AN ASSAIGNMENT ON FINANCIAL RATIO

ANALYSIS OF M.I. CEMENT FACTORY LIMITED

Prepared for Prepared by

Group DOEL
Khairuzzaman Mamun
ID No :20113137
Contact no : 01761808592
Email : kpmmamun@gmail.com
Md. Yeadul Islam Shaikh
ID No :20113118
Mohammed Sawkat Hossain.
Contact no : 01727980638
Lecturer, Faculty of Business Email : yeadul_ju@yahoo.com
Studies, Shameema yesmin sume
Jahangirnagar University, ID No :20113117
Savar,Dhaka. Contact no : 01918615964
Email : sumiju34@gmail.com
Md.Razaul islam
ID No :20113220
Contact no : 01670683420
Email : engr.minar@yahoo.com

Submission Date: December 09,2011

Faculty of Business Studies, J.U.

December 09, 2011

Mohammed Sawkat Hossain.

Lecturer, Faculty of Business Studies,

Jahangirnagar University,

Savar,Dhaka.

Subject: Submission of the assignment of the course Financial Accounting.

Dear Md. Sawkat

Here is the assignment that you asked ask us to conduct on March 31, 2012 on a
Financial Ratio Analysis of M.I. Cement Factory Limited.

In this assignment we have included all the required data you have asked us to
represent. Finally, we have attached the financial statements in the appendix.

We will be pleased if you have any further query for this you can call us at your
convenient time and place.

Sincerely yours,

Group DOEL
 Acknowledgement
From the core of our heart we would like to convey our earnest admiration, loyalty
and reverence to the almighty Allah, the most merciful, for keeping everything in
order and enabling us to complete this assignment successfully.

First let us express our thanks to our research supervisor, Professor Dr. Laek
Sazzad Andallah. He gives us our first introduction to the world of Financial
Ratio analysis. It would be impossible for us to finish this research without his
direction and encouragement. It has been a pleasure to have worked with him. His
support, supervision and assistance will always be greatly appreciated.

We also express our profound gratitude to all other teachers for their kind help and
valuable suggestion. We also thank Jahangirnagar University and genially thank
the office staff for their collaboration. We also wish to thank our friends,
classmates and especially to Abul Monsur Shipu, student of Mathematics, J.U. and
Khairun Naysa Ponny, student of MBBS, Gono University for their help and
encouragement.

We are greatful to the Faculty of Business Studies, Jahangirnagar University, for

allowing us to work on Financial Ratio analysis of M.I. Cement Factory
Limited.

Finally, we stretch out our heartiest love to our beloved mother, father, sister and
brother during the progress of the assignment for their direct and indirect co-
operation without which this study would not be possible.

Sincerely yours

Group DOEL
 Executive summary
Financial analysis is the selection, evaluation, and interpretation of financial data,
along with other pertinent information, to assist in investment and financial
decision-making.

In our study we will try to measure the risk and profitability of M.I. Cement
Factory Limited by the financial ratio analysis.

M.I. cement factory was introduced on 11 December, 1994 under the Companies
Act 1994 as a public Limited company. The plant, equipped with world famous
O’Sepa Separator, initially went into operation with the daily production capacity
of 600 metric tons in the year 2000 and marketed its product with the brand name
Crown cement. From the very beginning, it has maintained an uncompromising
policy of producing high quality cement. As a result, it has gained huge popularity
in the market. Due to increase of demand, the company has set up its second unit
with the production capacity of 800 metric tons per day in 2002 and third unit with
capacity of 1400 tons per day in 2007.

Gradually with the increase of demand the management undertook further

expansion program for 4th unit of the plant raising the total production capacity to
5800 metric tons per day. The 4th unit expansion would be completed within 2011.

In our study we have shown the statement of financial position, statement of

comprehensive income, liquidity ratio, solvency ratio, profitability ratio and their
analysis.
 Sequence of Contents
FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS

Introduction
Financial Ratio Classification
Problem Statement
Statement of Financial Position of
M.I. Cement Factory Limited
Statement of Comprehensive Income of
M.I. Cement Factory Limited
Ratios & Analysis
Liquidity
Profitability
Solvency
Conclusion
Appendix
 Introduction
Financial statement analysis (or financial analysis) the process of understanding the risk and
profitability of a firm (business, sub-business or project) through analysis of reported financial
information, particularly annual and quarterly reports.

Financial statement analysis consists of 1) reformulating reported financial statements, 2) analysis and
adjustments of measurement errors, and 3) financial ratio analysis on the basis of reformulated and
adjusted financial statements. The two first steps are often dropped in practice, meaning that financial
ratios are just calculated on the basis of the reported numbers, perhaps with some adjustments. Financial
statement analysis is the foundation for evaluating and pricing credit risk and for doing fundamental
company valuation.

