Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SPM Est Qa Swkkcha PDF
SPM Est Qa Swkkcha PDF
SULIT
NAMA : _____________________________________
KELAS : _____________________________________
B 30
Jumlah 50
____________________________________________________________________________
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 10 halaman bercetak dan 2 halaman tidak bercetak.
[Lihat sebelah
6355/1 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
Sarawak Zon A Trial SPM 2008
http://edu.joshuatly.com/
http://www.joshuatly.com/
2
SULIT
Section A
[20 marks]
Question 1
When variations in genes are harmful, they result in what are called genetic disorders. Such
diseases are inherited by offspring from their parents. Genetic disorders are caused by
mutations, which can be thought of as misspellings in the genetic codes. Mutations may
cause cells to make a protein incorrectly, or to make too much or too little of the right protein
during cell division process.
Sometimes the mutation is as small as a change in a single base in the chemical structure
of DNA. An example is sickle cell anemia, in which an improper protein makes some red
blood cells malfunction and take on the shape of a sickle, instead of a red blood cell’s proper
circular shape. In other cases, an entire chromosome can be affected, as in the case of
children with Down syndrome, who have an extra copy of the 21st chromosome.
Some mutations may be caused by exposure to chemicals in the environment, ultraviolet
radiation form the sun, or even invisible particles given off by radioactive materials.
However, most mutations occur naturally in a random and spontaneous way.
SULIT
Based on the information from the text, complete the graphic organiser below.
GENETIC DISODERS
Known as
4. ___________________
[10 marks]
[Lihat sebelah
6355/1 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
SULIT
Question 2
Read the following text and complete the given task.
Some of the harshest environments on earth are found in super hot vents that
occur on the deep ocean floor, in rock fissures deep down below the Earth, or above the
snow line in high volcanic mountains.
In the last few years one incredible scientific discovery after another have shown
that life can exist in these most inhospitable of places. Different types of microbes have
been found that can survive in conditions usually associated with more bizarre forms of
science fiction than with life on Earth.
Compared to all other known life, these amazing organisms have totally different
metabolisms. They do not breathe oxygen but instead use hydrogen, methane and
compounds of sulphur. Extremophiles make their home in extremes of heat, radiation,
salinity and toxicity that would instantly kill any known living thing.
Scientists believe that these extraordinary microbes could tell us about how life
began on Earth. Some even think that extremophiles could provide clues about the
presence of life on other planets. Professor Lexi Andronova, a specialist extremophile
researcher, is convinced that the study of these microorganisms could yield new
technologies and drugs.
But what impact might these organisms have on humans? Less than one percent
of all the microbes on earth have been categorized by science, and some of these are
known to be deadly. If any of the extremophile microbes were to come into contact with
large numbers of people, there is a possibility that they could introduce new infectious
diseases.
The race is on to unlock the secrets of these bizarre life forms. New cancer
treatments, antibiotics or industrial processes are the hugely valuable prizes that may be
on offer. Biological prospecting is already happening in Antarctica. Unfortunately there is
no international agreement to control this activity.
Extremeophiles are certainly the toughest life forms known to science. Without
proper international control of the activity of biological prospectors, extremophiles may
one day come to replace us as the dominant life form on the planet.
6355/1 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A Sarawak Zon A Trial SPM 2008 SULIT
http://edu.joshuatly.com/
http://www.joshuatly.com/
5
SULIT
Based on the information from the text, complete the table below.
Extremophiles
3.
_________________________________________________
Thriving conditions
4.
_________________________________________________
Scientists’ beliefs
5.
_________________________________________________
6.
_________________________________________________
9.
_________________________________________________
Threat to humans
10.
________________________________________________
[10 marks]
[Lihat sebelah
6355/1 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
Sarawak Zon A Trial SPM 2008
http://edu.joshuatly.com/
http://www.joshuatly.com/
6
SULIT
Section B
[30 marks]
Read the information given below on “Causes and Effects of Climate Change Today.”
Causes:
- vehicles
- industries
- open burning
- deforestation
Effects:
- fewer cold days/nights, warmer and more frequent hot days/nights
- more frequent warm spells and heat waves
- increasing frequency of heavy precipitation
- increase in areas affected by drought
- increasing intensity of tropical cyclones
- increased incidence of extremely high sea levels
Write a report for the school’s Nature Club magazine. In your report, you must
SULIT
RUANG JAWAPAN
Untuk
___________________________________________________________________________ Kegunaan
Pemeriksa
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
[Lihat sebelah
6355/1 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
Sarawak Zon A Trial SPM 2008
http://edu.joshuatly.com/
http://www.joshuatly.com/
8
SULIT
Untuk RUANG JAWAPAN
Kegunaan
Pemeriksa
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
SULIT
RUANG JAWAPAN
___________________________________________________________________________ Untuk
Kegunaan
___________________________________________________________________________ Pemeriksa
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
[Lihat sebelah
6355/1 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
Sarawak Zon A Trial SPM 2008
http://edu.joshuatly.com/
http://www.joshuatly.com/
10
SULIT
Untuk
RUANG JAWAPAN
Kegunaan
Pemeriksa
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
NAMA : _____________________________________
KELAS : _____________________________________
3. Tiap-tiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, iaitu A, B, C dan D. Bagi
setiap soalan, pilih satu jawapan sahaja. Hitamkan semua jawapan anda pada
kertas jawapan objektif yang disediakan.
