GURU SHREE SHANTI VIJAY JAIN

VIDYALAYA

NAME - M.Drishat
CLASS - XII-A2

BUSINESS STUDIES PROJECT 2020-2021

 TOPIC :-
THE STATE OF ANTI-PLASTIC
CAMPAIGN ; THE LAWS , ITS
EFFECT AND IMPLEMENTATION
 INDEX

 ABOUT ANTI-PLASTIC CAMPAIGN

 EFFECTS OF PLASTIC TO
ENVIRONMENT
 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
 MERITS OF ANTI-PLASTIC
CAMPAIGN
 DEMERITS OF ANTI-PLASTIC
CAMPAIGN
 REASON BEHIND PLASTIC BAN
 COMPANIES SUPPORTING THIS
CAMPAIGN
 FINAL CONCLUSION
ANTI-PLASTIC CAMPAIGN

The campaign which is organized to create

awareness among the public about the
adverse effect of plastic usage and to make
think them about stopping of its usage is
called an anti-plastic campaign.
In this, people used to go for the rally with
posters and orations which deals with harmful
effects of plastic. They also used to distribute
pamphlet, broachers etc.  
Its main law is to create a ban on plastic
usage and to protect the environment from the
harmful effect caused by the plastics. Due to
the effort of Anti-plastic campaign people are
now aware of the negative effect caused by
plastic usage.
The government has imposed central level
order for banning of usage of polythene carry
bag and all the plastic items which are made
for one-time use. People have started to
use paper straws, cloth carry bag, neem tree
bark pieces, etc., for their domestic uses."
 EFFECTS OF PLASTIC TO
ENVIRONMENT – PLASTIC POLLUTION

Plastic pollution is the accumulation

of plastic objects and particles (e.g. plastic
bottles, bags and microbeads) in the
Earth's environment that adversely
affects wildlife, wildlife habitat,
and humans. Plastics that act
as pollutants are categorized into micro-,
meso-, or macro debris, based on
size. Plastics are inexpensive and durable,
and as a result levels of plastic production by
humans are high. However, the chemical
structure of most plastics renders them
resistant to many natural processes
of degradation and as a result they are slow to
degrade. Together, these two factors have led
to a high prominence of plastic pollution in the
environment.
Plastic pollution can afflict land, waterways
and oceans. It is estimated that 1.1 to 8.8
million tonnes of plastic waste enters the
ocean from coastal communities each year.
Living organisms, particularly marine animals,
can be harmed either by mechanical effects,
such as entanglement in plastic objects,
problems related to ingestion of plastic waste,
or through exposure to chemicals within
plastics that interfere with their physiology.
Effects on humans include disruption of
various hormonal mechanisms.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Definition of Business Environment is sum or
collection of all internal and external factors
such as employees, customers needs and
expectations, supply and demand, management,
clients, suppliers, owners, activities by
government, innovation in technology, social
trends, market trends, economic changes, etc.
These factors affect the function of the
company and how a company works directly or
indirectly. Sum of these factors influences the
companies or business organisations
environment and situation.

1. Totality of external forces: Business

environment is the sum total of all the
forces/factors external to a business firm.
2. Specific and general forces: Business
environment includes both specific and general
forces. Specific forces include investors,
competitors, customers etc. who influence
business firm directly while general forces include
social, political, economic, legal and technological
conditions which affect a business firm indirectly.
3. Inter-relatedness: All the forces/factors of a
business environment are closely interrelated. For
example, increased awareness of health care has
raised the demand for organic food and roasted
snacks.
4. Dynamic: Business environment is dynamic in
nature which keeps on changing with the change
in technology, consumer’s fashion and tastes etc.
5. Uncertainty: Business environment is uncertain
as it is difficult to predict the future environmental
changes and their impact with full accuracy.
6. Complexity: Business environment is complex
which is easy to understand in parts separately but
it is difficult to understand in totality.
7. Relativity: Business environment is a relative
concept whose impact differs from country to
country, region to region and firm to firm. For
example, a shift of preference from soft drinks to
juices will be welcomed as an opportunity by juice
making companies while a threat to soft drink
manufacturers.
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

