for franchise in many • Rapid change of customer’s food preference
regions of the Philippines (people seem to love
• Possible franchise abroad international food like Samgyupsal, Milk
Tea, Burger and Pasta)
Recommendations:
a. Open more job opportunities to small employees and entrepreneurs by opening franchise in
rural areas.
b. By doing so, delivery service may also be accessible to areas not reachable within the
original routes.
c. Opening a franchise abroad to promote Filipino food in the international setting just like
Jollibee.
d. Introduce a variation of products similar to the products craved by the many (like milk tea,
pinoy version of samgyupsal)
B. BENCHMARKING
It is a way of evaluating business performance by comparing them to similar
performances in one or more sources. It is done by searching for the best practices
among competitors and non-competitors that may lead to their superior performance.
Example:
One of the services offered in a fast food restaurant is their drive-thru service. Restaurant
A also offers the same service however, there is a need to improve customers’
satisfaction. As drive-thru is supposed to be fast and accurate, it will study the drive-thru
practices of the key competitors. So, the manager of the restaurant will send an employee
as a costumer to gain direct experience and observe on the practices of the key
competitor. After a close study of the competitors’ performance, they will attempt to
adapt their services like improving the menu, the speaker boards and ordering
approaches.
C. CONTINGENCY PLANNING
Developing scenarios that allow managers determine in advance what their actions
should be should a considered event actually occur. It is basically preparing for a plan B,
in case Plan A doesn’t work.
What should be included in the contingency plan?

Here are the key elements to include:
Element Description Examples
Scenarios These are situations, cyber-attacks, prolonged
conflicts that could staff absences, IT
possibly happen before or malfunctions, loss of
while the business is under suppliers, serious power
operation. outages, or structural
problems
Response This is a brief description For IT malfunctions, come
of the action or strategy up with backup files both
that you will follow in soft and hard copy
response to the identified
scenarios.
Who to Inform These are specific or Employees, suppliers,

group of people who needs customers, and the
to know about the wider public, as
situation. appropriate.
Key Responsibilities Define who's responsible For IT malfunctions, the
for each element of the IT Head should be
plan, who will be in charge responsible for the soft
at each stage, and what copy of back up files and
you expect them to the Records Custodian
accomplish.
should keep a hard copy.
Timeline Indicates what should be This could be as simple as,
done and when it should "Inform employees of the
be done. situation immediately."
(This format is based from Mindtools.com)

Here is an example of a Contingency Plan with a minor possible business problem. Take note
of how the scenario will be addressed in case it might happen in the business.
SCENARIO RESPONSE WHOM KEY TIMELINE

TO RESPONSIBILITIE
INFORM S
WHO? WHAT? WHAT? WHEN?
Head of
The only Assign other Head of depart- Oversee Alert As soon as
team employees department ment situation. head of absence is
member who are depart- confirmed.
who is expert in ment.
expert in ICT and ask
your
them to take Team Team
system
turns in Team manager Identify manager As soon as
programs
suddenly studying the manager the and team possible.
filed an system members members
indefinite through the of the to be
leave of manual and team who informed
absence. divide the are experts of
work to or situation
themselves. advanced and
in ICT necessary
actions.
Identifie
Team d team Adapt Assess As soon
members member workload and as
s who to take on redistribu possible.
additional te
are ICT
tasks, and workloa
experts
report d
challenges accordin
/ g
concerns to
to organizati
manager. onal
priorities
.
(This template is based from Mindtools.com)

Are you ready to apply what you have learned? Before moving on, let’s have a selfassessment.
Images from teacherspayteachers.com
Learning Competency with code

