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Science: Quarter 1 - Module 3 Potential and Kinetic Energy
Science: Quarter 1 - Module 3 Potential and Kinetic Energy
SCIENCE
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Potential and Kinetic Energy
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Potential and Kinetic Energy
First Edition, 2020
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Management Team
Lesson 1
Potential vs. Kinetic Energy …………………………….........…1
What I Need to Know …………………………………………………………..…..….1
What’s New: Activity 1: Potential Vs. Kinetic Energy ……………………...……….1
Activity 2: Roll Over……………………………………………….…….2
What Is It …...………………………………………………………………...….……..3
What’s More: Activity 3: Potential and Kinetic Energy Problems …....…………...5
What I Have Learned: Activity 4: Apply It .……………………….……………….....5
What I Can Do: Activity 5: Name Game ……………………………………………..5
Lesson 2
How Speed and Position of Object Affect
the Amount of Energy ……………….………………….…6
What’s In ………………………………………………………………………………...6
What I Need To Know ………………………………………………………………….6
What’s New:
Activity 1: How Speed and Position Affect the Energy of an Object……..…6
Activity 2: Gravitational and Elastic Energy………………………………...…7
What Is It ……………………………………………………………………………..….8
What’s More: Activity 3: Potential and Kinetic Energy within a System ……9
What I Have Learned ………………………………………………………………….10
What I Can Do: Activity 4: Application of Energy …………………………………..10
Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………11
Assessment (Post-Test) ……………………………………………………………………12
Key to Answers ………………………………………………………………………………14
References ……………………………………………………………………………………15
This page is intentionally blank.
What This Module All About
In the previous module you have learned about work, power and energy. Work is
done if the object you push moves a distance in the direction towards which you are pushing
it. No work is done if the force exerted does not make the object move and if the direction of
the force and motion of the object is not the same. You also learned that power is directly
proportional to work but inversely to time that even though they have the same work output
but differs in time to finish the work, power may vary.
Energy does lot of things. In fact, it is really common to hear comments like these,
“You feel tired because you do not have energy” or “You could not raise your hand because
you do not have energy”. You already encountered the concept about energy but you still
have more to go. Come On! Let’s Go and Learn Together!
Energy may exist in variety of forms. These forms could either be relative to its
motion or position of an object. Also, energy is related to work and power of an object.
However, oftentimes we get confused in identifying the forms of energy especially if the
object changes its position. At the same time, we also perceived that energy is affected by
the speed alone. In this module, you will learn more on the various forms of energy and how
it is affected by the speed and position of the object.
i
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
ii
What I Know
I. Matching Type
Instruction: Match column A and column B. Write the letter of a correct answer in the space
provided.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
What’s New
2. 2.
3. 3.
Guide Question?
1. What are your bases of considering the situations as potential or kinetic energy?
Express your answer for at least three sentences only.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
.
Procedure:
1. Use books or cardboard or any flat surface material to make an incline.
2. Make the incline for about 12 inches as height. Record the height under Roll 1 in the
table below.
3. Place your marble at the top of the incline. Once it stops moving, use the ruler to
measure the distance travelled by the marble from the end of the incline.
4. Add about 6 inches height of your incline. Then repeat steps two and three.
What Is it
What is Energy?
A simple definition of energy states that it is the capacity to do work. The greater the
energy of the body, the greater is its capacity to perform any work. It also does things to
make our life easier. It moves cars, cook food, keeps ice frozen, plays our favorite music and
lights our home. It is also responsible for growth and development.
The energy may be stored by the object in a variety of forms. This work could be in a
form of light, heat, motion, sound, growth, and power to operate technology.
Kinetic energy is the energy relative to the motion of an object. For instance, as the
marble rolls down in an incline from maximum height, its energy is transformed from
potential energy to kinetic energy. At a height just above the ground, the form of energy is
mostly kinetic. It means that the energy has been transformed relative to the vertical position
and motion of an object. Examples of objects with kinetic energy include moving cars, a
bullet in motion, or revolving flywheel. The equation used to solve for kinetic energy is
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KE= mv 2
2
Where: KE= kinetic energy (joules)
m- mass (kg)
v- magnitude of velocity (m/s)
Potential energy is the stored energy relative to the position of an object. It depends
on the height of an object relative to a reference point. The higher an object is positioned,
the greater the gravitational potential energy. For instance, a pile of books on top of the
table, a stone positioned at the top of the building a car parked up on a ramp possess more
ability to do work than they had when were at ground level. It can also be stored in a
stretched or compressed elastic material, such as springs. Yet, it is computed as,
PE grav = mgh
Where: PE grav= gravitational potential energy (joules)
m= mass (kg)
g = 9.8 m/s2 (acceleration due to gravity)
h = height relative to the reference point (m)
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Forms of Energy
Potential Kinetic
Chemical Energy- the energy that holds Electrical Energy- is the energy by the
the particles together. movement of electrons.
