NOT

8
Science
Quarter 3 – Module 4:
Periodic Table (PT) of Elements
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 4: The Periodic Table (PT) of Elements
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI
Development Team of the Module

Writer(s): Corazon Resmeros Asencion Master Teacher II

Reviewer(s): Nilda U. Villegas, EPS – Science

Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS
Dahlia M. Maputol

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 8
Science
Quarter 3– Module 4:
The Periodic Table (PT) of Elements
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

Title Page

What This Module is about………………………………………………………………...i

Icons of this Module ……………………………………………………………. ii
What I Know (Pre-test)………………….……………………………………………… iii

Lesson 1: Trace the Development of Periodic Table from Observation

Based on the Similarity in Properties of Element
What’s In Activity 1: What’s My Name? .................................................. 1
What I Need to know ..................................................................................... 4
What Is It ............................................................................................... 6
What’s More Activity 3: The Modern Periodic Table ................................... 9
What I Have Learned Activity.4: Columns and Rows in the Periodic Table 10
What I Can Do Activity 5: Make you decision
Part A Concept …………………………………………………………… 12
Part B Tracing the Events ...................................................... 13
Lesson 2 Use the Periodic Table to predict the chemical Behavior
of an Element ………………………………………………………………. 15
What’s In Activity 1 Where Do I Belong............................................................ 15
What I need to know ………………………………………………………. 16
What’s New Activity 2 The Most Reactive and The Biggest Element ….. 17
What Is It Atomic Radius or Size of Element ......................................... 18
What’s More Activity 3 Relationship between Ionization Energy,
Electron Affinity and Electronegativity .............................. 19
What I Have Learned Activity 4 Electronic Configuration............................ 21
What I Can Do Activity 5 Complete Me …....................................................... 22
Summary and Assessment (Post Test) …………………………………. 24
Key to answers ……………………………………………………………. 27
References …………………………………………………………… 31
What This Module Is About

Welcome Module 4

You have learned from module 2 about the atomic structure in relation to the
Periodic Table. You notice that a pattern emerges from the way the atoms are
arranged in the table.
The content of this module is all about Periodic Table which includes the
Development of the Periodic Table, Arrangement of Elements and the Reactive and
Non-Reactive Metals.
This module has two lessons that focused on:
1. Tracing the development of Periodic Table from observations based on
similarities in properties of elements; and
2. Use the Periodic Table to predict the chemical behaviour of an element.

In this module, you will learn that elements are arranged in the Periodic Table
in rows and columns according to increasing atomic numbers. This arrangement is
based on the properties of elements which are found to be repeated regularly. You
will recognize this incredible feature of the Periodic Table in this module, as you
explore its full potential as a source of information about the elements. You might
even find it like a road map as you journey in your chemistry class. It would be helpful
to keep it handy all the time.

In this module you will perform different activities which demonstrate

understanding about Periodic Table of Elements and you will learn about it as an
organizing tool to determine the chemical properties of elements.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Trace the development of the Periodic Table from observations based on
similarities in properties of elements; S8MT-IIIg-h-11
2. Use the Periodic Table to predict the chemical behavior of an element. S8MT-
IIIi-j-12

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are required to do the following:

1. Read and follow the directions/ procedures / instructions carefully

2. Answer all the given Pretest and Post-test for Lesson 1 and 2
3. Perform the different activity and answer the guide questions.

i
Icons of this module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that are set
Know for you to learn as you go along the module.

This will assess your level of knowledge to the

What I know subject matter at hand, it meant specifically to
gauge prior related knowledge

In This part connects previous lesson with that of

What’s In
the current one

An introduction of the new lesson through various

What’s New activities, before it will be presented to you

These are discussions of the activities as a way to

What is It deepen your discovery and understanding of the
concept.

These are follow-up activities that are intended for

What’s More you to practice further in order to master the
competencies.

What I Have Learned Activities designed to process what you

have learned from the lesson

These are tasks that are designed to showcase

What I can do your skills and knowledge gained, and help you to
apply it to real-life concerns and situations.
Icons

ii
 What I know
Directions: Read the following statements and choose the letter that corresponds to
your answer. Write your answer on the space provided before the number:
___1. The development of the Periodic Table could be traced from a chemist who
formed triads of elements with similar properties in 1817 by ____
a. Lothar Meyer c. John Newlands
b. Dmitri Mendeleev d. Johann Dobereiner
___2. An English Chemist proposed the law in grouping the elements based on
increasing atomic masses and noted that for every eight element exhibits similar
properties as compared to the first. What is this law? 
a. Law of Triad c. Law of Octave
b. Law of Periodic d. Law of Element
___3. How are atomic number of elements arranged in the Periodic Table?
a. Decreases from top to bottom c. increases from left to right
b. Increases from top to bottom d. decreases from top to bottom
___4. The order of elements in the Modern Periodic Table is based on its
a. atomic number c. chemical symbol
b. name of element d. Atomic mass
___ 5. All of the following elements belong to metalloids, EXCEPT
a. Boron b. Silicon c. Germanium d. Mercury
___ 6. The elements are grouped into blocks or series in the Periodic Table. Group 3
to group 12 are called ______.
a. Transition elements c. Actinide elements
b. Inner Transition elements d. Lanthanide elements
____7. Which of the following elements is the most reactive?
a. Potassium b. Sodium c. Lithium d. Calcium
___ 8. There is an existing definite order of reactivity among metals and hydrogen
according to their ability to displace one another. It is called…..
a. Activity Series of Metal c. Activity Series of Metalloid
b. Reactivity Series of Metal d. Reactivity Series of Metalloid
For numbers 9-12 please refer to the figure below on the trends of property of
elements in the Periodic Table.

