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Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Sounds
Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 — Module 5: Sound
First Edition, 2020
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Layout Artist:
Management Team
Lesson 1:
PROPAGATION OF SOUND............................................................... 1
What I Need to Know…………………………………………………………………….1
What’s New: Activity 1: Compare Me......................................................................2
Activity 2: Dance with Me …………………………………………3
What Is It..............................................................................................................................4
What’s More: Activity 3: Push and Pull.......................................................................... 6
What I Have Learned: Activity 4: Answer and Label................................................... 7
What I Can Do: Activity 5: Telephone Invention...........................................................8
Lesson 2:
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE TO THE SPEED OF SOUND........9
What’s In: Activity 1: Picture Analysis............................................................................ 9
What I Need to Know......................................................................................................... 9
What’s New: Activity 2: Observe and Answer ………………………………………
Activity 3: Same or Unlike..................................................................... .10
What Is It.............................................................................................................................11
What’s More Activity 4: Choose Me......................................................................... 12
What I Have Learned: Activity 5: True or False......................................................12
What I Can Do: Activity 6: Reading Comprehension...................................................13
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………..15
Assessment: (Post-Test)……………………………………………………………………….16
Key to Answers.............................................................................................................................17
References.................................................................................................................................... .19
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What This Module is About
Giggle, whistle, growl, beep, click, these are just a few of the common sounds that
you hear every day. From the moment your mother conceived you in the womb, you have
already perceived the sense of hearing. As you live each day, you learn to respond to the
different sounds around you. You are awakened by the loud ringing of your alarm clock early
in the morning. A knock on your door informs you that it’s time to prepare for school. Then
you hear the voice of your friend calling you to walk to school together.
“The Science of Sound has gone all the way from a mere transfer of energy to the
creation of tunes and music of entertainment. Most of our gadgets are sound embedded to
amuse us. In the field of geology and oceanography, sound is used to determine depths.
The health sciences are also using sound for medical purposes. Some animals are
dependent on sound for movement. The newest focus of sound science is on ecology where
ecological patterns and phenomena are predicted based on sounds released by the different
components of the ecosystem.” 1
Can you imagine a world without sounds? Indeed, our life is filled with a multitude of
sounds that help us communicate, learn, discover, respond, and adapt in a fast changing
world. This module will introduce you to interesting concepts of sound which includes sound
propagation, reflection and refraction of sounds, and how temperature affects the speed of
sound.
1. infer how the movement of particles of an object affects the speed of sound through
it; and
2. investigate the effect of temperature to speed of sound through fair testing.
1
Pia C. Campo, et al.,Science 8 Learner’s Module (Pasig City: 2013), page 69.
i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
ii
What I Know
Direction: Choose the letter of the BEST answer. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.
1. The method of detecting the presence, position and direction of motion of distant
objects by reflecting a beam of sound waves is known as _____________.
A. RADAR B.SONAR
C. MIR D.CRO
4. Which of the following quantities tells how hot or cold an object is with respect to
some standard?
A. Density B. Mass
C. Pressure D. Temperature
6. How would you relate the temperature of the medium with the speed of sound?
A. The higher the temperature, the faster the sound travels.
B. The higher the temperature, the slower the sounds travel.
C. The lower the temperature, the faster the sound travels.
D. none of the above
8. Calculate the speed of sound if the temperature of the vibrating water is28°C?
A.346m/s B.347.8m/s
C. 350m/s D.349.1m/s
iii
9. An echo occurs when sound___________.
A. is transmitted through a surface.
B. is reflected from a distant surface.
C. changes speed when it strikes a distant surface.
D. all of the above
11. You can hear noises a long distance away over water at night because
________________.
A. of lowered temperature.
B. water conducts sound better at night.
C. Sound is reflected off water more efficiently at night.
D. Of refraction of sound in air.
12. What is the BEST reason why a lot of people love to sing inside the bathroom?
A. because of privacy
B. because the bathroom creates an aurally pleasing acoustic environment
C. because of resonance
D. because the small dimension of the bathroom makes someone comfortable
13. The technique used by bats to find their way or to locate food is .
A. SONAR B.RADAR
C. ECHOLOCATION D.FLAPPING
iv
Lesson Propagation of Sound
1
What I Need to Know
All sounds are produced by vibrations. When you pluck a guitar string, it vibrates and
produces a sound. When the wind blows through a tree, the leaves vibrate and produced a
rustling sound. When sound waves reach you ears, the waves cause your eardrums to
vibrate. 2
In grade seven, you have learned that sound is a form of mechanical wave. This
means that sound requires a medium so that it can be transported from one location to another.