___________________________________________________________________________
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak dan 3 halaman tidak bercetak
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
Questions 1 - 25 are based on the given stimuli. Study the information carefully and choose
the best answer.
Findings have turned up with reasons to get plenty of rest. First, a sound sleep seems
to be the key to a healthy heart. “As soon as people drift off, levels of hormones that
stimulate the sympathetic nervous system during the waking hours, called catecholamines,
begin to ebb,” says research psychiatrist Michael Irwin of the University of California at Los
Angeles. The result: blood pressure falls, heart rate slows; blood vessels relax, making it
easier for blood to flow. “Our hearts, in other words, get a much deserved rest,” says
Irwin.
Hybrid rice will exhibit many advantages during the growth stage. The roots are two or
three times more than that of normal varieties, thus allowing absorption of more water and
fertilizer. It also has higher production of leaves lending the ability to produce superior rice.
Conversely, there is a need for a higher amount of fertiliser and water than with inbreds.
Passive immunity refers to the immunity achieved by the body when it cannot
produce its own. It receives antibodies or antiserum through an outside source.
Antibodies can be transferred from the mother to the fetus or when babies are
breastfed. However, it will not last long. Passive acquired immunity similarly is obtained
when a sick person is inoculated immediately with an antiserum to fight a disease. This
also would not last long.
4 The similarity between passive natural immunity and passive acquired immunity is both are
A not permanent.
B obtained during pregnancies.
C obtained through vaccinations.
D acquired through mothers’ milk.
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
Sarawak Zon A Trial SPM 2008
http://edu.joshuatly.com/
http://www.joshuatly.com/
4
SULIT
About 90% of the energy used around the world comes from crude oil, natural gas
and coal. These are all grouped as fossil fuels. Crude oil is also called petroleum which
originated from the Greek words, petra and oleo. It is a mixture of various types of
hydrocarbons. These can be separated through the process of fractional distillation.
One can make a broad separation between lightning that contacts earth (cloud-to-
ground lightning) and lightning that does not (intracloud lightning). Generally, the
lightning type that concerns human safety, the initiation of forest fires and the
destruction of electrical and electronic equipment is the cloud-to-ground lightning and
this type is targeted by operational networks for lightning detection.
SULIT
7 Based on the table, which method does not ensure that all microorganisms are completely
destroyed?
A Drying
B Pickling
C Canning
D Freezing
8 How many of the methods discussed above require food to be placed in cans?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
Space science today has widened with the latest discoveries in space exploration and
planetary science. One of the most interesting discoveries is the discovery of water on planets
and satellites. As water forms the basis of living creatures, the discovery of water on planets
creates excitement as it indicates the possibility of lifeforms. This study of lifeforms in space is
known as astrobiology. Among other new scientific studies in space science are
cosmochemistry (study of chemistry in space), astropaleontology (the study of fossils in
space), planetary geology (the study of geology of planets), and the list goes on.
9 Which of the following is not one of the scientific studies in space science?
A Geology
B Astrobiology
C Cosmochemistry
D Astropaleontology
Aluminium is the most abundant metal but it was not used until a century ago because it is
so active chemically and difficult to extract. Like iron, it is soft, but in contrast to iron and
steel, aluminium is very light and more resistant to corrosion. These qualities make it useful
for airplanes, trains, automobiles, rockets and house sliding.
The relativity theory, developed in the early 20th Century, was originally intended to account
for certain anomalies in the concept of relative motion but has since developed into one of the
most important basic concepts in physical science. The theory of relativity is the basis for
later demonstrations by physicists of the essential unity of matter and energy, of space and
time and of the forces of gravity and acceleration.
It is well known that high levels of radiofrequency energy (RF) can produce biological
damage via heating effects. However, it is not known whether, to what extent, or via what
mechanism, lower levels of RF might cause adverse health effects as well. Although some
research has been done to address these questions, no clear picture of the biological effects
of this type of radiation has emerged to date. Thus, the available science does not allow us
to conclude that mobile phones are absolutely safe or that they are unsafe.
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
Uranus is a giant ball of gas and liquid. Its diameter is more than four times that of the
earth. The surface of Uranus is not solid. Rather, it is composed of blue-green clouds
made up of tiny crystals of methane. The crystals have frozen out of the planet’s
atmosphere. Far below the visible clouds are probably thicker cloud layers made up of
liquid water and crystals of ammonia ice. Deeper still - about 7,500 kilometres below
the visible cloud tops, may be an ocean of liquid water containing dissolved ammonia.
At the very centre of the planet may be a small, rocky core about the size of Earth.
The most distinctive feature of all parrots is the large bill. This consists of a strongly
downward-curving, hooked, upper mandible fitting over a smaller, upward-curving lower
mandible. A parrot’s bill has great mobility and leverage, thanks to its unique structure.
Parrots also have distinctive feet. Many parrots are agile and acrobatic climbers.
Contact lenses are an alternative to wearing glasses. However, they require more care.
Although contact lenses rarely damage the eye, they may “scratch your cornea, trap foreign
particles against your eye, breed bacteria, or destroy your vision”.
Dilute sulphuric acid is about 10% H2SO4 and 90% water. It is safer to handle but it should
still be treated with care. To make dilute sulphuric acid, always add concentrated acid to the
water. You should never add water to it as it is strongly exothermic and the acid could
splash out and cause burns. In an exothermic reaction, heat is released and the
temperature of the solution rises.
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
The debris left over from the formation of the Sun and planets in the Solar System includes
the millions of small bodies we know as comets, asteroids and meteors. Although their total
mass is far less than 1% of the material in the Solar System, these objects are of significant
importance. They contain (mostly) unprocessed material from the original solar nebula and
therefore help physicists understand how the Solar System formed. Also these kilometer-
sized objects can find themselves in orbits that sometimes cross that of the Earth – and there
is obvious interest in the possibility of impact with Earth and its frightening consequences.
Succulent plants generally have a high water retention ability and are transpiration
resistant because they have thick leaves and short stems. Those with fibrous short roots
can be planted in a low-nutrient medium while those with long roots should be planted in
soil-like mediums. The former needs more coarse gravel and sand plus peat. All groups of
succulents require good drainage. Slow release fertilizers are the most ideal for succulent
plants.
White blood cells play an important role in our blood streams. They defend our body
from infection. For instance, if we cut our toe, bacteria will invade the wound. The
white blood cells will swim to the wound and descend on the bacteria, consuming them.
If the infection is severe, the white blood cells reproduce to meet the challenge.
Crop rotation prevents a decrease in soil fertility, as growing the same crop repeatedly in
the same place eventually depletes the soil of various nutrients. A crop that leaches the soil
of one kind of nutrient is followed during the next growing season by a dissimilar crop that
returns that nutrient to the soil or draws a different ratio of nutrients. By crop rotation farmers
can keep their fields under continuous production, without the need to let them lie fallow, and
reducing the need for artificial fertilizers, both of which can be expensive.
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
ACIDS USES
Formic acid coagulates latex
Acetic acid (vinegar) preserves food like pickles
used in food
Sulphuric acid used in car battery
to make detergents and fertilisers
Tartaric acid to make soft drinks
Nitric acid to make chemical substances
such as fertilizers, plastics and
explosives.
Hydrochloric acid to make disinfectants and liquid
washing agents.
Citric acid used in fruit juices
22 A small explosion had taken place in the school laboratory recently. The teachers
found traces of ________________ in the laboratory.
A citric acid
B nitric acid
C formic acid
D tartaric acid
This is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment.
It is not the study of flora alone. More importantly, one has to understand that the
relationship between living organisms and the environment is very important.
Colorectal cancer is a cancer that develops from the cells of the large intestine. About
40 per cent of the cancer cells can be prevented with a healthy diet and regular physical
activities.
[Lihat sebelah
6355/2 2008 Hak Cipta Zon A SULIT
Sarawak Zon A Trial SPM 2008
http://edu.joshuatly.com/
http://www.joshuatly.com/
14
SULIT
Coral reefs are massive structures made up of limestone that is 26 by living things.
Coral reefs 27 over 25% of all known marine species. As one of the most complex
ecosystems on the planet, coral reefs are home to over 4000 different species of fish, 700
species of coral and thousands of other plants and animals.
Corals grow at different 28 , depending on water temperature, salinity, turbulence and
the availability of food. The massive corals are the slowest growing species, adding between 5
and 25mm per year to their 29 .
The geological record indicates that the ancestors of modern coral reef ecosystems were
formed at least 240 million years ago. The coral reefs 30 today began growing as early as
50 million years ago.
26 A deposited 29 A width
B formed B length
C composed C depth
D layered D height
27 A harbour 30 A existing
B breed B surviving
C support C remaining
D sustain D living
28 A rates
B time
C ways
D seasons
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
Question 1
Question 2
A B C D E
25-30 19-24 13-18 7-12 1-6
1 A 16 D
2 C 17 A
3 C 18 A
4 A 19 B
5 C 20 D
6 C 21 B
7 D 22 B
8 B 23 B
9 A 24 B
10 D 25 A
11 A 26 A
12 D 27 C
13 D 28 A
14 D 29 B
15 A 30 A