iii
___9. Based on the Periodic Table of elements, which of the following is/are correct
regarding the atomic radius?
a. The elements on top of the Periodic Table (PT) position are smaller than at
the bottom
b. The elements at the right side of the PT are bigger than on the left side
c. The elements located at the top and right side of the PT are smaller than the
elements at the bottom left side of PT.
d. The elements located at the bottom, of the right side of the PT has the same
atomic radius at the top and left side of the Periodic table.
__10. What happens to the Ionization Energy of elements from right to left and from
the bottom to the top of the Periodic Table?
a. Ionization energy increases from right to left, it also increases from top to
bottom
b. Ionization energy increases from right to left and decreases from top to
bottom
c. Ionization energy decreases from right to left, also decreases from top to
bottom d. Ionization energy decreases from right to left and also increases from top
to bottom
___ 11. What do you observe about the electron affinity from left to right position of
element in the Periodic Table?
a. Increasing c. either increasing or decreasing
b. Decreasing d. undetermined
___12. There are many rearrangements of elements in the Periodic Table thus it was
revised later when Henry Moseley an English Physicist observed that…
a. The order of the x-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows the order
of the elements by atomic number
b. The order of the x-ray wavelength emitted by elements follows the order
of the elements by atomic number
c. The order of the x-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows the order
of the elements by atomic mass
d. The order of the x-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows the order
of the elements by atomic size
___ 13. The elements from the taller columngroups 1, 2, and 13 through 18 are
called
a. Representative or Main c. Actinide or Series
b. Inner Transition or Metal d. Lanthanide or Metalloid
__ 14. Based on similar properties, which of the elements are group in triad
according to Johann Dobereiner?

a. Al, Ca, Na c. Ba, Sr, Ca

b. Ca , Ba, Na d. Al, Ba Na
___15.How does Henry Moseley describe the Modern Periodic Law?
a. It states that ‘’the properties of elements vary periodically with atomic
mass’’
b. It states that ‘’the properties of elements are similar periodically with
atomic number’’
c. It states that ‘’the properties of elements vary periodically with atomic
number’’
d. It states that ‘’the properties of elements vary periodically with atomic
mass’’

iv
 What’s In

Activity 1 What’s my name?

Objectives: After performing the activity, you should be able to:

1. Identify the name and symbol of elements
2. Cite the importance of elements in our life
Directions:
1. This activity is divided into two parts ( A & B)
2. Read the procedures in every part and answer the guide questions that
follow.

PART A Naming an element

Procedures:
1. Familiarize the elements in the Periodic Table shown below

2. Read the short description of an element in the first column

3. Analyze the drawing/ figure given in the second column
4. Give the name and symbol of the element given in the second column

1
 Observation: Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Description Image Name of Symbol of

element element

1. I am the most precious mineral

found below the ground 1._____ 2._____

2. Nail used in buildings and road 4._____ 5.______

constructions

3. I am found inside the light bulb 6.______ 7.______

4. We inhale gas for breathing

8.______ 9.______

5. I am the can used as container of

some foods. 10._____ 11._____

6. The middle part of a thermometer

that goes up and down to measure
and record body and surrounding 12._____ 13._____
temperature.

7. I am found in the bone 14._____ 15.______

8. I am useful for bleaching and

cleaning. 16.______ 17._____

9. I am the first element in the

Periodic Table. 18._____ 19._____

2
 PART B: Identification of element and mastery of the symbol
Procedure:
1. Analyze the puzzle, find the 10 elements formed in horizontal, vertical,
across, upward, downward, and sideward to the left or to the right.
Example HYDROGEN
FIND ME
F W Y H J M S C F G F W Y H J M S C F G
B N G H N M K W S X B N G T I N K W S X
C F G T H J K L M D C F G T H J K L M D
F V B N M I O L O Y F V B N M A O L O P
E R L G H N J M R Q E R F G H R J M K Q
F V E N M I O U O S F V B N M G O A O S
E R A G H N C M K C E R F G H O J G K C
F V D N M R O L O F F V B N M N O N O F
F W Y H E M S C F G F W Y H J M S E F G
B N G M N M K W S I L V E R N M K S S X
C F G T H J K L M D C F G T H J K I M D
F V B N M I O L O P F V B N M I O U O P
E R F G H N J N K Q E R F G H N J M K Q
F V B N M I O L O S F V B N M I N E O N
E R F G H T J H K C E R F O H N J M K C
F V B N P H O Y Y F F V B N X I O L O F
F W Y Y J E S D F D F W Y H J Y S C F G
B N R H N L K W S X R N G H N M G W S X
C K G T H I K L M D C O G T H J K E M D
F V B N M U O L O P F V G N M I O L N P
E R F G H M J M K Q E R F E H N J M K Q
F V B N M I O L O S F V B N N I O L O S
E R F G H N J M K C E R F G H N J M K C
F V B N M I O L O F F V B N M I O L O F

