Tribhuvan University

KHWOPA COLLEGE OF ENGINNERING

An undertaking of Bhaktapur Municipality
Libali,Bhaktapur
Nepal

A
Lab report on :
Transportation Engineering
Experiment no.-3
Title:DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

Abishkar Sharma Department of Civil Engineering
071BCE50 (C) Khwopa college of Engineering

Date of Submission: 2073/03/09

 DETERMINATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE
OBJECTIVES:
i) To determine the impact value of the road aggregates
ii) to assess their suitability in road construction on the basis of impact value.

APPRATUS REQUIRED:
The apparatus of the aggregate impact value test as per IS:2386(Part IV)-1963 consists of
i) A testing machine weighing 45 to 60 kg and having a metal base with a plane lower surface of
not less than 30 cm in diameter. It is supported machine plane 45 thickness. The should also
have provisions for fixing its base.

(ii) A cylindrical steel cup of internal diameter 102 mm, depth 50 mm and minimum thickness
6.3 mm.
(iii) A metal hammer or tup weighing 13.5 to 14.0 kg the lower end is cylindrical in shape, is
50mm long, 100.0mm in diameter, with a2mm chamfer at the lower edge and case hardened.
The hammer should slide freely between vertical guides and be concentric with the cup. The
free fall of the hammer should be within 380+-5 mm.
iv) A cylindrical metal measure having internal diameter of 75 mm and depth 50 mm for
measuring aggregates.
v) Tamping rod 10 mm in diameter and 230mm long, rounded at one end.
vi) A balance of capacity not less than 500 g, readable and accurate up to 0.1 g
THEORY:
The of a material to resist impact is known as toughness. Due to movement of vehicles on the
road the aggregates are subjected to impact resulting in their breaking down into smaller
pieces. The aggregate therefore should have sufficient toughness to resist their disintegration
due to impact value test.The aggregate impact value is the measure if resistance to sudden
impacts or shocks, which may differ from its resistance to gradually applied compressive load.
This test is done to determine the aggregate impact value of coarse aggregates as per IS: 2386
(Part IV) – 1963. The apparatus used for determining aggregate impact value of coarse
aggregates is Impact testing machine conforming to IS: 2386 (Part IV)- 1963,IS Sieves of sizes –
12.5mm, 10mm and 2.36mm, A cylindrical metal measure of 75mm dia. and 50mm depth, A
tamping rod of 10mm circular cross section and 230mm length, rounded at one end and Oven.

PROCEDURE:
The test sample consisted of aggregates sized 10.0 mm lo 12 s mm. The aggregates was dried
by heating at 100-110 deg C for a period of 4 hours and cooled.
i) The material through 12.5 mm and 10.0 mm IS sieves was sieved. The aggregates passing
through 12.5 mm sieve and retained on 10.0 mm sieve was comprised as the test material.
(ii) The aggregates was poured to fill about just 1/3rd depth of measuring cylinder.
(iii) The material was compacted by giving 25 gentle blows with the rounded end of the tamping
rod.
(iv) Two more layers were added in similar manner, so that cylinder is full.
(v) The surplus aggregates was strike off.
(vi) The net weight of the aggregates was determined to the nearest gram.
(vii) The impact machine was brought to rest without wedging or level plate, block or floor, so
that it is rigid the hammer columns are vertical.
(viii) The cup was firmly fixed in position on the base of machine and whole of the test sample
was placed in it and compacted by giving 25 gentle strokes with tamping rod.
(ix) The hammer was raised until its lower face is 380 mm above the surface of the aggregate
sample in the cup and allowed it to fall freely on the aggregate sample. 15 such blows were
given at an interval of not less than one second between successive falls.
(x) The crushed aggregate was removed from the cup and seive it through 2.36 mm IS seive
until no significant amount passes in one minute. The fraction passing the seive to an accuracy
of 1 gm (W2) was weighted. Also weighed the fraction retained in the sieve.
(xi) The observations in the proforma was noted down and computed the aggregate impact
value. The mean of the two observations rounded to nearest whole number is reported as the
‘aggregate impact value’.

OBSERVATION:
1. Weight of sample & mould =2.342kg
Wt of mould =1.746kg
Weight of sample(w1) = 2.342-1.746 = 0.596kg
Weight of portion passing 2.36 mm seive (w2) = 0.128 kg
Therefore, aggregate impact value = (w2/w1)*100% =0.128/0.596*100
aggregate impact value=21.47%
2. Weight of sample & mould =2.348kg
Wt of mould =1.746kg
Weight of sample(w1) = 2.348-1.746 = 0.602kg
Weight of portion passing 2.36 mm seive (w2) = 0.134 kg
Therefore, aggregate impact value = (w2/w1)*100% =0.134/0.602*100
aggregate impact value=22.26%
3. Weight of sample & mould =2.324kg
Wt of mould =1.746kg
Weight of sample(w1) = 2.324-1.746 = 0.578kg
Weight of portion passing 2.36 mm seive (w2) = 0.136kg
Therefore, aggregate impact value = (w2/w1)*100% =0.136/0.578*100
aggregate impact value=23.53%

Aggregate impact mean value=(21.47+22.26+23.53)/3 =22.42%

RESULT: From above experiments the aggregate impact mean value of the the given sample
was found to be 22.42% .
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
Experiment was performed in the lab at normal temperature and pressure condition. So there
may be some error due to environmental condition too which was cloudy day. Besides there
may be human errors on observation of weights,there may be some instrumental error which
makes slight deviation from actual value and thus those errors were minimize by doing the
experiments more than one time and mean was taken as our result for the analysis.
And from above experiment , it is found that the given aggregate sample is satisfactory for road
surfacing because the value lies in 20-30% range.