Apply appropriate planning techniques and tools ABM_AOM11-Ie-g-13
Exercise 1. SPOT THE SWOT
Directions/Instructions: Let’s see if you can differentiate and name the following
scenarios as Strength, Weakness, Opportunity or Threat. Write S on the blank if the
statement is considered as Strength, W for Weakness, O for Opportunity and T for Threat.
_____1. The employees have equally undergone trainings on their respective fields.
_____2. The location of the restaurant is within the commercial center.
_____3. The delivery service of Ninja Van takes usually longer than 5 days after the expected
delivery dates.
_____4. The location of your new hotel is 30 km away from the city.
_____5. You have opened an internet café near a high school in your community and
observed that aside from computer units, Xerox machine is also much needed by
the students.
_____6. Globe users are complaining because of slow internet connection and hidden charges.
____7. You have opened your panciteria and have been gaining costumers however, a new
panciteria has opened near yours.
____8. You want to have a poultry and hog farm but the government policies require you
to put your farm far away from the residences, and make sure to cure animal waste
to prevent possible threat of sickness.
____9. The new restaurant in the city has gained costumers after a social media advertisement.
___10. Your thrift shop business has been closed for months now and can still remain close

Exercise 2. IT’S SWOTTIME!
Directions: Choose one of the most successful or well-established business in your
community or the nearest in your community. Then, come up with a recommendation or
strategy by identifying the business’ strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats by
filling out the SWOT Diagram. Make sure to align your recommendations from what you
have listed.
Strengths Weaknesses
Opportunities Threats
Recommendations:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________ Exercise
3. PLOT THE PLAN
Directions: The template below is an incomplete Contingency Plan for the next school year.
In the box that follows are the elements to complete the plan. To complete the plan, analyze
the use of the elements in the box and plot it accordingly in the template.
• An urgent need for online classes due to the • There is a need to train teachers on different
restriction of face to face classroom modes of teaching especially on ICT
instruction platforms to deliver instruction
• ICT coordinators • 1 month before opening of classes
• 2months before opening of classes • To participate in the training and to be able

to master at least 2 online platforms and also
• To be able to train and assist the teachers in to come up with modules in their respective
mastering online platforms for delivery of subjects
instruction
• Teachers
• To implement a crash course training on the
use ICT platforms and modular sessions for • the teachers to come up with modules in
teachers to ensure quality learning despite their respective subjects
physical restrictions to students.
Complete Me! (Choose your answer from the table above)

SCENARIO RESPONSE WHOM TO KEY TIMELINE
INFORM RESPONSIBILITIES
. School
School Head Head To gather
teachers
and
trainers
for the
training
To share
their
expertise
in the use
of ICT in
the
delivery of
instruction
, to be able
to
introduce
online
platforms
and offer
technical
assistance
to the
teachers
While
classes
are on
going

Exercise 4. WHAT IF NO MORE!
Directions: Come up with a contingency plan for your imaginary business. Given the
following conditions, plan on how you are going to manage future conflicts in your
business. Use the template below. You may alter the number of columns depending on
the number of people whom you think are necessarily involved in the mitigation of the
conflict.
Situation:
You own a grocery shop in your community and you have one competitor. You
offer almost the same products and you have the same supplier for some of the products
you are selling in your shop. Supposed one of your suppliers have stopped production
due to circumstances. How are you going to manage the situation? Plot your plan in the
template below.
SCENARIO RESPONSE WHOM TO KEY TIMELINE
INFORM RESPONSIBILITIES
.
One of your
suppliers
have stopped
production
and you have
no back up
supplier easily
available.

Guide Question
1. What is the importance of using planning tools and techniques in making business decisions?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Rubric for scoring

RUBRICS FOR SCORING EXERCISES 3, & 4
Score Content Development Relevance and
Validity
4 Answer is appropriate Develops each point Answers are factual
to the question. with specific details. and are related to
Content is factually Answers question each of the ideas
correct. completely. presented.

3 Answer is appropriate Each point supported Answers are factual
to the question. with some details and however some are
Content may have one evidence. All irrelevant to each of
or two factual errors important points are the ideas presented.
on facts presented. included.
2 Content relates Few details or Answers are factual,
peripherally to evidence was some are biased and
the question; presented and some are not closely
contains question only partially related to each of the
significant errors. answered. ideas presented.
1 Contents are unrelated Statements are Answers are biased
to question. unsupported by any and are not closely
detail or explanation. related to each of the
Repetitious, ideas presented.
incoherent, illogical
development.
Reflection In this activity, I

learned that…
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
References for learners

https://www.idashboards.com/blog/2019/04/10/4-tools-strategies-for-enhanced-decision-making/
https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4245-swot-analysis.html
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_51.htm
Organization and Management Q1- Learning Activity Sheet SDO-Cagayan
Answer Key Exercise 1. SPOT THE SWOT

1. S 6. W
2. S 7. T
3. W 8. T
4. W 9. S
5. O 10. T

Exercise 2. IT’S SWOTTIME!
Note: If the students will choose a Jollibee branch near their community.
**These are possible answers only. Students’ answers may vary.

