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Crown ethers
Many reagents useful for organic synthesis are soluble in water because of
their ionic nature, but are insoluble in organic solvents for the same reason.
However, most organic syntheses are performed in organic solvents, and it
would therefore give chemists more flexibility to be able to use ionic
reagents in these media.
13-crown-4
15-crown-5
18-crown-6
27-crown-9
dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6
Modified crown ethers with some of the oxygen atoms replaced by nitrogen
atoms are called cryptands.
The incorporation of benzene rings into crown ethers has led to the synthesis
of more complex ring systems such as bis(p-phenylene)-34-crown-10:
Miscellany