Elastic Energy- a stored energy in Radiant Energy- an electromagnetic
objects by the application of force energy that travels in a transverse wave.
Nuclear Energy- is the energy stored in Thermal Energy- the internal energy of
an atom specifically in the nucleus. the substances.
Gravitational Potential Energy- the Sound Energy- the motion of energy
energy of position. through particles in mechanical
(longitudinal) waves.
What’s More
Activity 3 – Potential and Kinetic Energy Problems
Example 1: Rey serves a ping pong ball with a velocity of 30m/s. If the ball has a mass of
0.15 kg, what is the kinetic energy (KE of the ball)?
Given: Mass=0.15 kg
Velocity= 30 m/s
1 2
Solution: KE= mv
2
= 0.5 x 0.15 kg x 900 m2/s2
Example 2: Determine the kinetic energy of a 6.10-kg racing car that is moving with a speed
of 18.0 m/s.
Given: Mass=6.3 kg
1 2
Solution: KE= mv = 0.5 x 6.1 kg x 324 m2/s2
2
= 0.5 x 6.10 kg x (18.0 m/s)2
4
Potential Energy = mass x gravity x height
Example 3: Mark has an object suspended in the air. It has a mass of 30 kilograms and is 40
meters above the ground. Calculate the objects potential energy.
Given: Mass= 30 kg
Height = 40 m
Gravity= 9.8 m/s2
Unknown: Potential Energy
Solution: PE ¿ mgh
= 30 kg x 9.8 m/s2 x 40 m
Example 4: A cart is filled with a brick and pulled at constant speed along an inclined plane
to the height of a seat-top. If the mass of the cart is 4.0 kg and the height of the seat top is
0.50 meters, then what is the potential energy of cart at the height of the seat-top?
Solution: PE ¿ mgh
Apply your understanding of work and power to answer the following questions.
1. An 80kg man is walking at a rate of 4m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the
man.
2. Mike has an object thrown in the air. It has a mass of 10kg and is 2 meters
above the ground. Calculate the potential energy of the object.
3. A cat can run briefly with a speed of 31.0 m/s. Suppose a cat with a mass of
47.0 kg runs at this speed. What is the cat’s kinetic energy?
4. A baseball ball has a mass of about 245 grams. Suppose the player hits the
ball across the table with a speed of about 4.00 m/s. What is the ball’s KE?
5. An object has a mass of 50 kg which is located 5 meters high. What is its
potential energy?
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What I Have Learned
Activity 4 – Apply It
Suppose a person who has a 45-kg mass is riding along a frictionless roller coaster
track. At a particular instant, the cart is 15 m above the ground and traveling at 3 m/s. Do
you think the potential and kinetic energy of the cart that the person riding is the same?
Why?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
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Lesson How Speed and Position of Object
Affect the Amount of Energy
2
What’s In
Understand the given situation and identify if it is Potential Energy or Kinetic Energy.
1. The apple in the tree is ________________________ energy
2. The apple falling from the tree is _________________ energy.
3. If the rubber band is stretched it is ________________ energy.
4. If the roller coaster is still, it is ____________________ energy.
5. If the roller coaster is moving, it is _________________ energy.
Relate speed and position of object to the amount of energy possessed by a body.
What’s New
Activity 1 – How Speed and Position of Object Affect the Amount of Energy
Objective: Understand how speed and position of object affect the amount of energy?
Procedure
Read and analyze the given scenario and answer the guide questions.
Scenario: Ana took a walk in the park and saw a child riding on a swing. She had these
following observations while watching the child swinging.
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1. The child is on her stationary position as she is sitting on the swing.