Recommendations:
1. Update the menu with healthier options and foods that promotes Filipino food.
2. Being an agricultural country, full integration in sourcing raw materials could be done.
3. The quality and quantity of the servings should be true to the advertisement.
**These are possible answers only. Students’ answers may vary.
Exercise 3. PLOT THE PLAN

SCENARIO RESPONSE WHOM KEY TIMELINE
TO RESPONSIBILITIES
INFORM WHO? WHAT? WHAT? WHEN?
. School
• An urgent • There is a School Head • To To gather
need for need to Head implement teachers 2months
online train a crash and trainers before
classes teachers course for opening
due to the on training on the training
of
restriction different the use ICT classes
of face to modes of platforms
face teaching and
classroom especially modular
instruction on ICT sessions for
platforms teachers
to deliver
instruction • ICT
• ICT coordina To share their • To be able • 1
coordina tors expertise in to train month
tors the use of and assist before
ICT in the the openin
delivery of teachers g of
instruction, to in classes
be able to mastering
introduce online
online platforms
platforms and for
offer technical delivery of
assistance to instructio
the teachers n

Teachers Teachers • To
participate the teachers While
in the to come up classes
training with are on
and to be modules in going
able to their
master at respective
least 2 subjects
online
platforms
and also to
come up
with
modules in
their
respective
subjects
Exercise 4. WHAT IF NO MORE!

SCENARI RESPONSE WHOM TO KEY TIMELINE
O INFORM RESPONSIBILITIES
. Owner Inform the

One of your Look for Costumers customers To cope
suppliers alternative of the delay with the As soon as
have supplier of delay and possible
stopped as soon as supplies and provide
production possible directs them customers
for alternative
and you
alternatives; products
have no
mobilize other
back up
staff to look for
supplier
other suppliers
easily
available.

Staff
Staff To look for To look As soon as
suppliers who for possible
offers the same suppliers
product at the who offers
lower price or the same
the same product
price with at the
the lower
previous price or
the same
price with
the
previous
Other
suppliers
**These are possible answers. Answers may vary.

Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Grade:_____________
Section: _____________________________________________ Date:______________
Nature and Types of Organization
Organizing involves assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, delegating

authority and allocating resources across the organization. During the organizing process,
mangers coordinate employees, resources, policies and procedures to facilitate the goals
identified in the plan.
• Division of Labor involves assigning different tasks to different people in the

organization’s different work units.
• Specialization is the process in which different individuals and units perform

different task. It is also the reference of dividing the labor based on the skills
performed by their employees.
Example: In a restaurant business, employees can be seen in the

kitchen while preparing foods, some are taking orders, others are
cleaning the dining area, and a manager assisting the whole team.
While others are responsible for purchasing goods, some are doing
financial matters and others are responsible for their research and
advertisements. Their works are divided based on the skills of the
members of the group. That is a concrete example of division of labor
and specialization.
• Integration is another process in the organization’s internal environment which

involves the collaboration and coordination of its different work.
• Coordination refers to the procedure that connect the work activities of the
different work divisions/ units of the firm in order to achieve its overall goal.
Works may be divided but they must all be coordinated with each other in order
to meet its overall goals or objectives
➢ According to Priyali (2015), there are some common features of organization through
which a clear idea about its nature can be obtained. These are:

