UG-33 – UG-34 ASME BPVC.VIII.
1-2015
Step 2. Using the value of B obtained in Step 1, calculate
a value P a 1 using the following formula:
Step 3. Calculate a value P a 2 using the following
formula:
where
S = the lesser of two times the maximum allowable
stress value in tension at design metal temperature,
from the applicable table referenced by UG-23, or
0.9 times the yield strength of the material at de-
sign temperature
Values of yield strength are obtained from the applic-
able external pressure chart as follows.
(a) For a given temperature curve, determine the B va-
lue that corresponds to the right hand side termination
point of the curve.
(b) The yield strength is twice the B value obtained in
(a) above.
Step 4. The smaller of the values of P a 1 calculated in
Step 2, or P a 2 calculated in Step 3 shall be used for the
maximum allowable external working pressure Pa. Com-
pare Pa with P . If Pa is smaller than P , select a larger value
for t and repeat the design procedure until a value for Pa
is obtained that is equal to or greater than P.
Step 5. Provide adequate moment of inertia and rein-
forcement at the cone-to-cylinder junction in accordance
with 1-8. For a junction with a knuckle, the reinforcement
calculation is not required, and the moment of inertia cal-
culation may be performed either by considering the pre-
sence of the knuckle or by assuming the knuckle is not
present whereby the cone is assumed to intersect the ad-
jacent cylinder.
(2) When α of the cone is greater than 60 deg, the
thickness of the cone shall be the same as the required
thickness for a flat head under external pressure, the dia-
meter of which equals the largest diameter of the cone
(see UG-34).
(3) The thickness of an eccentric cone shall be taken
as the greater of the two thicknesses obtained using both
the smallest and largest α in the calculations.
(g) The required thickness of a conical part of a torico-
nical head or conical section having pressure on the con-
vex side, either seamless or of built‐up construction with
butt joints within the conical part of a toriconical head or
conical section, shall not be less than that determined
from (f) above with the exception that Le shall be deter-
mined as follows:
(1) For illustrations (a) and (b) in Figure UG-33.1,
32
(2) For sketch (c) in Figure UG-33.1,
(3) For sketch (d) in Figure UG-33.1,
(4) For sketch (e) in Figure UG-33.1,
(h) When lap joints are used in formed head construc-
tion or for longitudinal joints in a conical head under ex-
ternal pressure, the thickness shall be determined by the
rules in this paragraph, except that 2P shall be used in-
stead of P in the calculations for the required thickness.
(i) The required length of skirt on heads convex to
pressure shall comply with the provisions of UG-32(k)
and UG-32(l) for heads concave to pressure.
(j) Openings in heads convex to pressure shall comply
with the requirements of UG-36 through UG-46.
UG-34 UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS AND COVERS
(a) The minimum thickness of unstayed flat heads, cov-
er plates and blind flanges shall conform to the require-
ments given in this paragraph. These requirements
apply to both circular and noncircular24 heads and covers.
Some acceptable types of flat heads and covers are shown
in Figure UG-34. In this figure, the dimensions of the com-
ponent parts and the dimensions of the welds are exclu-
sive of extra metal required for corrosion allowance.
(b) The symbols used in this paragraph and in Figure
UG-34 are defined as follows:
C = a factor depending upon the method of attachment
of head, shell dimensions, and other items as listed
in (d) below, dimensionless. The factors for welded
covers also include a factor of 0.667 that effectively
increases the allowable stress for such construc-
tions to 1.5S.
D = long span of noncircular heads or covers measured
perpendicular to short span
d = diameter, or short span, measured as indicated in
Figure UG-34
E = joint efficiency, from Table UW-12, of any Category
A weld as defined in UW-3(a)
h G = gasket moment arm, equal to the radial distance
from the centerline of the bolts to the line of the
gasket reaction, as shown in Table 2-5.2