 Plastic bags help sustain 30,900

Indian jobs
 Plastic bag taxes and bans create
challenges for both consumers and
business owners
o A study by the National Center for
Policy Analysis shows that plastic
bag bans have a negative effect
on retail sales in areas where
bans are in place, as they
encourage shoppers to take their
business to areas neighboring the
ban regions
o Seattle’s plastic bag ban is
causing store owners to spend 40
to 200 percent more on
alternative carryout bags, directly
affecting their bottom lines
o A tax on plastic bags at grocery
and retail stores hurts those
people who are poor and already
food insecure
 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Marine plastic pollution has a wide range

of social and economic impacts.
Environmental damage to marine
ecosystems has been estimated at $13
billion per year. Related economic costs
include those linked to clean-up
operations, litter removal, the repair and
replacement of damaged vessels and
gear, reduced fishing catches, and a
decline in coastal tourism and impact on
related industries.
Social costs include a potential reduction
in the recreational and aesthetic values of
the marine environment. Plastic pollution
moreover poses a threat to human health
either through direct impact (for instance
sharp splinters of broken plastic in the
sand) or through harmful toxic
substances. These toxins have the
potential to bioaccumulate throughout the
food chain and negatively impact on
human health when consumed with
seafood.
 TECHNOLOGICAL
ENVIRONMENT

 Each year, around 13 million tonnes of

plastic end up in the oceans. That’s the
equivalent of a full garbage truck
emptying into the ocean every minute.
 In the last decade, the world produced
more plastic than in the whole last century.
 And 50 percent of the plastic we use
is single-use or considered ‘disposable

 1. Internet and social media

 Firstly, you are reading this because of the
power of the internet to connect people to
causes they care about and to raise
awareness on critical issues.
 This year the UNEP
campaign, #BeatPlasticPollution, aims to
get people to pledge to give up single use
 plastics. Using social media awareness,
they are raising funds and challenging
teams to hold events across the globe.

 2. Satellite observation of ocean plastics
 The Ocean Cleanup is a non-profit
organization that is developing advanced
technologies to rid the world’s oceans of
plastic litter.
 They are using satellite imaging and
machine learning to help clean up and
capture the 5 trillion pieces of plastic trash
they have observed in the world’s “ocean
garbage patches.” They estimate that
within 5 years they could collect 50% of
the ocean’s garbage.

3. Artificial Intelligence to understand natural

systems
According to a recent report from the World
Economic Forum and PwC, Harnessing
Artificial Intelligence for the Earth, the
maturation of key technologies including big
data and machine learning is opening up new
possibilities for Earth conservation.
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT

Over the last few years, plastics have very

rapidly become one of the most pressing
environmental concerns, moving from
decades of anonymity in the public
consciousness to a sudden and powerful
revolt against what used to be a mundane
material. Politicians, businesses, and
environmental organizations have quickly
picked up on this wave of public outrage
and are reacting with a dizzying variety of
initiatives to tackle the plastic problem. In
this WIREs review, the authors take up
the task of organizing and systematizing
these responses to provide researchers,
policymakers, and interested citizens with
an overview of the politics of the plastics
crisis.
After the review of politics along the life
cycle and around contested objects, the
authors stress that the most ambitious
current policy initiatives do not restrict
themselves to individual stages of the life
cycle or categories of objects—instead,
ambitions are moving toward collecting
several flows and objects into more
coherent and systemically oriented
strategies
  LEGAL ENVIRONMENT

Plastic Waste (Management and Handling)

Rules, 2011 - specifies that the minimum
thickness of plastic bags should be of 40
microns as opposed to the previous 20
microns specified by the Plastics
Manufacture, Sale and Usage Rules, 1999.

 4 microns = the thinnest paper wate bin liner we have ever

seen (hardly stronger than a tea bag!)
 6 microns = thin bin liner used in hotels
 25 microns = Very light-weight, economy black bin liner
typically sold in discount stores.
 30 microns = Standard bin liner.
 40 microns = General purpose, quality black bin liner for
domestic kitchen waste.
 50 microns = Heavy duty black bin liner - suitable for
commercial kitchen waste.
 75 microns = Heavy duty garden waste bag.
 125 microns = Tough rubble sack - suitable for up to 40kg
load.
COMPANIES SUPPORTING
THIS CAMPAIGN