Financial ratio analysis should be based on regrouped and adjusted financial statements. Two types of
ratio analysis are performed: 1) Analysis of risk and 2) Analysis of profitability

Analysis of risk typically aims at detecting the underlying credit risk of the firm. Risk analysis consists
of liquidity and solvency analysis. Liquidity analysis aims at analyzing whether the firm has enough
liquidity to meet its obligations when they should be paid. A usual technique to analyze illiquidity risk is
to focus on ratios such as the current ratio and interest coverage. Cash flow analysis is also useful.
Solvency analysis aims at analyzing whether the firm is financed so that it is able to recover from a losses
or a period of losses. A usual technique to analyze insolvency risk is to focus on ratios such as the equity
in percentage of total capital and other ratios of capital structure. Based on the risk analysis the analyzed
firm could be rated, i.e. given a grade on the riskiness, a process called synthetic rating.

Ratios of risk such as the current ratio, the interest coverage and the equity percentage have no theoretical
benchmarks. It is therefore common to compare them with the industry average over time. If a firm has a
higher equity ratio than the industry, this is considered less risky than if it is above the average. Similarly,
if the equity ratio increases over time, it is a good sign in relation to insolvency risk.

Analysis of profitability refers to the analysis of return on capital, for example return on equity, ROE,
defined as earnings divided by average equity. Return on equity, ROE, could be decomposed: ROE =
RNOA + (RNOA - NFIR) * NFD/E, where RNOA is return on net operating assets, NFIR is the net
financial interest rate, NFD is net financial debt and E is equity. In this way, the sources of ROE could be
clarified.

Ratio analysis expresses the relationship among selected items of financial statement data. A ratio
expresses the mathematical relationship between one quantity and another. A single ratio by itself is not
very meaningful, in the upcoming illustrations we will use:

Intracompany
Industry average
Intercompany
Financial Ratio Classifications

Liquidity Solvency Profitability

Ratio Ratio Ratio

Problem Statement:
Here the statement of financial position and the statement of comprehensive income of
M.I. Cement Factory Limited are given below. Now we have to find the financial ratios
and analyze the ratios. In our study we try to answer two flowing questions.

How much M.I. Cement Factory Limited is in worst conditions?

How much M.I. Cement Factory Limited is profitable?
 M.I. CEMENT FACTORY LIMITED

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

AS AT 30 JUNE 2011

ASSETS NOTE 30.06.2011 30.06.2010 30.06.2009 30.06.2008

TAKA TAKA TAKA TAKA
Non-current Assets 2232034926 1147167252 814870265
Property, Plant and Equipments 4 1118455992 1069098640 814682054
Capital work in progress 5 1113578932 78068612 188211
Investment in Associate 6 376367941 192128891 89421413
Companies
Current Assets 4752218577 943139748 617067443
Inventories 7 587645695 352650104 187204468 196200000
Trade Receivables 8 343047480 316068872 251502609
Other Receivables 9 303651 4812864 3021163
Total Receivables 343351131 320881736 254523772 327900000
Advance, deposit & 10 273873313 48673917 51520966
prepayments
Advance Income Tax 11 323817217 160755959 96295768
Cash and bank balance 12 2867368280 60178033 27522469
Total Assets 7004458502 2282435892 1521359121 1,607400000
Equity and Liabilities
Shareholder’s Equity 5028493703 1335997883 740319869 552600000
Share capital 13 1000000000 700000000 200000000
Share Premium 2956560000 112794312
Retained earnings 803370870 364500643 427525557
Revaluation Reserve 268562833 271497240
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities 568853411 64659320 103745980
Long term borrowing net off 14 513434222 15805067 70782117
current maturity
Deferred tax liability 15 55419189 48854253 32963863
Current liabilities and provision 1407111388 881778689 677293272
Trade payables 16 110537447 359115797 93882602
Other payables 17 107980584 31037931 22500083
Current portion of long term 18 26076000 12016000 89787675
loan
Short term loan 19 607876193 162452469 338140786
Provision for tax liabilities 20 554641164 316356492 132982127
Total liabilities 1975964799 946438009 781039252
Total equity and liabilities 7004458502 2282435892 1521359121
 M.I. CEMENT FACTORY LIMITED

Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the year ended 30 June 2011

Note 2010-2011 2009-2010 2008-2009

Taka Taka Taka
Net sales 21 4022271063 3127352627 2290358000
Cost of goods sold 22 3254014308 2425806260 1893229773
Gross profit 768256755 701546367 397128228
Other Operating Income 23 62781523 44173662 57804867
Administrative expenses 24 68181658 47717350 14742902
Selling And distribution expenses 25 152220573 127072672 39345115
Operating profit 610636047 570930007 400845078
Other non-operating Income 26 196619465 8925801 2663258
Financial expenses 27 92430813 48483129 103137448
Profit before WPPF & Income tax 714824699 531372679 300370888
Worker’s Profit Participation Fund 34039271 - -
Net profit before income tax 680785428 531372679 300370888
Income tax expenses 28
Current tax 238284672 183374365 89337114
Deferred tax 6564936 15890390 23301969
Net profit after tax for the year 435935820 332107924 187731805
Earning per share 29 5.36 4.99 3.00
RATIOS & ANALYSIS:
The most significant item in the cash flow under investing and financing items
were purchase of fixed assets and short term loan received, respectively. This
reflects M.I. cement factory Limited was focusing on expanding their business by
increasing their output.