1. Process: Organizing is a process of defining, arranging and grouping the activities of an
organization to attain its goals.
2. Structure: The organization structure consists of a series of relationships at all levels of
authority with specific duties and responsibilities to be performed by the individuals
involved.
3. Grouping the Activities: Activities of an organization are required to be distribution
according to division of labor and specialization to have a commonness of purpose.
4. Accomplishment of Goals or Objectives: An organization structure has no meaning or
purpose unless it has clear-cut goals to achieve.
5. Authority-Responsibility Relationship: An organization cannot serve the specific purposes
or goals unless some positions will be placed above others and will be given authority to bind
the organization by their decisions.
6. Human and Material Aspects: Organization deals with the human and material factors in
business. Human element is the most important element in an organization.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
VERTICAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE – clears out issues related to
authority rights, responsibilities, and reporting relationships. Authority rights
refer to the legitimate rights of the individuals, appointed in position like
President, Vice President, Manager, and the like, to give orders to their
subordinates, who in turn, report to them what they have done. In short,
Vertical organizations have a top-down management structure. The person at
the top of the organization has the most power. Upper-level management issues
orders and employees follow those orders without input or objection.
HORIZONTAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE- refers to the

departmentalization of an organization into smaller work units as tasks
become increasingly varied and numerous. Horizontal organization have a flat
structure that provides greater employee autonomy, which means there are
very few managers and more authority is granted to rank- and-file employees.
This system allows employees to feel empowered, because they can make
important decisions without needing approval from a manager.
Employees in a horizontal organization are also more collaborative because they can communicate
freely with each other
LINE STRUCTURE
In a line organization, authority originates at the top and moves downward in a line. All managers
perform line functions, which are functions that contribute directly to company profits. Examples of
line functions include production, finance and marketing manager. Line organizations are common
among small businesses.

Figure 1:
Example of Line
Structure
Source: https://keydifferences.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/line-organization.jpg
Line and Staff Structure
In mid-sized and large companies, line manages cannot perform all of the activities they need to
perform to run their departments. In these companies, other employees are hired to help line
managers do their jobs. These employees perform staff functions. Staff functions advise and
support line functions. Staff departments include the legal department, the human resources
department and the public relations department. These departments help the line departments do
their jobs. They contribute only indirectly to corporate profits. Staff people are generally specialists
in one field and their authority is normally limited to making recommendations to line managers.

Figure 2:
Example of Line and Staff Structure

Source: https://keydifferences.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/line-and-staff.jpg
MATRIX STRUCTURE
A matrix structure allows employees from different departments to come together temporarily
to work on special project teams. The purpose of this kind of structure is to allow companies
the flexibility to respond quickly to a customer need by creating a team of people who devote
all of their time to a project. Once a team completes the project, the team members return to
their department or join a new project team. Designing a new aircraft uses matrix structure.
Figure 3:
Example of Matrix Structure

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/obcourseweir/chapter/13 -1-
organizationalstructure/&ved=2ahUKEwiFxuaxsN3pAhW5L6YKHbe4A4EQFjADegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw1mCyOoujyH9pk5SoSxZROr&csh
id=15909032 68909
TEAM STRUCTURE
A team structure brings together people with different skills in order to meet with different skills
in order to meet a particular objective. More and more companies are using the team structure.
The team structure is very different from the traditional organizational structure. In the traditional
structure, each level of management reports to a higher management level. In this kind of
organization, senior managers need not approve decisions by lower-level managers. Instead,
teams have the authority to make their own decisions. Each team tries to determine what the
customer is looking for and develop strategies with which to meet those needs.
Figure 4: Example of Team Structure
Source: https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/obcourseweir/chapter/13 -
1-organizational-
structure/&ved=2ahUKEwiFxuaxsN3pAhW5L6YKHbe4A4EQFjADegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw1mCyOoujyH9pk5So
SxZROr&cshid=1590903268909
Functional Approach- where the subdivisions are formed based on specialized activities such as
marketing, production, financial management and human resources management. It is set up so
that each portion of the
Divisional Approach- where departments are formed based on management of their products,
customers, or geographic areas covered. It is typically used in large companies that operate in
wide geographic area having smaller
Learning Competency with Code
Analyze the nature of organizations and types of organization structures (ABM_AOM11-Ih-j-
15, 16, 17, 18, & 19)
ACTIVITY 1

DIRECTIONS:
Identify whether the given characteristics describe a Vertical Organization
Structure (VOR) or Horizontal Organization Structure (HOR). Classify your answer
using a Venn diagram. Use the given example as your guide. GOODLUCK and ENJOY
LEARNING!
Item # 1 is given as an example:
VOR 1. The person at the top of the organization has the most power.
2. There is no rigid hierarchy in this structure.