Observation:
Write the 10 names of elements found in the puzzle above: Write your answer on
your answer sheet
1.___ 6.____
2.___ 7. ____
3.___ 8.____
4.___ 9.____
5.___ 10.___

Conclusion: In your own words and understanding answer the following guide
questions.

1. What have you learned about the activity?

2. How important are the elements in our life?

3
 What I Need To Know

After performing the activity the learner should be able to:

1. Trace the development of the Periodic Table and the arrangement of element
2. Identify contribution of different scientists in the development of PT

What’s New

Activity 2 How was the Periodic Table (PT) developed?

Objectives:
1. Familiarize the different contributions of scientists in developing the Periodic Table
of elements
2. Analyze the arrangement of elements based on the given data information
3. Describe how the scientists arranged the elements in the Periodic Table
4. Trace the development of the Periodic Table

Procedures:
1. Read and analyze the timeline contributions of different Scientists (Physicists and
Chemists) on how elements are being arrange in the periodic table according to their
study
2. Familiarize the following Scientists and their contributions of the development of
PT.

JULIUS LOTHAR MEYER

JOHN NEWLANDS
 John Newlands (c.1864) arranged
the existing elements by
He arrange the order of elements according to:
increasing atomic mass
1. Increasing atomic mass
 He noticed that properties
2. Group elements with similar properties and
reemerge after 8 elements. He 3. He left spaces in his table, thus believing that
called this Law of Octaves these spaces would be filled later with elements not
 The Law of Octaves states that yet discovered
the properties of the elements
seem to repeat in a periodic
fashion after every 8

4
 In 1789, Antoine Lavoisier, a French
Physicist-Chemist published a book that
contained the classification of elements
based on their similar properties. He
arranged the element into groups.
Dmitri Mendeleev’s 1879 Periodic Table. The Unfortunately, his work did not progress
spaces marked With blank lines represent until his death in 1794.
elements that Mendeleev deduced existed but
were unknown at the time, so he left places for
them in the table. The symbols at the top of the
column ( eg.R2O and RH2) are molecular
formulas written in the style of the 19th century.

Observation: Write your answer in your answer sheet.

1. All of the following chemist and scientist group the elements in the periodic table
according to its similar properties, EXCEPT?
a. Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev c. Johann Dobereiner
b. John Newlands d. Isaac Newton
2. What is the basis of John Newlands in arranging the elements aside from grouping
based on its similar properties of every eight elements?
a. Triad c. increasing atomic masses
b. atomic mass d. atomic number
3. Based on similar properties, which of the elements are grouped in triad according
to Johann Dobereiner?
b. Al, Ca, Na c. Ba, Sr, Ca
b. Ca , Ba, Na d. Al, Ba Na

5
4. Which of the following scientist / chemist arranged the elements in increasing
atomic mass number and group them based on its similar properties of elements,
EXCEPT?
a. Dmitri Mendeleev c. Johann Dobereiner
b. John Newlands d. Lothar Meyer
5. Why are there gaps or spaces left in the tables they made?
a. Space for some elements are not yet discovered
b. Space for the top most elements
c. Space for the best elements
d. Space provided for the most important elements
Conclusion:

1. How do Scientist and Chemist develop Periodic Table?

a. It started by arranging the elements according to similar properties and
increasing atomic masses, finally it was arranged according to the increasing
atomic number of elements.
b. It started with Johann Dobereiner in his triad arrangement of elements.
c. John Newlands of his proposed Law of Octaves with the similarities of properties
and increasing atomic masses
d. Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev determined a way to put elements in order
according to similarities in properties and increasing atomic masses, both of them
also left blank spaces on tables, believing that these spaces will be filled later with
elements yet to be discovered.

What Is It

You had explored Activity 1 and 2 the following science concepts:

1. Periodic Table, Naming elements and
2. Tracing the development of Periodic table of elements

6
The Periodic Table (refer to page 6), shows the arrangement of different elements
with their symbols. In Your grade 7 you are familiar of their names thus includes the
following
1. The chemical symbols are derived from the first letter of the name of the Element.
Name of element Symbol of element
Boron B
Fluorine F
Nitrogen N
Phosphorus P
Oxygen O

2. The first letter of the symbol is also the first letter of the name of the element.
Moreover, the second letter of the symbol is any letter on the name of the element.
Name of element Symbol of element
Neon Ne
Nickel Ni
Platinum Pt
Chromium Cr
Bromine Br

3. The name and symbols of the elements are derived from the name of scientist
Name of element Symbol of element Name of Scientist
Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein
Curium Cm Marie and & Pierre Curie
Rutherfordium Rf Ernest Rutherford
Mendelevium Md Dmitri Mendeleev
Nobellium Nb Alfred Nobel

4. The name and symbols of the elements are derived from the place they were
discovered.
Name of element Symbol of element Name of place
Califormium Cf California
Americium Am America
Polonium Po Poland
Francium Fr France
Scandium Sc Scandinavia

The importance of elements

Living things consist of primary important mass elements which
include Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur, - they are the
building blocks of compounds that constitute our organs and muscles. Our
body needs important chemical elements found in the food that we eat to
have a healthy life. Everything in us and around us is made of elements.