2. The child is moving back and forth as she is riding on the swing.
3. At some instant, the child is at its highest point on the swing.
Guide Questions:
1. Of these three observations, which is displaying the most kinetic energy?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
2. Of these three observations, which is displaying the most potential energy?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
3. With these following observations, how speed and position affect the amount of
energy?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
Source:https://favpng.com/png_view/to-be-kicked-the-football- Source:https://www.shutterstock.com/search/stretched+rub
bouncing-ball-royalty-free-clip-art-png/KJG3VwH4 ber+bandpng/KJG3VwH4
Guide Questions:
1. Which of the figures illustrates elastic potential energy? Write only the letter of your
answer. __________.
2. Which of the figures illustrates kinetic potential energy? Write only the letter of your
answer. __________.
3. What energy possessed by the bouncing ball before and after it fell to the ground?
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think will happen if the rubber band is released in illustration B?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
What Is it
What’s More
Activity 3 – Potential and Kinetic Energy within a System
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the materials: 5-centavo coin,
30 cm string
2. Tie a 5-centavo coin to the end of a 30-
cm string.
3. Hold the end of the string.
4. Move the bob (5-centavo) about 20 cm to
the right and left.
5. Let go of the bob so it can swing.
Guide Questions:
1. What happens if you just let the bob
swing back and forth? What happened to the energy?
2. How speed and position affect the energy possess by an object?
10
What I Can Do
Let’s apply what you have you learned in gravitational and elastic potential energy in
practical application. Please read carefully the instructions in our task card. Write your
answers on the table provided below.
TASK CARD:
Give practical examples and applications of how an object gains, elastic potential
energy, gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Give at least five (2)
examples
Energy Application
Elastic PE
Gravitational PE
Kinetic PE
Summary
Formulas:
1
KE= mv 2
2
PE grav = mgh
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Assessment (Post-test)
4. Arvin has an object thrown upward. Its mass is 50 kg and is 50 meters high.
Calculate the object’s potential energy. Write your solution in the box.
II. Classify the following as a type of potential or kinetic energy. Write P if the energy present in
the example is Potential energy and K if its kinetic energy.
1. A bicyclist pedaling up a hill _____ 6. An archer with his bow drawn _____
2. A volleyball player spiking a ball _____ 7. A baseball thrown to second base _____
3. The chemical bonds in sugar _____ 8. The wind blowing through your hair _____
4. Walking down the street _____ 9. Sitting on top of a tree _____
5. A bowling ball rolling down _____ 10. A bowling ball sitting on the rack _____
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1. Which point displays the marble when it has the least kinetic energy? __
2. Which point displays the marble when it has just a greater kinetic energy than A? __
3. Which point displays the marble when it has just a greater potential energy than letter C?
__
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4. Which point displays the marble when it has just a lesser potential energy than letter F?
__
5. Which point displays the marble when it has just a greater kinetic energy than letter G?
__
6. Which point displays the marble when it has just a lesser kinetic energy than letter D?
___
7. Which point displays the marble when it has just a lesser potential energy than letter C?
__
8. Which sequence correctly displays increasing in potential energy?
A. C, D, E, F B. B, F, E, C
C. D, E, B, F D. A, G, F, C
9. Which sequence correctly displays increasing in kinetic energy?
A. E, F, B, G B. B, F, E, C
C. D, E, B, F D. A, B, C, D
10. Which sequence correctly displays decreasing in kinetic energy?
A. E, F, B, G B. B, F, E, C
C. D, E, F, G D. A, G, F, C
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Key to Answers
14
References
Aquino, Marites D, Meliza P Valdoz, Jan Jason M Mariano, and Mary Anne T. Bascara.
Worktext in Science and Technology. C.M. Rcto Avenue, Manila, Philippines: Science
Links Book Store, 2013.
“Potential and Kinetic Energy.” Scene: Keeping Track of Energy. Accessed June 29, 2020.
https://serpmedia.org/scigen/e1.1.html.
“Potential and Kinetic Energy.” Lesson: Kinetic vs. Potential Energy. Accessed June 29,
2020. https://serpmedia.org/scigen/e1.2.html.
“Potential and Kinetic Energy.” Lab: Pendulum Energy. Accessed June 29, 2020.
https://serpmedia.org/scigen/e1.3.html.
“Work, Energy, and Power.” The Physics Classroom. Accessed June 29, 2020.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Kinetic-Energy.
“Edl.” Kinetic and Potential Energy Worksheet. Accessed July 10, 2020.
https://4.files.edl.io/9ff7/11/12/19/204115-53613b83-3949-4228-a8e6-
99359fcd5e11.pdf.
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