EARTH & LIFE SCIENCE WEEK 5 HANDOUTS d.

Solution - The process in which some of the minerals

Exogenic Processes get dissolved in water. They are therefore removed in
solution. Rock salt are removed through this process.
Day 1, July 15, 2019 – Monday
3. BIOTIC WEATHERING
a. Plants - The roots of the plants grow longer and
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
thicker. In this manner they exert pressure on rocks
1. Define weathering and distinguish its different types;
2. Identify the factors that affect the rate of weathering; and the rock joins are thereby enlarged and broken
3. Realize the importance and contributions of it in into smaller fragments.
transforming the planet and its surface.
b. Burrowing of Animals - The roots of the plants grow
longer and thicker. In this manner they exert
EXOGENIC PROCESSES Are processes that take place at or near the pressure on rocks and the rock joins are thereby
earth’s surface that makes the surface wear away. enlarged and broken into smaller fragments. Hooves
of animals break the soil and thus assist soil erosion.
These are very destructive. They are responsible for degradation and
sculpting of the earth’s surface. c. Human Activity - Man breaks a large amount of rocks
in the course of his activities like agriculture,
TYPES OF EXOGENIC PROCESSES construction and mining.
1. Weathering
2. Mass Wasting
3. Soil Erosion

ROCK JOINTS – the cracks/breakage in rocks

WEATHERING A process that cause rocks to disintegrate

physically and decompose chemically because of exposure to
elements of weather such as temperature, rainfall, frost, fog
and ice. In addition, the weathered material lies at its original
position. There is no transportation or movement other than
gravity.
Day 2, July 17, 2019 – Wednesday
1. PHYSICAL WEATHERING Happens whenever rocks are broken into
smaller fragments without any chemical change in their composition. At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
1. Identify the controls and triggers of mass wasting
This is also called as mechanical weathering.
2. Distinguish between different mass wasting processes
a. Block disintegration - A successive heating and 3. Identify the different agents of erosion
cooling which causes the expansion and contraction 4. Describe characteristic surface features and landforms created
of rocks. In hot desert regions, day temperatures are and the processes that contributed to their formation
very high while nights are very cold. Because of
these two extremes, the rocks disintegrate into
MASS WASTING - Mass Wasting refers to the downslope movement of
smaller blocks.
rock and soil under the influence of gravity.This is a result of Earth’s
b. Exfoliation - This results because of the intense surface not being flat but instead consisting of slopes.
heating of the rock’s outer layers. Since rocks are
Mass Wasting is a natural process and is considered a natural hazard.
poor conductors of heat, the inner layer remain
This process becomes natural disaster when it leads to loss of life &
unaffected by heat. Due to successive expansion and
property.
contraction, the outer layers if the rock subsequently
peel off.

c. Frost action - Happens in cold climates.The alternate

freezing and melting of water inside the joins of the
rocks, split them into fragments.

2. CHEMICAL WEATHERING Gives way to formation of new

compounds or formation of new substances.
a. Oxidation - The process in which
atmospheric oxygen reacts with the rock to
produce oxides. The greatest impacts of this
process is observed on ferrous (iron)
minerals.

b. Carbonation - The process by which

various types of carbonates are formed. Some of
the carbonates are soluble in water. For example,
when rainwater containing carbon dioxide passes
through previous limestone rocks, the rock joints
enlarge due to the action of carbonic acid.
Controlled and triggered by moisture (water) and speed (rate). The
c. Hydration - The process by which water is absorbed saturation of water destroys the cohesion of rock particles causing them
by the minerals of the rocks. Due to the absorption of to loose.
water by the rock, its volume increases and the
grains lose their shape.
TRIGGERS OF MASS WASTING
 Prepared by:

Mr. ADRYAN J. VALIAO

Earth & Life Science Teacher

TYPES OF MASS WASTING

Based on the type of motion, mass wasting could be generally classified as

the following:
1. Fall – the free-fall movement of detached individual pieces of rocks.
a. ROCK FALL - The abrupt movement and free-fall of
loosened blocks of solid rock.

2. Slides – occur whenever rock materials remain fairly coherent and

move along a well-defined surface.
a. LANDSLIDE - The movement of rock, debris of earth
down a slope.

b. SLUMP - Results in the sliding of coherent rock

materials along a curved surface/

3. Flow – when rock materials are saturated with water to move

downslope as a viscous fluid.
a. MUD FLOW (LAHAR) - Involves very rapid to extremely
rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or
fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of
water to the source material.

b. EARTH FLOW - Usually starts as slump.is a downslope

flow of viscous fine-grained materials that have been
saturated by water with the influence of gravity.

c. SOLIFLUCTION - Slow downhill flow of soil.

d. CREEP - Slow and gradual movement of soil

downhill over time.

SOIL EROSION - Is the removal and transport of soil at a greater rate that its
replacement by natural agencies (water, wind, etc.)

WEATHERING VS. EROSION

EROSION BY WATER Changes the shape of coastlines. Waves constantly

crush against shores. They pound rocks into pebbles and reduce them to sand.

EROSION BY WIND Carries dust, sand and volcanic ash from one place to
another. Wind can sometimes blow sand into towering domes.

EROSION BY ICE Can erode the land in frigid areas and on some
mountaintops. As the ice moves or melts, it picks up everything in their path
from tiny grains of sand to boulders.

EROSION BY GRAVITY Gravity pulls any loose bits down the side of a hill or
mountain. Gravity erosion is also known as Mass Movement.