STUDY OF USE AND ADVERSE

EFFECT OF PLASTIC ON
ENVIRONMENT

A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL

FULFILLMENT OF THE REEQUIREMENT FOR THE
GRADE 11 SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY
BY: PAWAN ACHARYA GRADE: 11
SECTION: LALIGURANS ROLL NO: 41
 CONTENTS:
01
DECLARATION 02
INTRODUCTION
03
MATERIALS AND 04
METHODS RESULTS/ FINDINGS

05 06
CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

07
08
REFERENCES
ANNEX
 01.DECLARATION
I, Pawan Acharya hereby declare that
the project work entitled “STUDY OF
USE AND ADVERSE EFFECT OF PLASTIC
ON ENVIRONMNET” under the
supervision of Madhusudhan Acharya
sir of Shree Jana Model Secondary
School is done originally by me and
not been submitted elsewhere for the
award of any degree. All sources of
information have been specifically
acknowledged.
Student Name Pawan Acharya
Grade 11
Roll no 41
Section Laligurans
Email pawanacharya832@gmail
.com
Date 2022 5th of April, Sat
 02. INTRODUCTION
1. BACKGROUND
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
3. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
4. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

1. BACKGROUND
Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-
synthetic materials that use polymers as a main
ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for
plastics to be molded, extruded or pressed into
solid objects of various shapes. This
adaptability, plus a wide range of other
properties, such as being lightweight, durable,
flexible, and inexpensive to produce, has led to
its widespread use. Plastic is used across almost
every sector, including producing packaging, in
building and construction, in textiles, consumer
products, transportation, electrical and
electronics and industrial machinery. Plastic
bags are commonly used, even though we
know they can damage the environment. For
urban solid waste, plastic bags have become
major items in the litter system. This has
resulted in many detrimental environmental
effects including pollution, blockage of
channels, rivers and streams, and landscape
disfigurement.

1. LITERATURE REVIEW
Plastic is one such material which poses a big
threat to the environment. A huge amount of
plastic is produced and dumped into the
environment which does not readily degrade
naturally. Plastic waste is silent threat to the
environment and their disposal is a serious
issue for waste managers. Now a day society
does not have any alternative to plastic
products like plastic bags, plastic bottles, and
plastic sheets etc. In spite of all efforts made to
limit its use but unfortunately its utility is
increasing day by day. To circumvent this issue
many efforts were made in the past to reuse
the plastic waste but no significant results were
achieved.

3. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
 Identifying the main challenges and barriers
for reducing plastic waste in mixed waste
and residual waste streams, hereby
stimulating prevention and recycling of
plastic waste.
 Promoting recycling of plastic polymers as a
substitute for virgin plastic.
 Diverting waste plastic from the residual
waste going to incineration (creating a
carbon neutral energy source) and landfill
 Aims to establish environment-friendly
plastic waste disposal solutions.
4. LIMITATION OF STUDY
• The study aims to investigate the overall
use and adverse effect of plastic while some
factors like lack of genuine research was
one of the obstacles I faced.
• Lack of prior research studies on the topic.
• Lack of available and/or reliable data

03. MATERIALS AND

METHODS
The study of this project investigates both
primary and secondary research.
The materials and methods I used for collecting
information for the report are as follows:
• Observing the basic use and adverse effect
of plastic on the environment.
• Most of the information was collected from
articles regarding plastics and plastic waste.
• The government policies and reports were
reviewed for data generation. Similarly,
archive documents, books and journals
were also used.
• Remarking in other books, projects,
regarding plastic, use and its effects.