A medium (plural: media) is anything that allows the transfer of energy. In our topic these include
solid, liquid, and gas. Did you ever wonder why we can see the bright stars at night but never
heard how they sound like? As said, sound needs a medium to travel, and since space is close
to vacuum (empty space) sound is hardly heard. Sound cannot travel through vacuum.
At the end of this lesson, you must be able to demonstrate that sound travels through
solid, liquid, and gas. You will discover through simple activities of which medium sound
travel fastest. You will also find out how the temperature of the medium affects the speed of
sound. Lastly, you will be familiarized with the concepts of reflection and refraction of sound
which you commonly experience every day.
2
Felicarta, C.Break Through Science 7 (Quezon City: 2013), page 208.
1
What’s New
Activity 1: Compare Me
Objective:
1. infer that sound is transmitted in solid and air through vibrations of air particles;
and
2. compare how sound travel through solid and air.
Materials:
pencil or ruler
table or desk
Procedures:
Source: https://shutr.bz/3g4ze4V
2. Then ask your friend to gently tap the other end of the
table but this time makes sure that your ear is not
touching the table. Observe and compare what you heard
from number 1.
Source: https://shutr.bz/3g4ze4V
Q1. On which situation did you encounter louder and more pronounced sound?
2
Activity 2: Dance with Me
Objective:
At the end of the activity, learners will be able to infer that sound is transmitted in air
through vibrations of air particles.
Materials:
1 rubber band
1 piece plastic sheet/cellophane
1 empty big can or plastic container (enough to put a phone inside)
1 pinch of sugar
cell phone/radio/speaker
Procedure:
1. Get an empty can or container. Make sure it is clean before using it in the experiment.
2. Turn on the music of your cell phone and put it inside the can.
3. Cover the opening of an empty can with a piece of plastic or cellophane and secure it
tightly with a rubber band.
4. Spread some grains of sugar on top of the plastic.
5. Observe the sugar what happens to the sugar.
6. This time, remove the phone from the container and put the cover back. Again, place
some grains of sugar on top of the plastic.
7. This time place the phone near the container while it is playing. Explore the changes
of the behavior of sugar while turning the volume at different levels.
If cellphone is not available, you may use radio or speakers, or anything that can produce
sound like hitting a can with a piece of stone.
Q1. What did you observe with the sugar particles while the phone is playing inside the can?
Q2. Compare the movement of the sugar if the cell phone is inside the can. How about if
the cell phone is outside the can? How about when you change the phone’s volume?
Q3. Based on your observations, why did the sugar particles move?
3
What Is It
Ability to flow Does not flow Does not flow Flow easily
Compressibility Cannot be Cannot be Can be compressed
compressed easily compressed easily easily
Molecules in solids are closer to each other compared to liquid, so the sound
vibration (wave) can transfer from one molecule to the next more easily. So sound waves
travel fastest in solid, then in liquid, and gas.
4
In Activity 2, you had fun watching the sugar dance with the music. The sugar is a
representation of air particles when they are bothered. The disturbance encountered by the
sugar is the reason the sugar bounce up and down. In Grade 7, you discussed that energy is
transferred or transmitted from one object to another. Bouncing sugar is also a process of
energy transmission. In the activity you can infer that sound waves are vibrations that move
through the air and that sound is transported through oscillation of air particles.