Evaluations:

Liquidity:
Ratio Formula 2011 2010 2009
Current ratio CA/CL 3.38 1.07 0.91
Acid test or quick ratio (CA-inventory)/CL 2.96 0.67 0.63
Receivable turnover Sales/Average receivable 12.11 10.87 7.86
Inventory turnover COGS/AVG Inventory 6.92 8.99 9.88

Analysis: The current ratio of M.I. cement factory Limited has shown steady
growth over the three-year period, from 0.91 (in 2009) to 3.38 (in 2011). This
indicates that M.I. cement factory Limited now has more current assets to cover its
current liabilities. It can also be inferred that working capital of M.I. cement
factory Limited finally became positive in 2010, possibly allowing the company to
use the amount in various long-term asset financing schemes. Again we see that
the quick ratio of M.I. cement factory Limited has also shown steady growth over
the three-year period, from 0.63 (in 2009) to 2.96 (in 2011). This indicates that
now the company’s immediate short-term liquidity is at good position.

M.I. cement factory Limited has a receivables turnover of 10.28 over the 2009 –
2011 periods, with 2011 being the highest. This means the company is able, on
average, to quickly and efficiently collect its outstanding receivables 10.28 times a
year, which shows good liquidity position.

The inventory turnover of M.I. cement factory Limited is gradually increased 6.92
to 9.88 which show that the liquidity of the company’s inventory is at good
position.

Liquidity and activity wise, M.I. cement factory Limited is currently in a stable.
Profitability:
Ratio Formula 2011 2010 2009
Profit margin Income/sales 0.11 0.11 0.08
Asset turnover Sales/AVG Asset 0.87 1.64 1.46
Return on asset Income/AVG Asset 0.09 0.17 0.12
Return on Common (Income-Dividend)/AVG Common 0.14 0.32 0.29
Stockholders’ equity stockholders’ equity
EPS Net Income/Number 5.36 4.99 3.00
of share

Analysis: Like previous economic indicators, profit margin of M.I. cement factory
Limited has shown steady growth over the years, peaking at 0.11 in 2011 and
2010. Profit margin was slightly lower in 2009 at 0.08. This indicates that the net
income by each taka of sales is at better position.

Asset turnover has steadily increased from 1.46 in 2009 to 1.64 in 2010. However
in 2011 it has shown slightly lower figure that is 0.87, but it not bad. Thus, M.I.
cement factory Limited is now more efficiently using its assets to generate sales,
breaking even in 2010 and maintaining the one–to–one sales/asset activity rate.

Return on assets is an overall of profitability. Here return on assets has increased

from 0.12 in 2009 to 0.17 in 2010, but in 2011 it shows the figure 0.09. Now M.I.
cement factory Limited is at good position by the overall profitability. But we have
to increase our income to increase overall profitability.

The company’s return on equity shows a similar trend, with ROE being highest
from 2009 to 2011 at average of 25%. It should be noted that historically, the rate
of return on total assets has been significantly lower than M.I. cement factory’s
rate of return on common share holders’ equity. When return on asset exceeds
return on equity, a company is said to be trading in the equity. Trading on the
equity refers to the practice of borrowing funds at fixed interest rates or issuing
preferred stock with constant dividend rates; preferably rates that are lower than
the rate of return obtained on assets. If this can be done, the money obtained from
bond holders (or preferred share holders) earns enough to pay the interest (or
preferred dividends) and to leave some margin for the common share holders,
earning them extra revenue. Since M.I. cement factory’s ROE has always been
higher than its ROA, it is unable to take advantage of trading in the equity. This
also explains why M.I. cement factory has not issued preferred shares, as it would
prove unprofitable.

Earnings per share has also increased over 2009-2011.An earnings was highest in
2011 at 5.36.

Overall, M.I. cement factory’s profitability position has strengthened over time.
All indicators show positive growth, indicating that the company is pursuing the
right strategy in term so fusing its assets to create revenue.

Solvency:
Ratio Formula 2011 2010 2009
Debt to total assets ratio Total debt/Total asset 0.28 0.41 0.51

Analysis: From 2009 to 2011, M.I. cement factory has gotten better at financing its
total asset needs with fewer liabilities, as debt to asset ratio has slowly dropped
over the 3 year period.

Overall, except the cash debt coverage M.I. cement factory seems to be doing a
good job of covering its financial obligations with its assets and revenue sources.

Conclusion: Since M.I. Cement Factory Limited is currently in a stable in liquidity

and activity wise, profitable, and able to cover its financial obligations with its
assets and revenue sources, therefore we can say that M.I. Cement Factory limited
now is at good position.

Appendix:

financial_state2011
Statement_of_Financial_Position_as_at_30_June_2010
Update company information