3. Each person is responsible for a specific area or duties.
4. Employees feel empowered and motivated.
5. It has a top down management structure
6. Employees report direct to the person above them
7. It has a less-defined chain of command.
8. There is a well-chain of command in this organization
9. Employees may work in team and everyone in team makes input.
10. It has a flat structure

ACTIVITY 2
DIRECTION / INSTRUCTION: In this activity, you need to complete the crossword puzzle
correctly using the significant terms or concepts related to your prior reading. The clues are
located below the puzzle. GOOD LUCK and enjoy learning!
DOWN
1. A structure referred as a “Top- down management”

2. Subdivisions are formed based on specialization
3. A flat structure; departmentalization of an organization into smaller work units
4. It involves assigning different tasks to different people ( don’t include the space)
6. A hybrid form of departmentalization
9. A collection of independent organizations that work together in order to produce a product
or service
ACROSS
5. Departments based on management of their products, customers, or geographic
areas covered.
7. Group of individuals contributing their efforts for the attainment of their objectives.
8. Involves the collaboration and coordination of its different work.
10. Different individuals/groups and units perform different task
11. Procedure that connects the work activities of the different work divisions/ units
ACTIVITY 3
If you are to create a business venture in the future, what would it be? Make an
organizational chart of your business venture and discuss the roles of each of the
positions included in your organizational chart BRIEFLY. (Read the rubrics for this
activity as your guide)
Business Name: ___________________________________________
RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 3

CRITERIA SCORE
Orderliness
5 4 3 2 1
The procedure was followed carefully.
Accuracy
5 4 3 2 1
The information in the chart are ALL CORRECT.
Neatness
5 4 3 2 1
The output is neat and legible.
Creativeness
5 4 3 2 1
The output is presentable and has an impact to the evaluator.
Originality and Precision
The content of the output is correct and it was not copied from 5 4 3 2 1
other outputs.
Reflection
Answer the question:
What have you learned about the nature of organizations and types of organization structures?
References
Lumen Learning. "Organizing | Introduction to Business [Deprecated]." Lumen Learning – Simple Book
Production. Accessed May 31, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopenintrobusiness/chapter/organizing/.
Rue, Leslie, and Lloyd Byars. "Organizational Structure." In Business Management: Real-World
Applications and Connections. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2000.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://pvkketcho.pbworks.com/f/Chapter13
_Org_Structure.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjx6YnL293pAhWJ7WEKHT12D_cQFjAEegQIBBAB&usg=AOv
Vaw0mZdJTDUiBLDBHpWk3NktS.
Sharma, Priyali. "Organisation: Concept, Nature, Importance and Benefits." Your Article Library.
Last modified December 19, 2015.
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/organisationconcept-nature-importance-and-
benefits/70058
ANSWER KEY

ACTIVITY 1
ORGANIZE YOUR IDEAS

VOR 1. The person at the top of the organization has the most power.
HOR2. There is no rigid hierarchy in this structure.

VOR3. Each person is responsible for a specific area or duties.
HOR4. Employees feel empowered and motivated.
VOR 5. It has a top down management structure
VOR 6. Employees report direct to the person above them
HOR 7. It has a less-defined chain of command.
VOR 8. There is a well-chain of command in this organization
HOR 9. Employees may work in team and everyone in team makes
input.
HOR 10. It has a flat structure.
VENN DIAGRAM: ANSWERS MAY VARY
ACTIVITY 2
ACTIVITY 3
ANSWERS MAY VARY

Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ______________
Organizational Theories and Applications

There are two (2) main classifications of theories regarding organizational design: the traditional and
modern.
• TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN pertains to the usual or old-fashioned

ways. This includes the following:
Simple organizational design has few departments, wide spans of control over a big
number of subordinates directly reporting to a manger; has a centralized authority
figure and has very little formalization of work; usually used by companies that start
out as entrepreneurial ventures.
Functional organizational design group together similar or related specialties, it is,

generally, functional departmentalization utilized and put into practice in entire
organization. For example, a marketing firm that markets cars and related products
like tires, car batteries, and accessories.
Divisional organizational design is made up of separate business divisions or units,

where the patent corporation acts as oversee to coordinate and control the different
divisions and provide financial and legal support services.
MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNS refer to contemporary or new design theories which

includes the following:
Team organizational design which is made up of work groups or teams.