Sound is a form of a wave. If you have recalled, a wave has its lowest point called
the trough and the highest point called the crest. In transporting sound, the waves are
characterized as longitudinal waves. These are waves that travel parallel to the motion of
particles. Longitudinal waves are waves that are usually created by pulling and pushing the
material or medium just like in the slinky or spring. You can observe the alternating
compression and rarefaction (Figure 2). A compression is a region in a longitudinal wave
where the particles are closest together while a rarefaction is a region where the particles
are furthest apart. On the other hand another type of wave called the transverse wave is a
wave where the movement of the particles are perpendicular to the direction of the wave or
path of propagation (Figure 3). Sound wave is not a transverse wave.
5
What’s More
Materials:
Permanent marker
Old newspaper
Meter stick
Stopwatch
Slinky/ spring of the notebook
Procedure:
1. Connect one end of the slinky to a fixed point. Hold the other end then push and pull the
slinky continuously.
Source: Quora.com
2.This time move the other end of the spring in an upward and downward direction while the
other end is still connected to the fixed point. Record your observations.
Guide Questions:
Q1. What did you observe with the movement of the slinky/ spring as you push and pull it?
Q2. What does the slinky represents?
Q3. What do you call the converging and spreading parts of the slinky in a longitudinal wave?
Q4. Describe the movement of the spring.
Q5. What do you call the highest and lowest part of the transverse wave?
6
What I Have Learned
A. Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following would be most likely transmit sound the best?
A. Water in the ocean
B. Steel in the cabinet
C. Water in a swimming pool
D. Air in your classroom
3. Sound waves faster in water than in air because water has greater _____________.
A. Volume
B. Density
C. Number Of Molecules
D. Elasticity
B. Study the figure below and identify the numbered parts of longitudinal and transverse wave.
1 2
7
What I Can Do
Output Rubric
Category 4 3 2 1
8
Effect of Temperature to the
Lesson Speed of Sound
2
What’s In
Directions: Study the pictures below and answer the guide questions in your activity
notebook.
Sea Breeze
http://bit.ly/2AL5nQ9
At the end of the activity, you will be able to investigate the effect of temperature to
speed of sound through fair testing.
9
What’s New
Objective: At the end of the activity, you will be able to explain the differences in the speed
of sound when the temperature is changed. Write your answer in your activity notebook.
Speed of Sound
358.0 m/s
343.6m/s
330.4m/s
Source: https://bit.ly/3iaZ6hm
Guide Questions:
1. What happens to the speed of sound when the temperature decreases?
2. Does sound travel faster or slower as temperature increases?
1. Compare the clearness of sound of the boy shouting behind the wall and the boy
shouting not behind the wall.
2. What is produced when a sound is reflected back by a barrier?
10
What Is It
Temperature affect the speed of sound, if the surrounding is hot the sounds travels
faster. The same with heat, sound is also a form of kinetic energy. Wherein at higher
temperatures, particles have more kinetic with that it vibrates faster. Sound travels at about
331m/s in dry air at 0°C, the speed of sound depend on the hotness or coldness of the
surroundings, sound is inversely proportional.it means that if the temperature is greater than
0°C the speed of sound is also greater than 331m/s by an amount of 0.6m/s/c.3
The formula to find the speed of sound in air is as follows:
v = 331m/s + 0.6m/s/C * T
Where, v is the speed of sound and T is the temperature of the air. One thing to keep
in mind is that this formula finds the average speed of sound for any given temperature.
There are also factors that affect the speed of sound such as humidity and air pressure.
Sound waves bounced back when they hit a barrier. Just like when you’re in a cave
and you are shouting your voice turn back, it is called as reflection and Echo is one of the
example of reflected sound. On the other hand if there are multiple echoes it is
Reverberation. A reverberation happens in a little room with height, width and length
dimensions of approximately 17 meters or less. This is the reason why many people even
actors and actresses love to sing inside the bathroom.
Sound also refract when it encounters a medium of different density. Thus travels
faster in hotter media. This change in speed of sound during refraction is also manifested
as sort of “bending” of sound waves. That is why open field concerts is done during night
time as sound waves are refracted from the stage towards the audience. This gives a clearer
and more audible music to enjoy.4
3
Pia C. Ocampo, et al.,Science 8 Learner’s Module (Pasig City: 2013), page 87.