7
Scientist studied, discovered and searched for the basis in organizing the Periodic
Table. Different contributions of scientists lead them to the basis in arranging the
elements in the Periodic Table like:
1. Similar properties of elements
2. Increasing atomic mass
3. Increasing atomic number

What do the Scientists do?

1. Antoine Lavoisier – The first physicist-chemist classify elements according

to their similar properties and arranged into groups. Unfortunately his work
did not progress.
2. Johann Dobereiner, - another chemist arranged the elements with similar
properties like calcium, barium and strontium. He called Triad since every
three group of elements shows similar properties.
3. John Newlands - an English chemist classify elements according to similar
properties of every eight element and arranged the elements in order of
increasing atomic masses
4. Dmitri Mendeleev – another scientist arranged elements in order of
increasing atomic mass and group the elements with similar properties. He
left blank spaces for undiscovered elements.
5. Julius Lothar Meyer- scientist determined a way of arranging elements the
same with Dmitri Mendeleev, based on increasing atomic mass, group
according to similar properties and left space for elements not yet discovered.

Tracing the development of Periodic table using the timeline

8
 In the next activity, you will explore the modern Periodic Table and the basis
of arranging the elements in the Periodic Table.

What’s More

Activity 3 The Modern Periodic Table

Objectives:
1. Describe the Modern Periodic Law
2. Analyze the basis and order of arranging elements in the modern Periodic
Table
Procedures:
1. Read about the observation of Henry Mosely and relate it to the Modern
Periodic Law

Modern periodic law which states that “the properties of elements vary periodically
with atomic number.’’

In 1914, Henry Moseley, an English

physicist observed that the order of the X-
ray frequencies emitted by elements follows
the ordering of the elements by atomic
number. This observation led to the
development of the modern periodic law.
He concluded that it is better to
explain the trends in Mendeleev’s table if
the elements were arranged according to
increasing atomic number. The Periodic Law
was restated as ‘’ the properties of the
element are periodic functions of their
atomic numbers’’

Observation: Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. He observed that the order of the X-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows
the ordering of the elements by atomic number.
a. Johann Dobereiner c. Henry Moseley
b. Antoine Lavoisier d. Dmitri Mendeleev
2. What observation led to the development of the Modern Periodic Law
 a. The observation of the X-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows the
ordering of the elements by atomic number
b. The observation of the X-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows the
ordering of the elements by atomic masses

c. The observation of the X-ray amplitude emitted by elements follows the

ordering of the elements by atomic number
d. The observation of the X-ray amplitude frequencies emitted by elements
follows the ordering of the elements by atomic masses
3. What is the common characteristic of all atoms of elements?
a. Atomic number c. atomic mass
b. Number of electrons d. Number of protons
4. How does the Modern Periodic law described?
a. Properties of elements and increasing atomic number
b. Properties of elements and increasing atomic mass
c. Properties of elements and decreasing atomic number
d. Properties of elements and decreasing atomic mass
5. How important is the Periodic Law?
a. Order arrangement of elements
b. Proper groupings of elements
c. Identify physical and chemical properties of elements
d. Properties of elements vary periodically with atomic number

Conclusion:
1. What is Modern Periodic Law?
a. State that “the properties of elements vary periodically with atomic masses.”
b. State that “the properties of elements are the similar periodically with atomic
number.”
c. State that “the properties of elements are the same periodically with atomic
number.”
d. State that “the properties of elements vary periodically with atomic number.”

What I Have Learned

Activity 4 Columns and Rows in the Periodic Table

Objectives:
1. Describe the group and period arrangement of elements.
2. Differentiate the arrangement of elements vertically in Columns and
horizontally in rows.
Materials: Old calendar, Periodic Table of Elements
Procedure:
1. Get a copy of an old calendar of any month example May 2020.
2. Analyze the information given like days, dates and weeks.