Matrix- project organizational design which refers to an organization where
specialists from different departments work on projects that are supervised by a
project manager. This design results in a double chain of command wherein workers
have two (2) managers: the functional area manager and the project manager – who
share authority over them.
Boundary-less organizational design is another design where the design is not defined
or limited by vertical, horizontal and external.
Learning Competency

Apply Organization Theories for effective business management ABM_AOM11-Ie-g-13
& 14
ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTION / INSTRUCTION: In this activity, you will look for 10 significant terms related to
Organization Theories and Application. Find all the terms, encircle them and get a perfect score.
GOODLUCK and ENJOY LEARNING!
1. THEORIES 6. DIVISIONAL
2. APPLICATION 7. MODERN
3. TRADITIONAL 8. TEAM DESIGN
4. SIMPLE 9. MATRIX - PROJECT
5. FUNCTIONAL 10. BOUNDARY-LESS

ACTIVITY 2:
DIRECTIONS / INSTRUCTIONS: Complete the table below by searching information about the
different organization theories and application. Use any reference such as books or information online.
Traditional
Organization STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Design
-Flexible -Risk that overdependence

with over-dependence on a
-Fast decision making and
SIMPLE single person
results
-no longer appropriate as the
-Clear accountability
company grows
-cost saving advantages
-management is -managers have little
FUNCTIONAL facilitated because knowledge of others
workers with similar units’ functions
tasks are grouped
together
-focused on results -possible duplication of

DIVISIONAL -managers are responsible activities and resources
for what happens to their -increased cost and reduced
products and services efficiency
Modern
Organization ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Design
-Empowerment of team -it has a clear chain of
members and reduced command and great pressure on
TEAM barriers among functional teams to perform.
areas
-specialist are involved in -task and personality conflicts

MATRIX - the project -complexity of assigning
PROJECT -flexible designs and fast people to projects and tasks
decision-making and personality conflicts.
BOUNDARY LESS -Highly flexible and -Lack of control and problems

responsive in communication

ACTIVITY 3
DIRECTION / INSTRUCTION: Name the given organizational designs correctly. Write your
answers on the space provided below the charts. Guessing is not enough to find the answer. Analyze
the chart to get it correctly. GOOD LUCK and ENJOY LEARNING!
1. TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNS
2. MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN

ACTIVITY 4

Directions: Time to reflect from what you have learned. Answer each question briefly. Explain
your answer with at least three (3) sentences. You will be guided by the rubrics. GOOD LUCK
AND ENJOY LEARNING!
1. If you are a business owner of a company, which of the different organizational designs
you think will bring success in your business? Why?
2. Is it possible to have two or more organizational design in one business?

-if yes, what will be the advantage of using many organizational designs?
- if no, why do we need to use only one organizational design?
RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 4
CRITERIA Score
The content and idea are CORRECT and the response directly answers the question. 5
MOST of the content and idea is CORRECT and the response relatively answers the
4
question.
FEW content and idea are CORRECT and the response to the question is not clear. 3
ALMOST all of the content and idea is NOT CORRECT and the response to the 2
question is not clear.
NO CORRECT information at all. 1
REFLECTION:
I have learned in this activity

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REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS:
1. Organization and Management; Cabrera, Helena Ma F, et al.Vibal Group, Inc.