04. RESULTS AND

FINDINGS
Be it food packets, toys, storage packing,
furniture or electronic items, plastics are so
widely used that imagining our lives without
it is impossible. It is one of the best
substitutes for wood, thus reducing the
cutting of trees and helping the environment.
On the other hand, sometimes it poses
problems too, for example: when it comes to
their disposal. Upon usage, artifacts made
from plastic sustain wear and tear and
become brittle, so it is necessary to dispose
of. For e.g. a plastic chair being used for five
years cannot be used further or a plastic
sachet containing shampoo cannot be reused
to store shampoo again. So, what do we do
with these items? Most often, these are
thrown into the dustbin, which is then
collected by the municipal corporation. But
what if they are not disposed of properly? We
have seen heaps of garbage lying along the
roads or in the drains or other water bodies,
clogging them. Plastics, supposed to be a
boon to the environment is now becoming a
bane.
Plastics are synthetic polymers of carbon and
other elements with high molecular mass.
Plastics are malleable and can be converted
into solid objects also. It is used in boxes,
packaging, carry bags, switches, utensils,
electrical wires, fire resistant fabric etc. there
are both pros and cons of plastic. Some of
them are listed below:
1. ADVANTAGES OF PLASTICS
Plastics are used mostly in every sector of our
lives. This is due to the fact that plastics are
rather cheap and also have several other
advantages.
• One important advantage of plastics is that
they are pretty convenient to use.
• Another upside of plastic is that it ensures
long durability of products.
• Even though we often only use our plastic
bags and other things a single time, most
plastic items are suitable for reuse.
• Unlike other materials, plastics do not emit
an unpleasant smell.
• Another reason why plastics are so popular
is that they are quite light.
• Plastics are also quite durable and resistant
to all kinds of adverse outside factors.
• Thermoplastic polymer is a type of plastic.
Thermoplastics are those plastics which can
be molded again and again by use of heat.
Examples of thermoplastics are polyethene,
polystyrene and PVC (polyvinylchloride).
Thermoplastic polymers are used in making
carry bags, bottles etc.
• Thermosetting plastic are those plastic
polymers which cannot be molded again
and again by use of heat. These are also
known as thermosetting polymers.
Examples of thermosetting plastic are
Bakelite, melamine etc. Thermosetting
plastics are used in making handles of
utensils, switches and fire-resistant fabric
etc.
2. DISADVANTAGES OF PLASTICS
Cheap production and easy availability make
plastic very useful, but it has many shortfalls
and its harmful effects are cause of huge
concern for us to save our earth and us.
• Plastics lead to all sorts of pollution.
• Both creation and recycling of plastic
produce toxic gases and residues which
cause air and water and land pollution.
• Since a large part of our plastic waste has to
be burned in order to get rid of it, this
burning process also implies the emission of
large amounts of harmful gases into our
atmosphere. Plastics imply significant air
pollution.
• Through the emission of harmful gases into
our atmosphere related to the burning of
plastic waste, the global warming issue is
also exacerbated.
• Natural decomposition of plastic can last
from 400-1000 years and few types of
plastics are non-degradable as well.
• Disadvantages of plastic bags are well
known, this is the reason why use of plastic
bags have been restricted in most of the
countries in the world.

05. CONCLUSION
Plastic is a material that has many important
advantages. It enables us to consume goods
at a quite cheap price and has many other
benefits.
However, the use of plastics also implies
serious environmental problems.
In the long run, the use of plastics will not be
sustainable and humanity has to switch to
 alternatives in order to save our planet from
environmental degradation.

06.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Taken this opportunity to express my respect
and gratitude to my supervisor, Mr.
Madhusudhan Acharya, Shree Jana Model
Secondary School. I am thankful to him for his
constant support and encouragement and
valuable supervision, guidance and
encouragement throughout this project
completion period.
I am always grateful to all my friends and
teachers who have helped, supported and
encouraged me throughout the time period of
project.
Special thanks to: Preshika Shrestha.

Pawan Acharya
Laligurans
41
Shree Jana Model Secondary School
Birendranagar-6, SURKHET
 07. REFERENCES
• E Carpenter, K smith, 1972, “Plastics on the
Sargasso sea surface”, www.ibanet.org
• 2011, “Life cycle of plastic products”,
www.americanchemistry.com
• British plastics federation, 2021, “Plastics
application”, www.bpf.co.uk
• Sadiq, Dr. Muhammad Maqbool, “plastic
waste literature review”, www.ipl.org
• Fried JR, 1995, “introduction to polymer”
• Sahid M, Khatlak, Muhamad Rafique, 2015,
“Literature review on different plastic
waste materials use in concrete”,
www.semanticscholar.org
• 2012, “Objectives of Approach”
www.plastic-zero.com
• “Disadvantages of plastics”,
www.vedantu.com
• Andreas, “45 important pros and cons of
plastics”,www.environmentconsciences.com
• M Thiel, M Eriksen, N Maximenko, A
Cummin, G Lattin, S Wilson, S Rifman,
‘Plastic pollution in the South Pacific
subtropical gyre’, 2013, Marine pollution
bulletin.
• “Effects of plastics”, www.byjus.com
 08. ANNEX
There is a need to minimize our plastic use to
effectively minimize plastic waste. This means
modifying our everyday habits, not using plastic
when there is a good alternative and only using
plastic when it is strictly necessary. Plastic bags
can be reused or used for different purposes. It
is necessary to think about how they can be
reused before disposing of them.
Education is another critical tool for behavioral
improvement by educating people about the
environmental and health expense of using
plastic bags. We need to raise awareness in
communities about poor waste disposal
activities. Other actions that can be taken to
limit the impact of plastic bags on the
environment include taking part in
neighborhood clean-up efforts, voluntarily
recycling household waste, avoiding littering
and illegal dumping of plastic shopping bags,
using eco-friendly materials as an alternative
and adopting legislation which would make the

use of plastic bags less attractive.

 Thank You!

BY: PAWAN ACHARYA

pawanacharya832@gmail.co
m

11 Laligurans Roll no: 41