Calendar May 2020

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30

10
Let us compare the format of the calendar and the Periodic Table.

Periodic Table of Elements

Period Group1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 Group 9 Group 10 Group 11 Group 12 Group 13 Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 Group 18

1 H He

2 Li Be B C N O F Ne

3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Observation Questions: Write the letter for your answer in your answer sheet
1. In the calendar, days like Sunday, Monday to Saturday, In what way it is similar to
the data or information of elements in the periodic table?
a. Group of elements b. Period the elements belong
2. The numbers in the calendar are the information about dates while in the periodic
table of elements, they are __________
a. Symbol of element b. Name of element c. both a and b
3. Period 1 to 7 in the Periodic Table are the information of ____ in the calendar
a. Days b. dates c. weeks
4. Vertical arrangement of element in the Periodic table of Elements are called
a. Period b. Group
5. Oxygen is located in the Periodic Table of Elements in ___?
a. Group 15, Period 1 c. Group16, Period 1
b. Group 15, Period 2 d. Group16, Period 2
Conclusion:
1. How does the Periodic table helped us in identifying elements?
a. It is a table that organizes elements in such a way that information about
the elements and their compounds are easily revealed
b. Elements are arranged in Vertical columns in Groups and in Horizontal
rows called Period according to the increasing atomic number
c. Arrangement of elements are according to their similarities and differences
of physical and chemical properties
d. all of the above

What I Can Do

Activity 5 Make Your Decision

Objectives: After performing the activity the students should be able to:
1. Describe the content of the Periodic Table
2. Cite the importance of tracing the development of the Periodic Table
 11
PART A : Concept Map
Procedure:
1. In the concept map below, fill each circle with a word or phrase that describes
a Periodic Table (PT). Use answer sheet for your answers.

Periodic Table
 12

Part B: Tracing the Events

Observation:
1. Trace the events by identifying from the previous to the recent contribution in
developing the PT.
2. Write the letter of the corresponding name of the scientist and their
contribution in your answer sheet.
1.__ 2.__
3.__
4.__
5.__
6. __

The present scientist

B who
develop
study and
the
periodic table

D
 E
1. The first and previous scientist
who study and make the
periodic table partially

13
Conclusion: How will you group and arrange things?Identify and arrange the items or
things in the first column to their proper location and give the purpose or basis of
groupings.
Do not copy the table data. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

Different Things or item Proper location Basis of groupings

to be arranged and
grouped together

A. Cabinet
Inside living room: 1.
2. 6. According to _______
Pants, , pink dress,Pink 3.
baby shoes , jogging 4.
pants Blue baby shoes, 5.
long sleeves ,
Blue teen shoes , Pink
teen shoes , Polo shirt, B. Shoerack
1. 5. According to _______
2.
3.
4.

Outside the house Trash box A

1.
Dry leaves, plastic 2. 4. According to _________
container, cellophane, 3.
cartoon, paper, candy
wrappers Trash box B
1.
2. 4.According to __________
3.
Conclusion:
1. Why is it important for you to arrange, gather and group similar things?

Congratulations! You made it. Thank you for doing a great job!

14

Lesson Predicting the Chemical

Behavior of an Element Using a
2
Periodic Table

What’s In

Activity 1 Where Do I Belong?

Objectives: At the end of the activity you should be able to:
1. Familiarize the arrangements of elements in the periodic table
2. Recognize the position of elements in the Periodic table
3. Describe the elements based on their properties
Procedure:
1. Refer to the Periodic Table below

Group 1 Alkali metal Group 15 Nitrogen group

Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metal Group 16 Oxygen

group

Group 13 Boron Group

 Group 14 Carbon group

Group 18 Noble gases

Group 17 Halogen group

Groups 1 , 2, 13 ,14,15,16,17 and 18 are representatives elements

Group 3 and 12 are one block called Transition Element

15
Observation Guide Questions
Directions: Refer to the given properties and arrangement of elements in the
Modern Periodic Table. Choose a letter that corresponds to your answer. Write
your answer in your answer sheet
1. What are the three major groups of elements?
a. Halogen, Noble gas, Metal c. Metal , Non- metal, Metalloid
b. Metal , Halogens, Alkaline Metal Earth d. Metal, Alkaline Metal,
2. How will you describe the elements that belonged to group 1?
a. Alkali Metal c. Alkaline Earth Metal
b. Halogens d. Noble gases
3. How does group 1 differ from group 2?
a. Group 1 are metal elements while Group 2 are Halogen elements
b. Group 1 are Halogens , while Group 2 and Alkali metal
c. Group 1 are Alkali metal, while Group 2 are Alkaline Earth metal
d. Group 1 are metal, while Group 2 are non- metal
4. Refer to page 15, the modern Periodic Table, Group 13 is called
a. Nitrogen b. Boron c. Carbon d. Oxygen
5. Hydrogen, Helium, Neon, Argon, krypton, Xenon, Radon are called
a. Noble gases b. Metalloids c. halogens d. non metal
Conclusion:
1. How are the elements grouped in the modern periodic table of elements?
a. Elements are arranged into groups and period
b. Elements are grouped based on their application
 c. Elements are arranged according to its reactivity
d. Elements are arranged into varied properties
2. What harmful change/s is/are brought about when a metal reacts or mixes with
acids?
a. Metal will become non- metallic in property
b. Metals will deteriorate, color change, and it will corrode
c. Metal will be useful in plant industry and
d. Metals will become the important in the application agriculture.
3. What are some ways of preventing corrosion of metals?
a. Use protective chemical to prevent the corrosion of metals
b. Use liquid cleaning materials with detergent to prevent corrosion of metals
c. Use protective coating like Corrosion resistant metal such as aluminum or
stainless steel
d. Apply heat to the surface of the metal materials