 ASDA
 McDonald’s
 Costa Coffee
 Evian
 Tottenham
Hotspur’s
 ASDA
It’s an estimated 8 million tonnes of plastic
waste being dumped in the world’s
oceans each year, and we are all
responsible.
There must be something else also
causing the seeming avalanche of
announcements from all sections of
society to combat this level of waste.
Many commentators have attributed the
pace of action to the Blue Planet II nature
series, released last year, which
documented to such large audiences the
damaging impacts of single-use plastics.
As the mood has changed, small
companies to large corporates
(and governments), have acted quickly to
ensure they remain on the right side of
public opinion.
We have spent time wading through the
press releases, policy documents and
sustainability targets to see who is being
the most bold. In doing so, we have come
up with a top 5 list of companies which are
really testing themselves, and could have
the most impact.
Even before ASDA’s planned merger with
Sainsbury’s was announced, the UK food
retailer had made bold commitments on
plastic pollution.
Earlier this year, it set out plans to
immediately reduce plastic use by 10
percent in 2018, which will require the
replacement of 2.4 million drinking straws.
All of its stores will also remove single-use
cups and cutlery by 2019.
In the long-term, it set out ambitions to
make all its branded packaging recyclable
by the mid-2020s. As the company
currently serves 18 million people a week,
the potential for changing consumer
behaviour is high
 McDonald’s
With over 36,000 restaurants in 122
locations, it’s clear when McDonald’s
commits to doing something “across the
globe”, it means it.
The fast food chain hasn’t received a
good press for its business practices over
the years, and recent environmental
commitments are perhaps designed to
counteract this negative image.
“As the world’s largest restaurant
company, we have a responsibility to use
our scale for good to make changes that
will have a meaningful impact across the
globe,” Francesca DeBiase said recently,
McDonald’s Chief Sustainability Officer.
She was commenting on the company’s
landmark decision to ensure 100 percent
of its packaging comes from renewable,
recycled or certified sustainable
sources within the next eight years.
The move has been backed by leading
environmental organisations and
McDonald’s has pledged to work with
local governments to help achieve the
goal.
If successful, it would mean a huge
amount of plastic diverted from the world’s
oceans, and an unprecedented number of
people engaged along the way.
Costa Coffee 
It may surprise some that Costa Coffee is,
in fact, one of the world’s largest coffee
companies.
Operating over 3,000 stores around the
world, it gets through a lot of disposable
cups, but the company has decided to
take its sustainable responsibilities
seriously.
New commitments have been made
including discounts on reusable cups and
the planned removal of all plastic straws
from cafes.
However, it is the decision to pay waste
collectors £70 for every tonne of used
cups which is a real game changer.
By 2020, the company is targeting an
astonishing half a billion recycled cups,
the equivalent of its current annual sales
in the UK.
The factories involved are bracing
themselves for a seven-fold increase in
work.
 Evian
Evian is going carbon neutral and plastic
free.
Last year saw the introduction of a new
zero-carbon bottling plant, the first step
towards major change across the whole
business.
As a world-famous brand of bottled water
it stands on the frontline in the battle to
reduce plastic waste.
By 2025, the French company has made
the pledge to only produce bottles which
are 100 percent recycled.
To do so, it is working to create a truly
“circular model” across the business, with
the help of the Ellen MaCarthur
Foundation.
A partnership with Veolia will also rapidly
scale-up recycling rates and ensure
discarded bottles don’t end up in the
ocean.
Tottenham Hotspur
Sport has a unique ability to reach millions
of people around the world. And football
as one of the few truly global sports is
able to engage people from all
backgrounds on social and environmental
issues.
That’s why Tottenham Hotspur’s move to
eliminate plastics from its new stadium
could elevate the plastic-free campaign to
a new level.
The North London football club is currently
constructing an estimated £850 million
ground to support its growing fan base
and recent success.
Once the new 62,000 seated venue opens
at the end of 2018, it will ban all single-
use plastics across the whole club,
including VIP areas. Fans will be sold
disposable cutlery, straws and stirrers
from day one.
What’s more, the club will replace plastic
bags with biodegradable ones and all
contracts with suppliers will contain a
requirement to reduce plastic usage. New
members will receive a Bag for Life
when the next season starts.
 MERITS OF ANTI-
PLASTIC CAMPAIGN
 Plastic bags bans enhance the
economy: Bans on plastic bags cause an
uptick in business for reusable bag
manufacturers and lead to increased
employment opportunities.
 Eliminating plastic bags reduces cost
of goods: Stores have to factor in the cost of
disposable bags into their prices. By
eliminating plastic bags, stores can lower
prices, helping shoppers save $18 to $30
annually.
 Plastic bags are not biodegradable:
When plastics bags become litter, they pollute
oceans, rivers, farmlands, cities, and
neighborhoods. Bans eliminate bags, which
equals less litter and less pollution.
 Picking up litter costs tax money:
Banning plastic bags will reduce litter and
allow for tax money to be redirected to more
important areas.
 Marine life will improve: Marine animals
often mistake plastic bags as jellyfish or
plankton, leading them to consume the litter
and become ill or die.
 Drainage infrastructures run more
efficiently: Plastic litter often clogs drainage
systems, causing unnecessary flooding.
 Plastic bag bans reduce the need to
petroleum: Banning plastic bags will minimize
the dependency on the limited non-renewable
resource.
 Decrease the mosquito population:
Discarded plastic bags collect rainwater and
creates a breeding ground for mosquitos,
some of which could carry the West Nile Virus
or Triple E Virus.
 DEMERITS OF ANTI-PLASTICS
CAMPAIGN

1. Plastic Bag Production Is More

Environmentally Friendly
Reusable alternatives are a major focus of the
plastic ban debate. But how eco-friendly are
fabric shopping bags in comparison to plastic
bags?
A 2018 study by the Ministry of Environment
and Food of Denmark showed that the
manufacturing and disposal of plastic bags
had a lower environmental impact than six
alternate bags offered as replacement at most
supermarkets. It stated that each alternate
material would have to be reused a certain
number of times to negate the pollution of its
production and to equal that of a plastic bag
that has only been used one time.

