Output Number 2

Summary of the Seven Educational Philosophies

ESSENTIALISM

 Why teach:
- This philosphy contends that teachers teach for learners to scquire basic knowledge,
skills and values.
 What to teach:
- The emphasis is on the academic content for students to learn the basic skills, and
fundamental r's - reading, 'rithmetic, 'riting and right conduct.
- The teachers and administrators decide what is most important for the students to
learn.
 How to teach:
- Essentialist teachers emphasize the mastery of the subject matter.
- They are expected to be intellectual and moral models of their students.
- They are seen as " fountain of knowledge " and as " paragon of virtue ".

PROGRESSIVISM

 Why teach:
- Progressivist teachers teach to develop learners into becoming enlightened and
intelligent citizens of a democratic society.
  What to teach:
- The progressivists are identified with need-based and relevant curriculum.
- The curriculum should respond to students' personal lives and experiences.
 How to teach:
- Progressivist teachers employ experemential methods.

PERENNIALISM

 Why teach:
- To develop the students' rational and moral powers.
 What to teach:
- The perennialist curriculum is a universal one on that all human beings possess the
same essential nature.
- It is not a specialist curriculum but rather a general one.
 How to teach:
- The perennialist classrooms are " centered around teachers ".
- The teachers do not allow the students' interest and experiences to substantially
dictate what they teach.

EXISTENTIALISM

 Why teach:
- To help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individuals who
accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings, and actions.
- To help students to define their own essence by exposing them to various paths they
take in life.
 What to teach:
- In an existentialist currivulum, students are given a wide variety way of options from
which to choose.
- Provide students vicarious experiences that will help unleash their own creativity and
self-expression.
 How to teach:
- Existentialist methods focus on the individual.
 - They help students know themselves and their place in society.

BEHAVIORISM

 Why teach:
- Behaviorist schools are concerned with the modification and shaping of students'
behavior by providing for a favorable environment.
 What to teach:
- Behaviorist teachers teach students to respond favorably to various stimuli in the
environment.
 How to teach:
- Behaviorist teachers ought to arrange environmental conditions so that students can
make the responses to stimuli.
- Teachers ought to make the stimuli clear and interesting to capture and hold the
learners' attention.
- They ought to provide appropriate incentives to reinforce positive responses and
weaken eliminate the negative ones.

LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY

 Why teach:
- To develop the communication skills of the learners.
- To develop in the learner the skill to send messages clearly and receive messages
correctly.
 What to teach:
- Learner should be taught to communicate clearly - how to send clear, concise
messages and how to receive and correctly understand messages sent.
- Communication takes place in three (3) ways - verbal, non-verbal and paraverbal.
 How to teach:
- Experential is the most effective way to teach language and communication.
- The teacher facilitates dialogue among learners and between his/her students.
CONSTRUCTIVISM

 Why teach:
- To develop intrinsically motivated and independent learners adequately equipped with
learning skills for them to construct knowledge and make meaning of them.
 What to teach:
- The students are taught how to learn.
- They are taught learning processess and skills such as searching, critiquing and
evaluating information.
 How to teach:
- The teachers provide students with data or experiences that allow them to
hypothesize, predict, manipulate objects, pose questions, research, investigate,
imagine and invent.

Judaya, Leslie B. EDUC 11 ( MWF/2:00-3:00 )

BSED IV-FILIPINO. Mrs. Adelina P. Semblante