PRECAUTIONS:
(i) Place the plunger centrally so it falls directly on the aggregate sample does that is not touch
the walls of the cylinder in order to ensure that the entire load transmitted on the aggregates
(ii) In the operation of sieving the aggregates through 2.36 mm sieve the sum weights of
fractions retained and passing the sieve should not differ from the original weight of the
specimen more than 1 gm.
(iii)The tamping is to be done properly by gently dropping the tamping rod and not by
hammering action, Also the tamping should be uniform over the surface the aggregate taking
care that the tamping rod does not frequently strike against the walls of the mould.
` Tribhuvan University

KHWOPA COLLEGE OF ENGINNERING

Libali,Bhaktapur

A
Lab report on :
Transportation Engineering
Title: DETERMINATION OF LOS ANGELES ABRASION
VALUE

Submitted by: Submitted to

Abishkar Sharma Department of Civil Engineering
071BCE50 Khwopa college of Engineering
Libali,Bhaktapur
Date of submission:2074/02/19
DETERMINATION OF LOS ANGELES ABRASION VALUE

OBJECTIVES:
(i)to determine the Los Angeles abrasion value
(ii) to find out the suitability of aggregates for its use in road construction.

APPRATUS:
The apparatus as per IS 2386 (Part IV) 1963 consists of:
(i) Los Angeles Machine: it consists of a hollow steel cylinder, closed a both the ends with an
internal diameter of 700 mm and length 500 (see able Fig 3.1) and capable of rotating about its
horizontal axis. A removable cover for introducing sample is provided which when clamped is
dust tight. A removable steel shaft projecting radially 88 mm into cylinder and extending full
length (i.e 500 mm) is mounted firmly on the interior of cylinder. The shelf is placed at a
distance 1250 mm minimum from the opening in the direction of rotation.
(ii) Abrasive charge: Cast iron or steel balls, appoximately 48 mm in diameter and each
weighing between 390 to 445 g;six to twelve balls are rerquired.
(iii) Steve: The 1.70 mm IS Sieve.

(iv) Balance of capacity 5 kg or 10 kg

(v) Drying oven (vi) Miscellaneous like tray etc.
THEORY
The aggregate used in surface course of the highway pavements are subjected to wearing
due to movement of traffic. When vehicles move on the road, the soil particles present
between the pneumatic tyres and roads surface abrasion of road aggregates. The steel reamed
wheels and animal driven vehicles also cause considerable abrasion of the road surface.
Therefore, the road aggregates should be hard enough to resist the abrasion. Resistance to
abrasion of aggregate is determined in laboratory by Los-Angeles test machine.
The principle of Los Angeles abrasion test is to produce the abrasive action by use of
standard steel balls which when mixed with the aggregates and rotated in a drum for specific
number of revolutions also cause impact on aggregates. The percentage wear of the aggregates
due to rubbing with steel balls is determined and is known as Los Angeles Abrasion Value.
PROCEDURE
1. Test sample: It is consisted of clean aggregates dried in oven at 105deg-110deg C and were
coarser than 1.70 mm sieve size. The sample should conform to any of the grading shown in
Table

Table 1: Grading of Test Samples

Tolerance of ± 12 percent permitted.

Sieve
Weight of
size
test sample 聽
(squar
in gm
e hole)

Passing Retained on
A B C D E F G
(mm) (mm)

80 63 2500*

63 50 2500*

50 40 5000* 5000*

125
40 25 5000* 5000*
0

125
25 20 5000*
0

125
20 12.5 2500
0

125
12.5 10 2500
0

10 6.3 2500

6.3 4.75 2500

4.75 2.36 5000

聽

Grading No of Steel balls Weight of charge in gm

A 12 5000 ± 25

B 11 4584 ± 25

C 8 3330 ± 20

D 6 2500 ± 15

E 12 5000 ± 25

F 12 5000 ± 25

G 12 5000 ± 25

2. 5 kg of sample for grading A was taken.

4. Numbers of abrasion charge was put.
3. The cover was opened and feed the aggregates and steel balls in the cylinder. The cover was
replaced tightly.
5. Machine was rotated at a uniform speed of 30 to 33revolulions per minute.
6. Machine was allowed to run for 500 revolutions for grading A B,C or D and 1000 revolutions
for grading E,F or G.
7. Machine was stopped after desired number of revolution.
8. The dust cover was removed and taken out material.
9. Steel balls were removed and sieved the material on 1.70 mm IS sieve.
10. Material coarser than 1.70 mm size was washed.
11.The material was dried in oven to a constant weight and weigh to an accuracy of lg
12. The percentage of loss of material was calculated.
13. Another sample was also taken and repeated the experiment ,mean of two values was
calculated and reported it as Los Angeles Abrasion value.

OBSERVATION:
original weight of the sample (w1)=5kg
Weigh of aggregates retained on 1.70 mm is sieve (w2)=2.796kg
Loss of weight =w1-w2 =2.204kg
Los angeles abrasion value = (w1-w2)/w1 *100%
=2.204/5*100 =44.08%
Los angeles abrasion value =44.08%

RESULT:
From above experiment the los angeles value of given sample aggregate was found to be
44.08%

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:

Even though we tried to minimize the posssible errors their may be some errors in observation.
As counting should be done in this experiment there may be miscount , instrument may not
give uniform effect to the aggregates which are the possible reasons of errors
According to the los angeles value the given sample can be used in following type of pavements
WBM surfacing course, Bituminous penetration macadam, Bituminous surface dressing, cement
concrete surface course,Bituminous concrete surface course

PRECAUTIONS
1. The cover should be fixed tightly before rotating the machine.
2. All material should be discharged from the cylinder after the conduct of test