4
Thermaxx Jackets , Sound-wave-refraction-acoustic-shadows June 29,2020.
https://www.thermaxxjackets.com/sound-wave-refraction-acoustic-
11
What’s More
Activity 4: Choose Me
Objective: At the end of the activity, student will observe how sound waves refract.
Figure 4 and 5. Behavior of sound during the day and during the night
(Source: https://bit.ly/3dKAfxs)
Procedure: Look closely the picture, and choose the best answer in the parenthesis. Write it
in your activity notebook.
1. During day time when sound propagates in air, temperature changes with altitude
sound bends towards (hotter, cooler) region.
2. (Refraction, Reflection) is due to the different refractive indices of air because of the
difference of temperature.
3. During the day the sound travels faster (near, far) the ground.
4. Sound wave refract (upwards, downwards) during day time.
5. The sound farther from the ground travels (faster, slower) at night causing the sound
wave to refract back towards the earth.
Activity 5: TRUE or FALSE. Write “T” if the statement is TRUE and “F” if the statement is
FALSE.
12
What I Can Do
Directions: Read the selection below and complete the table after.
https://bit.ly/31pul2w
Are you familiar with the picture above? Maybe you have seen this from your mother
or relative when they were pregnant. Pregnant women undergoes ultrasound imaging to
monitor the development of the fetus inside the womb of the mother. An ultrasound machine
produces a very high-frequency sound wave that is reflected back from different tissues
within our body. The bouncing back of wave is affected by the density of the tissue; the
function of ultrasound machine is specially programmed to read these differences to produce
an image.
On the other hand ultrasonic waves are used for cleaning delicate instruments by
vibrating the cleaning liquid at a high frequency. Ultrasonic waves are also used for
detecting flaws and cracks in metal. Much like an ultrasound, this process works by sending
a signal and then waiting for the waves to bounce back. Each material has a different return
time. Using these return times, scientists are able to detect where the cracks and flaws are
located.
13
Sound Waves in Research and Industry
Direction: Write at least five (5) uses of sound waves in the field of Medicine and in the field
of Industry. Copy and answer in your activity notebook.
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
14
Summary
Sound has three characteristics one is frequency, speed and amplitude. Sound
waves are created by the vibration of some object and are detected when they cause a
detector to vibrate. Waves have two properties. Acoustics is the study of sound waves.
Sound waves bounced back when they hit a barrier. When wave turns back just like
when you’re in a cave it is called as reflection and Echo is one of the example of reflected
sound. On the other hand Reverberation refers to the multiple reflections or echoes in a
place. A reverberation happens in a small room with height, width and length dimensions of
approximately 17 meters or less. This is the reason why lot of people even actors and
actresses love to sing inside the bathroom.
Sound also refract when it encounters a medium of different density. Sound travels
faster in hotter media. This change in speed of sound during refraction is also manifested
as sort of “bending” of sound waves. This makes open field concerts better done during
night time as sound waves are refracted from the stage towards the audience. This gives a
clearer and more audible music to enjoy.6
5
Pia C. Ocampo, et al.,Science 8 Learner’s Module (Pasig City: 2013), page 87.
wave-refraction-acoustic.
15
Assessment (Post-Test)
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on your activity notebook.
1. The following produce sound except?
A. Beaten drum C. Vibrating objects
B. Parked car D. Ringing cellphone
5. What is the main reason why you can hear noises a long distance away over water at night?
A. There are fewer other noises at night.
B. Water conducts sound better at night.
C. Water bounces off sound better at night
D. Sound waves are bent towards the cool air over the water.
10. Which of the following quantities tells how hot or cold an object is with respect to some
standard?
A. density C. pressure
B. mass D. temperature
16
Key to Answers
17
18
References and Links
Thermaxx Jackets. 2020. Refraction Of Sound Waves & Acoustic Shadows Explained.
[online] Available at: <https://www.thermaxxjackets.com/sound-wave-refraction-
acoustic shadows . [Accessed 29 June 2020].
19
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