2. Plastic Bags Reduce Food Safety Risks

While fabric bags are great for transporting
dry foods, they can be quick to absorb
messes, leading to undesirable odors and
potential for bacteria growth. In fact, a joint
study at the University of Arizona and Loma
Linda University in California discovered the
presence of coliform bacteria in 51% of the 84
reusable grocery bags tested, with E. coli
present in 8%.
To avoid these inconveniences and reduce
the risk of contamination, many shoppers
request separate plastic bags for certain items
at the checkout.
Sara Slavikova from Greentumble explains
that “plastic bags and wrapping overall have
become widely accepted. It is approved as a
standard (hygienic) packaging material.”
REASON BEHIND
PLASTIC BAN
1. Cause of environmental pollution
2. Made from fossil fuels
3. Problematic degradation
4. Killing wildlife
5. Harmful to human health
6. Not easy to recycle
7. High costs for cleanup
8. Come with external costs
9. Better alternatives are available
Petroleum-based plastic bags are
composed of very resistant synthetic
polymers that may take up to 1,000 years
or never until they completely degrade in
natural environments [6]
What does occur in most instances is that
when out in the environment, the plastic
breaks up into tiny microscopic pieces
that get deposited in soils (where we
grow food) or contaminate waterways.
These pieces can be so small that they
are invisible to our eye.
You can be sure of one thing, though.
Even when you don’t see it, these
indestructible particles are everywhere
around us, including in the food chain
We hear everywhere around us that we
need to save energy. It is good for our
environment, health and global climate.
But only a few of us realize that each time
we accept those disposable plastic
grocery bags at store checkout, we
actively participate in wasting energy and
depleting non-renewable resources.  
The majority of plastic bags are made of
polyethylene, a substance that is derived
from crude oil refining and natural gas
processing. 
Oil and natural gas are non-renewable
fossil fuel-based resources  and through
their extraction and production, they emit
greenhouse gases, which contribute to
global climate change.
Plastic bags are everywhere. Look
around and you will notice that plastic
bags are the most common litter. Tangled
in trees and fences along roads, floating
in water, lying on the ground in parks and
forests, surrounding garbage bins,
washed off on beaches…
Because they are so lightweight, plastic
bags get easily picked up by wind and
travel long distances by wind and water
to pollute the nature. 
Plastic bag litter has even caused great
problems in some areas. For example,
millions of discarded plastic bags clog
water drainage channels and sewers in
urban areas of Bangladesh. When the
monsoon rains start, streets get
waterlogged just after the first few
minutes because the water cannot pass
through clogged sewerage pipes.
For many of us it is hard to imagine that
something as small as a plastic bag can
actually cause flooding, but residents of
some cities in Bangladesh have been
struggling with this problem every
monsoon season for the past two
decades 
Even human footprints left in the sand
represent mountain-like obstacles in their
path and waves washing up on the beach
are another challenge, as they thrust
them back on the dry land to try once
again before finally being picked up by a
return current and start swimming for
their life.
Since their birth, baby turtles have only
one goal – to get to the sea and swim into
deep waters where they will feed and if
successful grow into adult turtles. On
their long journey, they will encounter
many difficulties and only a small portion
of them will survive.
Sadly, one of their newly acquired
enemies is created by us who should
protect them instead. Plastic bags.
WE SHOULD CARRY OUR OWN BAGS : )
 CONCLUTION

Burning of plastic in the open air, leads

to environmental pollution due to the
release of poisonous chemicals. The
polluted air when inhaled by humans
and animals affect their health and can
cause respiratory problems. plastics
are not bio- degradble . animals,
thinking that plastic is food, eat it and
choke to death.
PLASTIC IS HARMFUL TO THE
ENVIRONMENT. WE SHOULD TRY
OUR BEST TO REDUCE OUR
USAGE OF PLASTIC TO MAKE THE
EARTH A BETTER PLACE.......
Plastic bags affect many people, not
only the consumers but plastic bags
also affects the environment and
animals. This is how we are affected
by the use of plastic bags. ... The
environmental effects of plastic bags
are important because they not only
affect the environment ,but also affects
humans.