What I Need To Know

After performing the activity, the learner should be able to:

1. Use the Periodic Table to describe the different properties and chemical behavior
of an element.
2. Identify and compare the elements based on
a. Metallic Reactivity
b. Atomic Radius
c. Ionization Energy
d. Electron Affinity
e. Electronegativity

16

What’s New

Activity 2 The Most Reactive and The Biggest Element

Objectives: after performing this activity, you should be able to:

1. Describe the position of the most and the least reactive metals, the biggest and the
smallest elements in the Periodic Table
2. Identify and compare the most and least reactive metallic elements.
3. Relate the reactivity and the atomic radius or the size of an element based on their
location in the Periodic Table.

Part A Comparison of Reactivity of Metallic element based on their position in the

Periodic Table
2. Analyze the given information in the table data and Periodic Table below.
3. Describe and compare the reactivity of metal.

Reactivity increases from the left to the right of the Periodic Table
the bottom to the top of
Reactivity Increase from

the periodic table

Observation: Read the statement below and choose the letter for your answer. Write
your answer on your answer sheet.
1. Based on the data given Which of the following elements is most reactive?
a. Au b. Hg c. Al d. Na
2. Refer to the Periodic Table above, on the right side what happens to the reactivity
from top to bottom?
a. Decreased c. either increased or decreased
b. increased d. undetermine
3. Which of the following elements is least reactive?
a. Li b. K C. Rb d. Fr

17
4. In the sample part of Periodic Table how does reactivity of metal shown? Which of
the following is/are correct?
a. Least reactive metal are located at the top of the periodic table while the most
reactive are located at the bottom of the Periodic Table
b. More reactive at the right side of the Periodic Table while the least reactive at the
left side of the Periodic Table
c. a only
d. both a and b
5. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Francium -Fr is most reactive than Calcium- Ca
b. Aluminum –Al is most reactive than Magnesium- Mg
c. Mercury – Hg is least reactive than Thallium- Tl
d. Boron – B is most reactive than Galium –Ga

What Is It

Part B : Atomic radius or the size of element

Procedures:
1. Analyze the given Periodic Table showing the size of elements in their respective
position
2. Describe and compare the atomic radius or size of elements from left to right and
from top to bottom

Observation:
Directions: Read the statement below and choose the letter for your answer. Write
your answer in your answer sheet
__1. Refer to the Periodic Table above what is being described as shown in the
figure above?
a. Atomic radius or size of element c. Atomic number
b. Atomic mass of an element d. Atomic reactivity
__2. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
a. The size of element is decreasing from top to bottom of the Periodic Table
b. The smallest element is located above the periodic table
c. The biggest element is located at the bottom and belong to group 1 and 2
d. The biggest element belonged to group 18

18
3. What happen to the atomic size from left to right?
a.Atomic radius of element from left to right become smaller
b. Atomic size of element from left ro right become bigger
c. Elements in the leftside are smaller than elements in the right side of Periodic
Table
d. Elements from left to right stay the same
4.Which of the following has the largest atomic size?
a. Carbon c. Argon
b. Lithium d. Berrylium
5. Which group contains the elements with the smallest radius on the Periodic Table?
a. Noble gas c. Halogens
b. Alkaline earth metals d. Alkali metal
Conclusion
1. How does the atomic radius or size of elements arranged in order in the Periodic
Table of elements?
a. Bigger atomic radius or size is located at the bottom and left side of the
Periodic Table
b. Smaller atomic radius or size is located at the bottom and left side of the
Periodic Table
c. Bigger atomic radius islocated at the top of the Periodic Table
d. The data in the table shows that smaller atomic radius are located at the
bottom of the elements
2. How does atomic radius or size related to the reactivity of metals ?
 a. The most reactive metal has the smallest atomic radius
b. The most reactive metal is located at the bottom part of the Periodic Table
are also the location of the biggest atomic radius or size of element
c. The atomic radius or size of the element are not related to the reactivity of
the metallic elements
d. The Bigger the atomic size the least reactive elements

What’s more
Activity 3 Relationship between Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity and
Electronegativity
Objectives: After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. Describe the trend of Ionization energy, Electron affinity and Electronegativity of
element in the periodic table.
2. Identify and compare the location or position of elements with high or low
Ionization energy, Electron affinity and Electronegativity of an element in the PT
(Periodic Table)

Procedures:
1. Refer to the Periodic Table on the next page (p.20) that shows the trend of
elements Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity and Electronegativity.
2. Observe and analyze the position of different elements.

19
Table 1. Showing trend of Ionization energy, Electron affinity and Electronegativity of elements
Observation: Write your answer in your answer sheet
1. It is the change in energy of a neutral atom when an electron is added to the atom
to form negative ion, thus neutral atom gain electron. What property of element is
being described
a. Electron Affinity c. Electronegativity
b. Ionization Energy d. Atomic radius
2. It is the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
a. Electronegativity c. Ionization Energy
b. Electron Affinity d. Atomic radius
3. What happens to the ionization energy from right to left?
a. Increases b. decreases c. stay the same d. it vary
4. Which of the following elements has the greatest Electron affinity?
a. Ra b. Ba c. Sr d. Ca
5. Which of the elements has the least electronegativity?
a. Fr b. Cs c. Rb d. K
Conclusion:
1. How does Ionization energy connected to Electronegativity?
a. The trend of Ionization Energy and Electronegativity are located in the same
position in the Periodic Table
b. The trend of elements in the Periodic Table varied in their properties
c. The trend of elements in the Periodic Table shows that they are not related to
each other
d. The trend of ionization energy and electronegativity varied in the position of
the Periodic Table

20
2. What is the connection between Ionization energy, Electronegativity and Electron
affinity (EA) of elements?
a. The Ionization Energy, Electronegativity, and Electron Affinity of elements are
directly proportional to each other as IE increases, EA and Electronegativity
also increases
b. From left to right only ionization energy increase but electronegativity and
electron affinity decreases
c. Only Electron affinity increases from left to right of the Periodic Table while
the other property decreases
d. Electronegativity is not affected with the other two property of elements in the
Periodic Table

What I have learned

Activity 4 Electronic Configuration Related to Metallic Reactivity
Objectives: At the end of the activity you should be able to:
1. Describe how metallic reactivity is related to the electronic configuration
2. Write electronic configuration
Procedure:
1. Read and analyze the given information to understand more about electronic
configuration.
Part A Describing Metallic Property related to Electronic Configuration
Figure 1. The picture shows an electron shell of an element.

Inner valence shell - has lowest energy level

- Energy level nearest to the nucleus
- Energy level that electrons occupy first
- Energy level that can accommodate a maximum of 2
electrons
-
 Nucleus of an element

Outermost valence shell – has the highest energy level

- The last valence shell depends on the sample of
element ,atomic number

Electrons

From the above sample it gives us information about

1. Name of element 4. Position of element (group/Period) in the Periodic Table
2. Atomic number 5. Valence Shell- group number
3. Number of electrons 6. Number of shell- period number

21

Observation Questions: Read the statement and answer by choosing the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer in your answer sheet.
___1. Based from the figure 1 on page 21), how many electrons are present?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 6 d. 9
__2. Refer to the Periodic Table, what group the sample element belonged to?
a. Group 5A or 15 c. Group 6A or 16
b. Group 7 A or 16 d. Group 9 A or 18
__3. The sample element belonged to what period?
a. Period 1 b. Period 2 c. Period 3 d. Period 4
__4. The atomic number of the sample above is the same as the number of?
a. Group b. Period c. Atomic orbital d. electrons
__ 5. Refer to the periodic table, what is the name of the sample element?
a. Carbon b. Boron c. Flourine d. Neon

What I Can Do

Activity 5 Complete Me
Symbol and name of element
 s orbital

Electrons

p orbital

d orbital

f orbital

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Part A Electronic Configuration – Supply the missing

Direction: Complete the table below with the needed information. The first one is
done for you..
No. of
Element Atomic Electron shell No. of valence Group Period
no shells electrons number number

2 1 1 2
Li 3

B 5

O 8

Na 11

Part B Electronic Configuration –Complete Me

1s2
___1. Refer to the figure above, what does number 1 indicate?
a. It is the valence shell or the group an element belongs in the PT
b. It is the number of electrons in the valence shell
c. It is the atomic number of an element
d. It is the number of a period of an element belong in the periodic table
__ 2. The superscript is the number written on the upper portion of the s orbital in the
figure above is referring to ______.
a. number of electron c. number of a group in the PT
b. number of quantum d. number of valence shell
__ 3. Which of the following subshells can accommodate only two electrons?
a. d b. s c. f d. p
For number 4 and 5 refer to the illustration below: Arrange the boxes according to the
correct sequence of writing an electron Configuration

1s2 3p6 2p6 4s2 3s2 3d5 2s2

___ 4. 1s2 3s2 4s2

___5. How many electrons are there in the sample?

a. 10 b.15 c. 20 d. 25

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Summary:
The Periodic Table was developed by the different contributions of studies
and discoveries of scientists, chemists and physicists. They started organizing the
arrangement of elements based on elements similar properties and increasing
atomic masses and finally the Modern Periodic Table arranged the elements
according to increasing atomic number.
1. John Newlands
2. Julius Lothar Meyer
3. Dmitri Mendeleev
4. Johann Dobereiner
5. Henry Moseley
The Modern Periodic Table organizes elements in such a way that the
information of elements and their compounds are easily revealed. Periodic Table is
the easiest way to identify and understand the trend of different properties and
predict the behavior of an element.
The chemical behavior of elements is based on their properties as metals,
metalloids, non-metals, reaction occurs when mixed or combined with other elements
like:
Series of Reactivity- Metal reacts with water, air and acid at different condition like
temperature
Ionization Energy (IE) – an element needs energy to remove electron from ion. The
trend of IE in the PT shows that Ionization Energy increases from left to right and
from bottom to the top. High energy is located at the right and top position of the
periodic table.
Electronegativity - atom of an element attract another a bonding pair of electrons. It
has the same trend with Ionization Energy in the Periodic Table.
Electron affinity – a neutral element that change in energy (in kJ/mole) when
an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion when they gain electron. The
trend of Electron Affinity of an element in the Periodic Table is also the same with IE
and Electronegativity
Atomic Radius – the size of an atom of an element varies at different location or
position in the periodic table
Electronic Configuration – the distribution of electrons in different energy levels or
electron shells.