2. https://businessmgtblog.wordpress.com/2017/08/13/242/
3. https://medium.com/@drkathleenallen/trees-pyramids-and-organizational-charts- 23a3d601fc57
4. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introbusiness/chapter/organizing/
5. http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildWordSearch.asp
6. https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/organisation-departments-in-a-business
7. https://digitalambition.co/marketing-activities/
8. https://worksheets.theteacherscorner.net/make-your-own/crossword/
9. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/difference-between-vertical-horizontal-business- organizations-
24915.html
10. Sample organizational chart; heroictechwriting.com Sample Horizontal structure;
www.slideshare.net
11. Functional structure, matrix structure; www.buzzle.com
12. Sample divisional structure, www.dougsguide.com
13. Divisional Organizational design, www.businessstudynotes.com
14. Simple Organizational Design; www.businessmate.org
15. Functional Organizational Design; www.slideshare.net
16. Matrix Organizational design; 2012books.lardbucket.org Boundaryless Organizational Design;
od-change.wikispaces.com
17. Hanks, Gerald. (2016) Differentiation and Integration in Organization Development;
http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differentiation-integration-organization-development- 70838.html
18. Types of Organization; http://small business.chron.com/different-types- organizational-structure-
723.html

ANSWER KEY:
ACTIVITY 1. WORD HUNT!
(IN ANY ORDER)

1. THEORIES 6. DIVISIONAL
2. APPLICATION 7. MODERN
3. TRADITIONAL 8. TEAM DESIGN
4. SIMPLE 9. MATRIX - PROJECT
5. FUNCTIONAL 10. BOUNDARY-LESS

ACTIVITY 2.
HUNT IDEAS!
Traditional
Organization STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Design
-Flexible -Risk that overdependence

with over-dependence on a
-Fast decision making and
SIMPLE single person
results
-no longer appropriate as the
-Clear accountability
company grows
-cost saving advantages
-management is -managers have little
FUNCTIONAL facilitated because knowledge of others
workers with similar units’ functions
tasks are grouped
together
-focused on results -possible duplication of

DIVISIONAL -managers are responsible activities and resources
for what happens to their -increased cost and reduced
products and services efficiency
Modern
Organization ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Design
-Empowerment of team -it has a clear chain of
members and reduced command and great pressure on
TEAM barriers among functional teams to perform.
areas
-specialist are involved in -task and personality conflicts

MATRIX - the project -complexity of assigning
PROJECT -flexible designs and fast people to projects and tasks
decision-making and personality conflicts.
BOUNDARY LESS -Highly flexible and -Lack of control and problems

responsive in communication
ACTIVITY 3.
1.SIMPLE 2. FUNCTIONAL 3. DIVISIONAL 4. TEAM 5. MATRIX 6. BOUNDARYLESS

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11

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Republic of the Philippines

Learning Activity Sheet

Printed by DepEd Regional Office No. 02 Regional Center,

Competency Page No.

Explain the Meaning, Functions,

Explain the Functions, Roles and Skills

Analyze Various Forces/Elements Influencing Local and

Analyze the Forms and Economic Roles of

Differentiate the Faces of Economic Development

Discuss the Nature and Levels of Planning

Apply Appropriate Planning Techniques and Tools

Analyze the Nature of Organization and Types of Organization----------------------------------83

Apply Organization Theories for Effective Business Management -----------------------93

Section: DILIGENT Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Definition and Functions of

Background Information for Learners:

Management is the process of coordinating and overseeing the work performance of

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 1

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 2

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 3

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 4

Reference for learners:

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 5

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

Section: DILIGENT Date: ______________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Evolution of Management Theories

Background Information for Learners:

Evolution of Management Thought

Learning Competency with code:

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 8

Directions/Instructions: Create a timeline to note the important periods of the School of

Frederick W. Taylor ( 1856-1915) Father of Scientific

Henry Gantt He developed the Gantt

Frank (1868-1924) and Lillian The man and wife team

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 9

He described an ideal type

The fundamental principles

Developed theories about

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 10

George Elton Mayo (1880-1949) His contribution to

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 11

could be viewed from the

He is best known for his

Use of Formal Mathematical Models

Integrative Contingency Theory It is based on the notion that

Systems Theory (Open System,

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 13

Theory Z These firms are those which

Excellence Successful firms make it a

Consumers are encouraged

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 14

4. Abraham He proposed a hierarchy of five needs: Mckinsey

2. Personality Scientists Practitioner

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Scientific Scientific One of the greatest

Authority and In an organization, Authority is the power to give

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 16

Esprit de Corps This principle emphasizes on According to Merriam

Rubrics for Scoring:

Note: Please Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times. 19

Section: _______________________________ Date: