UE Behaviors in Idle Mode ISSUE 1.00 - 1 PDF

WCDMA UE Behaviors in Idle Mode
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 PLMN selection
Used to ensure that the PLMN selected by the UE provides services properly.
 System information reception
The network broadcasts the network information to the UE that camps on the cell. Upon
reception of broadcast information, the UE obtains the network information and takes
actions accordingly.
 Cell selection and reselection
Used to ensure that the UE finds a suitable cell to camp on.
 Location registration
This procedure is used by the UE to report its status to the network. This procedure is of
two types: periodical location registration and the location registration necessitated by
changes in the location area.
 Paging procedure
Used for the network to send paging messages to a UE which is in idle mode, CELL_PCH
state, or URA_PCH state.
 Access procedure
From the view of access stratum, access is the procedure the UE shift from idle mode to
connected mode.





 Typical scenario of first occasion is the first time a new UE is put into use.
 The second occasion is very common.

 Step 1: Slot synchronization

During the first step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the primary synchronisation
code (PSC) to acquire slot synchronisation to a cell.
 Step 2: Frame synchronization and code-group identification
During the second step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the secondary
synchronisation code (SSC) to find frame synchronisation and identify the code group of
the cell found in the first step.
 Step 3: Primary scrambling code identification
During the last step of the cell search procedure, the UE determines the exact primary
scrambling code used by the found cell. The primary scrambling code is typically identified
through symbol-by-symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code
group identified in the second step.
 If the UE has received information about which scrambling codes to search for, steps 2
and 3 above can be simplified.

 Equivalent PLMNs : The Mobile Equipment stores a list of "equivalent PLMNs". This list is
replaced at the end of each location update procedure or routing area update procedure.
The stored list consists of a list of equivalent PLMNs as downloaded by the network plus
the PLMN code of the registered PLMN that downloaded the list.

 The UE can get system information from PCCPCH, and the PLMN information is
transmitted in MIB of PCCPCH.
 After getting the MIB, the UE can judge whether the current PLMN is right one. If so, the
UE will get SIB scheduling information from the MIB; if not, the UE will search another
carrier, do this procedure again.
 The priority order of automatic PLMN selection mode:
Order PLMN types Remark

1 HPLMNs Home PLMNs
2 PLMNs contained in the “User Controlled PLMN The PLMNs are arranged in
Selector with Access Technology” data filed in the priority order
SIM excluding the previously selected PLMN
3 PLMNs contained in the “Operator Controlled PLMN The PLMNs are arranged in
Selector with Access Technology” data filed in the priority order
SIM excluding the previously selected PLMN
4 Other PLMN/Access technology combinations with The PLMNs are arranged in
the high quality of received signals excluding the priority order
previously selected PLMN
5 Other PLMN/Access technology combinations The PLMNs are arranged in
excluding the previously selected PLMN the descending order of
signal quality
6 Previously selected PLMN The PLMN selected by the
UE before automatic PLMN
selection

 The MCC and MNC, which are in the PLMN identity of the HPLMN, match the MCC and
MNC in the IMSI of the UE.
 Except the HPLMNs, the PLMNs that the UE camps on are defined as VPLMNs.
 For the PLMN selection in the VPLMN, a value of T minutes may be stored in the SIM.
Either T is in the range 6 minutes to 8 hours with a step of 6 minutes or T indicates that no
periodic attempts shall be made. If no value is stored in the SIM, a default value of 60
minutes is used.
 When the UE attempts to access the HPLMN or the PLMN with higher priority, the UE
must adhere to the following rules:
 After the UE is switched on, a period of at least two minutes and at most T
minutes shall elapse before the first attempt is made.
 Periodic attempts shall be performed only by the UE in idle mode.
 Only the priority levels of equivalent PLMNs of the same country (which serve as
the current serving VPLMN) can be compared with the priority level of a selected
PLMN.


 System information is used for the network to broadcast network information to UEs
camping on a cell so as to control the behavior of UEs.
 MIB
 When selecting a new cell, the UE reads the MIB. The UE may locate the MIB by
predefined scheduling information. The IEs in the MIB includes MIB value tag,
PLMN type, PLMN identity, reference and scheduling information for a number of
SIBs in a cell or one or two SBs in a cell.
 SB
 Scheduling Block (SB) gives reference and scheduling information to other SIBs.
 SIB
 System Information Block (SIB) contains actual system information. It consists of
system information elements (IEs) with the same purpose.
 Scheduling information for an SIB may only be included in either the MIB or one of the SB.
 UE may use the scheduling information in the MIB and SB to locate each SIB to be
acquired. If UE received an SIB in a position according to the scheduling information and
considers the contents as valid, UE will read and store the SIB.

 SIB4: contains parameters for cell selection and cell re-selection while UE is in connected
mode.
 SIB6: contains parameters for the common physical channels of the cell while UE is in
connected mode.
 SIB8: contains the CPCH static information.
 SIB9: contains the CPCH dynamic information.
 SIB10: contains information to be used by UEs having their DCH controlled by a DRAC
procedure. Used in FDD mode only. To be used in CELL_DCH state only. Changes so often,
its decoding is controlled by a timer.
 SIB12: contains measurement controlling information in connecting mode.
 SIB13: contains ANSI-41 system information.
 SIB14: contains the information in TDD mode.
 SIB15: contains the position service information.
 SIB16: contains the needed pre-configuration information for handover from other RAT to
UTRAN.
 SIB17: contains the configuration information for TDD.
 SIB18: contains the PLMN identities of the neighboring cells.
 To be used in shared networks to help with the cell reselection process.
 SIB19: contains Inter-RAT frequency and priority information to be used in the cell.

 The typical scenarios when the UE read system include the followings :
 Before cell selection
 After cell reselection
 Before location/route update
 When the UE enter idle mode from connected mode
 ……


 Camped normally: The cell that UE camps on is called the suitable cell. In this state, the UE
obtains normal services.
 Any cell selection: In this state, the UE shall attempt to find an acceptable cell of any PLMN
to camp on, trying all RATs that are supported by the UE and searching first for a high
quality cell.
 Camped on any cell: The cell that UE camps on is called the acceptable cell. In this state
the UE obtains limited services. For example, UE may originate emergency call. The UE
shall regularly attempt to find a suitable cell of the selected PLMN, trying all RATs that are
supported by the UE.
 Connected mode: After RRC connection setup, the UE changes from the idle mode to the
connected mode (CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH state).
 Cell selection of the UE leaving the connected mode:
 When returning to the idle mode from the connected mode, the UE shall select a
suitable cell to camp on. Candidate cells for this selection are the cells used
immediately before the UE leaves the connected mode.
 When returning to the idle mode after an emergency call on any PLMN, the UE
shall select an acceptable cell to camp on. Candidate cells for this selection are the
cells used immediately before the UE leaves the connected mode.
 If no acceptable cell is found, the UE shall continue to search for an acceptable cell
on any PLMN in the state "Any cell selection".


 Initial cell selection: If no cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts the initial
cell selection. For this procedure, the UE need not know in advance which Radio
Frequency (RF) channels are UTRA bearers. The UE scans all RF channels in the UTRA band
according to its capabilities to find a suitable cell of the selected PLMN. On each carrier,
the UE need only search for the strongest cell. Once a suitable cell is found, this cell shall
be selected.
 Stored information of cell selection: For this procedure, the UE has to know the central
frequency information and other optional cell parameters that are obtained from the
measurement control information received before, such as scrambling codes. After this
procedure is started, the UE selects a suitable cell if any. Otherwise, the "Initial cell
selection" procedure is triggered.

 If the pilot strength and quality of one cell meet S criteria, UE will stay in this cell and get
other system information. Then, UE will initiate a location update registration process.
 If the cell doesn’t satisfy S criteria, UE will get adjacent cells information from SIB11. Then,
UE will judge weather these cells satisfy S criteria. If the adjacent cell is suitable, UE will
stay in the adjacent cell.
 If no cell satisfies S criteria, UE will take the area as dead zone and continue the PLMN
selection and reselection procedure.
Parameter Description
Squal Cell selection quality value (dB)
Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dBm)
Qqualmeas Measured cell quality value. The quality of the received signal indicated in
average CPICH Ec/No (dB) for current cell
Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value. This RX level of the received signal indicated
CPICH RSCP (dBm) for current cell
Qqualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB)
Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm)
Pcompensation Max (UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH – P_MAX, 0) (dB)
UE_TXPWR_M MaxAllowedUlTxPower, Max allowed UE UL Tx Power (dBm)

AX_RACH
P_MAX Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm)

 Qqualmin
 Content: The minimum required quality level corresponding to CPICH Ec/No. The
UE can camp on the cell only when the measured CPICH Ec/No is greater than the
value of this parameter.
 Value range: -24~0
 Physical value range: -24~0; step: 1
 Physical unit: dB
 Set this parameter through ADD UCELLSELRESEL, query it through LST
UCELLSELRESEL, and modify it through MOD UCELLSELRESEL.
 Qrelevmin
 Content: The minimum required RX level corresponding to CPICH RSCP. The UE
can camp on the cell only when the measured CPICH RSCP is greater than the
value of this parameter.
 Value range: -58~-13
 Physical value range: -115~-25; step: 2 (-58: -115, -57: -113, ..., -13 :-25)
 Physical unit: dBm

 MaxAllowedUlTxPower
 Content: The maximum allowed uplink transmit power of a UE in the cell, which is
related to the network planning.
 Physical unit: dBm


 If Squal > Sintrasearch, the UE need not start the intra-frequency measurement.
 If Squal ≤ Sintrasearch, the UE need to start the intra-frequency measurement.
 If system messages do not contain Sintrasearch, the UE always need to start the intra-
frequency measurement.
 Parameters of the measurement start criteria:
Name Description
Squal Cell quality value (dB)
Qqualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB)
Sintrasearch Measurement threshold for UE to trigger intra-frequency cell reselection
Sintersearch Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-frequency cell reselection
SsearchRATm Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-RAT cell reselection

 If Squal > Sintersearch, the UE need not start the inter-frequency measurement.
 If Squal ≤ Sintersearch, the UE need to start the inter-frequency measurement.
 If system messages do not contain Sintersearch, the UE always need to start the inter-
frequency measurement.

 If Squal > SsearchRATm, the UE need not start the inter-RAT measurement.
 If Squal ≤ SsearchRATm, the UE need to start the inter-RAT measurement.
 If system messages do not contain SsearchRATm, the UE always need to start the inter-
RAT measurement.

 IdleSintrasearch
 Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the
quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this
threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection
procedure will be started. This parameter is not configured when its value is 127.
 Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}
 ConnSintrasearch
 Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When
the quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this
threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection
 Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}

 IdleSintersearch
 Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the
quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this
threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection
 Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}
 ConnSintersearch
 Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When
the quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this
threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection
 Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}

 SearchRat
 Content: A threshold for inter-RAT cell reselection. When the quality (CPICH Ec/No
measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the [Qqualmin]
of the cell, the inter-RAT cell reselection procedure will be started. This parameter
is not configured when its value is 127.
 Value range: {{-16~10}, {127}}

 The intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT measurement criteria are as shown in

the above figure.
 The intra-frequency cell reselection has a priority higher than the inter-frequency cell
reselection and inter-RAT cell reselection, the intra-frequency cell reselection start
threshold should be higher than the inter-frequency cell reselection start threshold and
inter-RAT cell reselection start threshold.
 If the cell reselection threshold is set to a comparatively high value, the UE may frequently
start cell reselections, and the battery of the UE may be largely consumed. If the cell
reselection threshold is set to a comparatively low value, it is difficult for cell reselections
to be started, and the UE may not timely reside in the cells with good quality, affecting the
quality of communication between the UTRAN and the UE. For detailed information, refer
to 3GPP TS 25.304.


 In Rs, s means serving cell. In Rn, n means neighbor cell.

 The offset Qoffset1s,n is used for Qoffsets,n to calculate Rn. The hysteresis Qhyst1s is used
for Qhysts to calculate Rs.
 The UE shall rank the cells according to the R criterion, derive Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and
calculate the R values, as described in the following cases:
 If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, the UE shall reselect that TDD or
GSM cell.
 If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection
and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP (QualMeas = CPICH_RSCP), the UE shall
reselect that FDD cell.
 If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection
and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/N0 (QualMeas = CPICH_ECNO), the UE shall
perform a second ranking of the FDD cells according to the R criteria specified
above. In this case, however, the UE uses the measurement quantity CPICH Ec/N0
for deriving the Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and then calculating the R values of the
FDD cells. The offset Qoffset2s,n is used for Qoffsets,n to calculate Rn, the
hysteresis Qhyst2s is used for Qhysts to calculate Rs.

 In all the previous cases, the UE can reselect a new cell only when the following conditions
are met:
 The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval
Treselections.
 More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.

 QualMeas
 Content: Measurement quantity of cell selection and reselection. It can be set to
CPICH Ec/N0 or CPICH RSCP.
 Value range: CPICH_ECNO(CPICH Ec/N0), CPICH_RSCP(CPICH RSCP)
 Physical value range: CPICH_ECNO, CPICH_RSCP
 Physical unit: None
 Treselections
 Content: If the signal quality of a neighboring cell is better than that of the serving
cell during the specified time of this parameter, the UE reselects the neighboring
cell. It is used to avoid ping-pong reselection between different cells.
 Value range: 0~31
 Physical value range: 0~31; step: 1
 Physical unit: s

 IdleQhyst1s
 Content: The hysteresis value of the serving FDD cells in idle mode in case the
quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is
related to the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater
the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.
 ConnQhyst1s
 Content: The hysteresis value of the serving FDD cells in connected mode in case
the quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is
the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter .

 IdleQhyst2s
 Content: The hysteresis value of the serving FDD cells in idle mode in case the
quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. It is
the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.
 Value range: {{0~20}, {255}}
 ConnQhyst2s
 Content: The hysteresis value of the serving FDD cells in connected mode in case
the quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. It
is related to the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The
greater the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.
 Value range: {{0~20}, {255}}

 IdleQoffset1sn
 Content: Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or
reselection when the UE is in idle mode.
 Physical value range: -50~+50; step: 1
 Set this parameter through ADD UINTRAFREQNCELL / ADD UINTERFREQNCELL,
query it through LST UINTRAFREQNCELL / LST UINTERFREQNCELL, and modify it
through MOD UINTRAFREQNCELL / MOD UINTERFREQNCELL.
 ConnQoffset1sn
 Content: Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or
reselection when the UE is in connected mode.
 Physical value range: -50~+50; step: 1

 IdleQoffset2sn
 Content: Offset of cell CPICH Ec/No measurement value in cell selection or
reselection when the UE is in idle mode.
 ConnQoffset2sn
 Content: Offset of cell CPICH Ec/No measurement value in cell selection or
reselection when the UE is in connected mode.


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WCDMA UE Behaviors in Idle Mode

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 Step 1: Slot synchronization

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Order PLMN types Remark

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Squal Cell selection quality value (dB)

Srxlev Cell selection RX level value (dBm)

Qqualmin Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB)

Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm)

Pcompensation Max (UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH – P_MAX, 0) (dB)

UE_TXPWR_M MaxAllowedUlTxPower, Max allowed UE UL Tx Power (dBm)

P_MAX Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm)

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 The intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT measurement criteria are as shown in

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 In Rs, s means serving cell. In Rn, n means neighbor cell.

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