Assessment: Post-test
Direction: Read the following statements and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer. Write your answer on your answer sheet
1. The order of elements in the modern Periodic Table is based on elements
a. atomic number c. chemical symbol
b. name of element d. Atomic mass
2. All of the following are elements belong to metalloids EXCEPT
a. Boron b. Silicon c. Germanium d. Mercury
3. The element are group into blocks or series in the Periodic Table. Group 3 to
group 12 are referred to
a. Transition element c. Actinide element
b. Inner Transition element d. Lanthanide element
4. Which of the following element is most reactive?
a. Potassium b. Sodium c. Lithium d. Calcium

24
For numbers 5- 8 please refer to the figure below on the trends of property of
elements in the Periodic Table

___5. Based on the Periodic Table of element above, how will you describe the
atomic radius of element, which of the following is/are correct?
a. The elements on top of the Periodic Table position are smaller than at the bottom
b. The elements at the right side of the Periodic Table are bigger than on the left side
c. The elements located at the top, right side of the PT are smaller than the elements
at the bottom left side of PT.
d. The Elements located at the bottom, right side of the PT has the same atomic size
at the top and left side of the Periodic Table.
6. What happen to the Ionization Energy of elements from right to left and from the
bottom to the top of the Periodic Table?
a. Ionization energy Increases
b. Ionization energy decreases
c. Ionization energy decreases and sometime it will increase
d. Ionization energy is undetermined
7. What happen to the electron affinity from left to right position of element in the
Periodic Table?
a. Increasing c. either increases or decreases
b. decreasing d. undetermined
___8. There are many rearrangements of element in the Periodic Table thus it was
revised later when Henry Moseley an English Physicist observed that…
a. The order of the x-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows the order of the
elements by atomic number
b. The order of the x-ray wavelength emitted by elements follows the order of the
elements by atomic number
c. The order of the x-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows the order of the
elements by atomic mass
d. The order of the x-ray frequencies emitted by elements follows the order of the
elements by atomic size
___ 9. There is an existing definite order of reactivity existing among metals and
hydrogen according to their ability to displace one another. It is called…..
a. Activity Series of Metal c. Activity Series of Metalloid
b. Reactivity Series of Metal d. Reactivity Series of Metalloid

25

___ 10. The elements from the taller columns group1, 2, and 13 to 18 are called
a. Representative or Main c. Actinide or Series
b. Inner Transition or Metal d. Lanthanide or Metalloid
__ 11. Based on similar properties, which of the elements are group in triad
according to Johann Dobereiner?
c. Al, Ca, Na c. Ba, Sr, Ca
b. Ca , Ba, Na d. Al, Ba Na
___12. How does Henry Moseley describe the Modern Periodic Law?
a. It states that ‘’the properties of elements vary periodically with atomic
mass’’
b. It states that ‘’the properties of elements are similar periodically with atomic
number’’
c. It states that ‘’the properties of elements vary periodically with atomic
number’’
d. It states that ‘’the properties of elements vary periodically with atomic
mass’’
___13. The development of the Periodic Table could be traced from a chemist who
formed triads of elements with similar properties in 1817 by ____
c. Lothar Meyer c. John Newlands
d. Dmitri Mendeleev d. Johann Dobereiner
___14. An English Chemist proposed the law in grouping the elements based on
increasing atomic masses and noted that for every eight element exhibits similar
properties as compared to the first. What is this law? 
c. Law of Triad c. Law of Octave
 d. Law of Periodic d. Law of Element
___15. How does atomic number of element arrange in the Periodic Table?
c. Decreases from top to bottom c. increases from left to right
d. Increases from top to bottom d. decrease from top to bottom

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REFERENCES AND LINKS

http://www.science.co.il/PTelements.asp. Web. January 29,2015.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/periodic table

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ionization energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electron affinity

Adapted from Science - Grade 8 Learner’s Materials. First Edition. 2013. Department
of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd-IMCS). Pasay
City. page. 203.

http://www.personal.psu.edu/staff/m/b/mbt102/bisci4online/chemistry/chemistry1.htm.
Web. January 29,2015.

http://www.zerobio/central/chemicalstory_teacher.htm

https://geraghty.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/5/6/13564507/chemistry-

periodic_table_activity.pdf
 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/modern-periodic-table-periods-

and-groups/

https://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/periodic-pasta-table

https://chem.libretexts.org

www.chem.tamu.edu

https://senecalearning.com

Science Grade 8- Learners Module pages 211-214

Science Grade 8- Teachers Module pages

31

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