Chapter-I

CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION TO METAL COMPLEXES

1.1. INTRODUCTION

A coordination complex or metal complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is

usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array

of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many

metal-containing compounds, especially those of transition metals, are coordination

complexes. Coordination complexes are so pervasive that the structure and reactions are

described in many ways, sometimes confusingly. The atom within a ligand that is bonded to

the central atom or ion is called the donor atom. In a typical complex, metal ion is bound to

several donor atoms, which can be the same or different. Polydentate (multiple bonded)

ligands consist of several donor atoms, several of which are bound to the central atom or ion.

These complexes are called chelate complexes, the formation of such complexes is called

chelation, complexation, and coordination.

The central atom or ion, together with all ligands comprises the coordination

sphere. The central atoms or ion and the donor atoms comprise the first coordination sphere.

Coordination refers to the "coordinate covalent bonds" (dipolar bonds) between the ligands

and the central atom. Originally, a complex implied a reversible association of

molecules, atoms, or ions through such weak chemical bonds. As applied to coordination

chemistry, this meaning has evolved. Some metal complexes are formed virtually irreversibly

and many are bound together by bonds that are quite strong.

Metal complexes may constitute one such possible class exhibiting biological

activities1-3. Schiff bases and their structural analogues, as ligating compounds containing

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acyclic and cyclic imines, are of great importance in modern coordination chemistry 4 as they

easily form stable complexes with most transition metal ions5,6. The five membered rings

containing two or three nitrogen atoms (azoles) are more important, since the imidazole group

of histidine acts as a ligand in most of the known hemoproteins. Imidazole derivatives and

1,2,4-triazoles7 are considered to be of potential interest to coordination chemists because they

can be used to link studies on the metal binding properties of nitrogenous bases with

information on the proton affinities in the gas phase8, in aqueous solutions and aprotic

solvents9 and on their H-bonding capacities10.

1.2. SCOPE OF THE PRESENT WORK

During the present work, an attempt has been made to synthesize new metal

compounds derived from lansoprazole with different metals. The new compounds were

characterized by different spectral studies.

1.3. REFERENCES

1. Chohan ZH, Supran CT. In-vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of cobalt

(II), copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II) complexes of the antibiotic drug cephalothin

(Keflin), J Enz Inhib Med Chem, 20, 2005.463–468.

2. Singh K, Kumar Y, Pundir RK. Synthesis and characterization of biologically active

organosilicon(IV) complexes with Schiff bases derived from o-aminothiophenol,

Synth. React. Inorg Met Org Chem, 40, 2010, 836–842.

3. Altundas A, Nursen S, Colak N, Ogutchi H. Synthesis and biological activity of new

cycloalkylthiophene Schiff bases and their Cr(III) and Zn(II) complexes, Med Chem

Res, 19, 2010, 576–588.

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4. Garnovskii AD, Vasilchenko IS, Garnovskii DA, Kharisov BI. Molecular design of

mononuclear complexes of acyclic Schiff-base ligands, J Coord Chem, 62, 2009, 151–

204.
5. Heshmatpour F, Ghassemzadeh M, Bahemmat S, Rothenberger A. Synthesis,

characterization and molecular structure of a new tetrameric palladium(II) complex

containing Schiff-Bases derived from AMTTO, Z Anorg Allg Chem, 633, 2007, 1178–

1182.
6. Nuria A, Cabeza I, Rosario A, Alvarez VY, Akdi K, Carretero M. Synthesis, structure

and biological activity of a new and efficient Cd(II)–uracil derivative complex system

for cleavage of DNA, J Biol Inorg Chem, 10, 2005, 924–934.

7. Hitchcock CA. Cytochrome P-450-dependent 14alpha-steroldemethylase of Candida

albicans and its interaction with azole antifungals, Biochem Soc Trans, 19, 1991, 782–

787.
8. Taft RW, Anvia F, Taagepera M, Catalan J, Elguero J. Electrostatic proximity effects

in the relative basicities and acidities of pyrazole, imidazole, pyradazine, and

pyrimidine, J Am Chem Soc, 108, 1986, 3237–3243.

9. Catalan J, Elguero J. Basicity of azoles part 2 theoretical study of the basicity of

methylpyrazoles and methylimidazoles, J Chem Soc Perkin Tran, 2, 1983, 1869–1874.

10. Ibraham MH, Duce PP, Prior DV, Barratt DG, Morris JJ, Taylor PJ. Hydrogen bonding

part 9 solute proton donor and proton acceptor scales for use in drug design, J Chem

Soc Perkin Tran, 2, 1989, 1355–1376.